体外培养FBs损伤模型的建立及细胞免疫组化研究

首次应用培养人胎肺成纤维细胞 (FBs)损伤模型 ,体外研究创缘FBs合成细胞型纤维连接蛋白 (cellu larfibronectins,cFn)的变化与损伤时间的关系。结果表明 ,损伤使处于静息状态的融合FBs成为具有运动能力和增殖能力的活跃细胞。应用免疫组化ABC法结合图像分析技术 ,观察伤后不同时间创缘FBs内cFn的含量变化。伤后 1h ,可以检测到cFn有变化 ,且在伤后 6h内 ,cFn逐渐增多 ,其变化与损伤时间呈正相关。这对今后应用cFn与损伤时间推断的研究提供了科学依据 ,同时为法医学损伤时间研究开辟了新的途径。     

FN-EIIIA肽段表达与皮肤损伤时间推断研究

目的 在mRNA研究的基础上,研究大鼠皮肤挫伤后含EIIIA□段的Fn蛋白水平表达与损伤时间关系。方法片段特异性单克隆抗体免疫组织化学染色。结果伤后6h表皮细胞、毛囊上皮细胞等出现棕黄色阳性染色颗粒,并随损伤时间延长染色加深。结论Fn-EIIIA片段检测可用于法医学生前伤确认和损伤时间推断。     

应用PAP法检测成人皮肤切创纤维连接蛋白推断损伤时间

应用PAP法，对15例成人腹部不同时间组（2小时以内）手术切创皮肤进行研究，观察Fn的分布、含量变化及其与损伤时间的关系；同时作H．E和Masson三色染色对比观察。结果发现：创伤即刻，创壁仅有少量Fn阳性颗粒；15分钟后，创壁表面Fn含量增多，呈薄层、断续的细条状；以后，随着时间延长，创壁表面Fn含量逐渐增多，呈连续细带状；至2小时，创伤局部Fn含量明显增多，创壁表面Fn是较宽带状，创壁内Fn亦增多，并是浓度梯度改变。PAP法检测Fn，可为鉴别生前与死后损伤、推断早期损伤时间，提供新的手段。     

应用ELISA测定成人皮肤切创纤维连接蛋白

应用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附剂测定法（ELISA），定量研究了12例成人腹部2小时以内手术切创皮肤可检测的Fn。实验批内变异系数＜5％，批间变异系数＜10％，检测Fn浓度范围3．91～1000ng／ml。结果：成人腹部每克皮肤可检测Fn含量为7．5920±1．7364μg（M±SD）；随着损伤时间延长，不同时间段创伤局部皮肤Fn的含量逐渐升高；各不同时间段与损伤即刻皮肤Fn含量的差值和损伤时间之间存在直线相关（r=0．9843）。经方差分析处理，发现创伤局部皮肤Fn含量在损伤经历30分钟后，有显著增加。本此结果可为推断切创形成的时间提供参考数据。     

浅谈损伤顺序的分类

正在命案现场(包括人体伤害现场),损伤顺序的确认极具侦查及诉讼价值。1损伤的时间顺序损伤时间顺序是按损伤发生发展的过程说明的。皮肤擦伤面低于周围,皮肤湿润,一般未超过2h,如伤面已干燥结痂,呈淡黄褐色痂皮,伤后约3~24h,如伤面已与周围皮肤等高,伤后约12~48h之间,如痂皮周围开始翘起,伤后约3~7d,痂皮完全脱落,伤后约7~12d,大面积擦伤如继发感染,则愈后需2周     

根据损伤组织中C─反应蛋白的含量及分布推断损伤时间

作者应用酶联免疫吸附分析和免疫组织化学方法，检测大鼠切创创缘C-反应蛋白含量及分布的变化，探讨它们与损伤时间的关系及其来源。结果表明通过检测损伤组织中C-反应蛋白的含量及分布可推断伤后30分钟至5小时内的损伤时间，并证明C-反应蛋白可由肝细胞合成，组织损伤可诱发肝细胞合成C-反应蛋白。     

大鼠骨骼肌损伤后PMN、MNC及FBC百分率与损伤时间关系

目的：研究大鼠骨骼肌机械性损伤后不同时间点多形核白细胞（polymorphonuclear leucocytes , PMN）、单个核细胞（mononuclear cells,MNC）及成纤维样细胞（fibroblastic cells,FBC）百分率的变化。方法建立大鼠骨骼肌机械性损伤动物模型,随机分为伤后6h、12h、1d、3d、7d、10d、14d及正常对照组。应用HE染色法和图像分析检测大鼠骨骼肌损伤后不同时间点PMN、MNC及FBC百分率。结果伤后6~12 h,损伤区内可见PMN和MNC浸润,PMN百分率达到峰值;伤后1 d,损伤区内主要以MNC浸润为主,MNC百分率达到峰值,而PMN百分率开始下降;伤后3~7 d,FBC百分率开始逐渐增加,PMN和MNC百分率则逐渐下降;伤后10~14 d,FBC百分率达到峰值。结论大鼠骨骼肌损伤区内PMN、MNC及FBC百分率呈时间规律性变化,有望成为骨骼肌损伤时间推断的参考指标。     

