超期羁押采集证据的效力认定

超期羁押是当前我国司法实践中的一个突出问题,它严重剥夺了犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的人身自由,与保障人权的国策背道而驰,同时对诉讼效率、司法公正的负面影响也日益凸显。尽管社会各界为清理超期羁押付出了极大努力,可是超期羁押现象却没有得到有效遏制。究其原因,应该是多层面的     

浅析超斯羁押问题的原因预防对策及立法救济

超期羁押既是司法实践中的热点、难点，也是我国当前羁押制度的瓶颈之一，其问题的严重性更是引起了中央各政法机关的高度重视。全面分析超期羁押产生的原因，科学合理地提出解决方案已经成为党和国家在诉讼法方面体现“三个代表”的重要标志。笔者根据高检院的指示精神，结合当前“强化法律监督，维护公平正义”主题教育活动，从分析超期羁押的主、客观原因入手，力求探索和深化解决超期羁押问题的预防对策和救济途径。     

超期羁押：困境与出路

超期羁押问题是目前社会备界所共同关注的热点问题，司法机关也为清理超期羁押现象进行了艰苦的努力。问题的关键在于如何建立一个杜绝超期羁押的长效机制。本文在广泛调查的基础上，以检察机关各办案环节为研究基点，深入分析了可能出现超期羁押隐患的各个环节，在全面检讨我国十多年清理超期羁押政策的基础上，提出了建立遏制超期羁押的长效机制的构架。     

建立和完善超期羁押监督机制

超期羁押是指办案机关和监管机关超过法定羁押期限,违法羁押犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的行为,存在于刑事拘留、侦查、起诉、审判的各个阶段。 按照有关规定,人民检察院监所检察部门担负着对刑事诉讼羁押期限进行监督的重要职责。怎样才能有效地防止超期羁押的出现,是当前监所检察     

蚌埠市检察机关预防和纠正超期羁押工作的调研及思考——兼谈对我国羁押制度的立法完善

蚌埠市检察机关通过建立预防和纠正超期羁押的长效工作机制,包括改革换押程序,使用"展示板",实行"告诉制"与"律师代理申诉制",明确对超期羁押负有责任的机关、人员的惩罚,在一定程度上弥补了立法上的缺陷,使超期羁押现象在该市得到了有效遏制.但要在全国范围内根本消除超期羁押现象,必须在立法上完善我国的羁押制度,比如上将办案期限与羁押期限分开,明确对超期羁押负有责任的机关、人员的惩戒措施,完善对超期羁押的司法救济制度等.     

浅谈我国刑事羁押制度的缺陷和完善

近年来,我国的刑法在对被告人和犯罪嫌疑人的合法权益保护方面与过去相比已经有了很大的改善,但是仍然存在许多需要解决的问题。尤其是超期羁押、缺乏司法控制的现象特别严重。本文主要针对我国当前刑事羁押制度的缺陷进行分析,从而提出相应的意见建议。     

超期羁押刑事赔偿的若干问题

超期羁押是一种严重侵犯公民人身自由权的违法行为 ,对于被超期羁押者应当贯彻全面的国家赔偿原则 ,不以犯罪嫌疑人、被告人最终是否被判处“无罪”为条件。一个人即使最终被判有罪 ,判决前如果存在超期羁押的情形 ,那么也应进行相应的经济补偿。我国的国家赔偿应当实现“无过错”责任原则和“违法”责任原则的结合 ,对被超期羁押者予以全面的经济上的救济。当然 ,这在目前中国还存在严重的制度和观念上的障碍。     

超期羁押刑事责任之我见

超期羁押严重侵犯了犯罪嫌人、被告人的合法权利,是一种变的非法拘禁,是对人的最基本的尊和自由的极端漠视,也是对公正执的严重破坏。长期以来,超期羁押以解决,究其原因,对责任人的追和查处不力,是一个重要原因。目前对超期羁押责任人如何追究责任,体由哪个部门追究,如果不追究又何后果等具体问题没有明文规定。要坚决制止超期羁押,就必须细化超期羁押责任人的法律责任。1.应明确界定何为超期羁押超期羁押简单地说,就是超过法期限的