损伤时间的确定

<正> 损伤时间的确定包括:1)鉴别生前伤和死后伤;2)比较同一个体上的生前损伤,推断生前损伤形成的时间先后次序。生前伤周围,各种炎症因子不断地被激活。相继出现的炎症因子,是确定损伤时间的生物学基础。通过组织学观察证明,白细胞反应是最早出现的炎症征象。损伤后8～12小时,白细胞和激活的成纤维细胞在损伤周围形成一个明显的损伤带。靠近损伤缘的中央区,以组     

人皮肤成纤维细胞早期损伤后EDA-FN表达与损伤时间的关系

目的探讨培养的人体皮肤成纤维细胞损伤后纤维连接蛋白EDA片段的表达情况与损伤时间的关系。方法培养人体皮肤成纤维细胞,利用单克隆抗体进行免疫组织化学染色及Western检测。结果培养中的人体成纤维细胞可以微量表达EDA,随损伤时间延长而表达量增加。结论EDA片段表达变化可以作为法医学早期损伤时间推断的比较理想的指标。     

闭合性颅脑损伤后大鼠BAEP及脑损伤的动态变化

目的观察大鼠闭合性弥漫性颅脑损伤后脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)的动态改变及脑组织病理学变化,探讨BAEP在颅脑损伤后评估听觉功能障碍的价值。方法使用自制弹簧式小型生物打击机打击大鼠颅顶部,制造闭合性弥漫性轻型颅脑损伤模型。观察对照组以及伤后15min和1,3,6,12h及1,2,4,7,10,14,21d等时间点大鼠脑组织病理学改变,干/湿法检测脑组织含水量。分别于伤前、伤后各时间点以50Hz刺激率记录大鼠BAEP,对其结果进行比较。结果损伤后15min,BAEP的Ⅰ～Ⅴ、Ⅲ～ⅤIPL即较损伤前延长(P<0.05),至6～12h,Ⅲ、ⅤPL较损伤前延长。损伤后1～2d,Ⅲ、ⅤPL和Ⅰ～Ⅲ、Ⅰ～Ⅴ、Ⅲ～ⅤIPL均较损伤前显著延长(P<0.001),14d后BAEP逐渐恢复正常。伤后15min脑组织含水量开始升高,伤后1d达高峰,持续至4d后逐渐下降,至10d后降至正常水平。结论BAEP可作为闭合性弥漫性轻型颅脑损伤后听觉功能障碍的客观评价指标。     

The Compensation Culture: Cliché or Cause for Concern?

The ‘compensation culture’ has featured frequently in the popular press over the last decade. There have, however, been comparatively few academic studies and such studies as there have been have largely focused on personal injury claims. A compensation culture, if it exists, could extend much wider than that. This article compares the exponential increase in the use of the term ‘compensation culture’ in the national printed media since 1995 with available statistics relating to the Queen's Bench, County Courts, and employment tribunals. Far from spiralling upwards, these statistics show a broad decline across a range of claims with the exception of claims before the employment tribunals, where the government has created a slew of new heads of claim. In order to counter the misconceptions founded by the popular media, and to allow for greater scrutiny, more attention should be paid to the collection and dissemination of judicial and claims statistics.     

Epidemiologic and phenomenologic aspects of suicide caused by leaping from a high bridge

Since the fascinating K?hlbrand Bridge within the harbour of Hamburg (520 m long, 53 m high) was put into operation in the year 1974, 56 persons (47 males, 9 females, aged between 20 and 82 years) committed suicide by jumping from the bridge up to 1997. These suicides could not be prevented although video supervision of the bridge has been arranged and a police station is not far away. The suicides took place without any predictable frequency concerning time and season. However, after reports of spectacular cases within the media there was a tendency of suicidents to prefer the same manner of suicide, for instance in the year 1994. In recent time, a considerable number of suicidents did not jump from the very top of the bridge down into the water but hit to the ground after jumping from the access ramps. The special aim of this retrospective study included an analysis of the injury pattern (autopsy rate only 47%!) and special phenomenological and reconstructive aspects of the suicides.     

Measuring media oriented terrorism

Although long established, media oriented terrorist events have not been conceptualized or measured in a coherent manner. To forward the empirical study of media oriented terrorism, a measure that can be applied to terrorist events or to terrorist groups was developed and employed to compare terrorist activity for twenty terrorist groups and two hundred terrorist events. The media orientation measure taps into five factors of media orientation and successfully differentiates high from low media orientated events and active and inactive media oriented terrorist groups. The single most important factor regarding any group's individual media orientation level was their base of operation. Terrorist groups that were engaged in regional struggles were found to be less media oriented. Despite the news value of death and injury, the terrorist group with the highest fatality and injury averages ranked ninth in its media orientation score indicating that death and injury was not a necessary indicator of media orientation. Scores further suggest that media savvy well-known terrorist groups did not pursue media oriented activity as a constant strategy.     

Alcohol intoxication may exacerbate the effects of blunt cranial trauma through changes in brain free magnesium levels

Moderate to high levels of alcohol decrease brain intracellular free magnesium concentration, a factor known to be critical in brain injury. Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to examine changes to brain free magnesium concentration after blunt cranial trauma in alcohol-intoxicated rats. Rats exposed acutely or chronically to alcohol sufficient to increase blood alcohol levels to between 150 and 350 mg/dL demonstrated a brain free magnesium level that was 20-50% less than in nonintoxicated animals (p < 0.01). After injury, brain free magnesium levels declined more rapidly and to a greater extent in alcohol-affected animals than in nonintoxicated control animals (p < 0.001). As both preinjury depletion of magnesium and degree of magnesium decline after brain injury have been associated with poor recovery, these findings suggest that moderate to severe alcohol intoxication may predispose the brain to a worse outcome by reducing brain free magnesium levels, both before and after injury.     

论决定我国工伤保险制度形成与发展的经济和文化

我国几千年封建社会的自然经济与儒家文化孕育了劳动者以血缘关系为纽带的家庭代内与代际间补偿互助的保险观念,它根深蒂固地影响着我国在建国后的工伤保险制度的形成与发展。在建国初期实行的由单一的计划经济体制所衍生的城乡两极分化的工伤保险制度及其长期稳健运行,是儒家文化与共产主义先进文化从各自的立场和逻辑出发而殊途同归的结果。在市场经济体制下,出现了国家所有、集体所有、私营和外资等多种所有制形式并存的局面,昔日的工伤保险制度在实施范围、工伤待遇等多方面遇到了挑战,儒家文化、共产主义文化、西方外来文化等多元文化在冲突与融合中找到了契合点,从而为我国指明了一条由个人、企业和国家共同参与的多层次的、以社会保险和商业保险互补性为特征的工伤保险制度革新之路。     

不同损伤程度脑震荡鼠逆行性遗忘变化比较

目的研究不同损伤程度脑震荡(CC)大鼠逆行性遗忘(RA)之变化情况。方法用金属单摆打击装置复制大鼠不同损伤程度脑震荡模型,用Morris水迷宫检测脑震荡后大鼠逆行性遗忘变化情况。结果单纯性脑震荡(PCC)大鼠打击后72h内出现逆行性遗忘,伤后4d出现认知受损,随后恢复。复杂性脑震荡(CCC)大鼠打击后5d内既有逆行性遗忘的存在,又有认知功能受损,5d后恢复。结论大鼠不同损伤程度脑震荡后均出现逆行性遗忘,且脑震荡损伤程度不同,逆行性遗忘持续时间亦不同,脑震荡程度越重,RA持续时间越长。     

液压冲击脑损伤后细胞间粘附分子表达的研究

目的测定外伤性脑损伤后脑内细胞间粘附分子(ICAM-1)的变化。方法用大鼠液压冲击脑损伤致伤模型制作大鼠脑损伤,伤后2、4、8、12、24h取脑组织,用免疫组织化学方法染色并用MIAS图像分析系统进行图像分析。结果脑损伤后2h即可见ICAM-1在脑内表达上调,12h达高峰,24h已回落。结论测定I-CAM-1在脑内的变化情况,可为推断24h以内脑损伤形成时间及伤后存活时间提供参考。     

大鼠挫伤骨骼肌中M1/M2型巨噬细胞时间相关性研究

目的研究大鼠骨骼肌挫伤后M1/M2型巨噬细胞浸润的动态变化规律结合组织学改变建立损伤时间推断方法。方法建立大鼠骨骼肌挫伤模型,挫伤后6h、12h、24h、36h、48h、60h、72h、96h、144h、216h、336h为实验组,对照组不进行任何处理。采用HE染色法和免疫荧光多重染色方法观察骨骼肌挫伤后修复规律,运用全景组织细胞定量分析系统检测损伤区内单位面积细胞核数量、M1及M2型巨噬细胞数量和比例变化规律并建立与损伤时间的关系。结果在0.5mm×0.5mm范围内,M1型巨噬细胞比例在0.05±0.02~0.18±0.12且M2型巨噬细胞比例在0.02±0.01~0.04±0.02范围内时,推断该组织的损伤时间为伤后6h~48h;M1型巨噬细胞比例0.22±0.02且M2型巨噬细胞比例在0.09±0.02范围内时,推断该组织的损伤时间为损伤后60h;M1型巨噬细胞比例0.1±0.02且M2型巨噬细胞比例在0.16±0.07范围内时,推断该组织的损伤时间为损伤后144h;M1型巨噬细胞比例0.05±0.01~0.09±0.02且M2型巨噬细胞比例在0.07±0.02~0.09±0.01范围内时,推断该组织的损伤时间为损伤后216h~336h。结论大鼠挫伤骨骼肌中M1/M2型巨噬细胞时间相关性表达规律可作为损伤时间推断的新依据,结合病理组织学改变可进一步提高损伤时间推断的准确性。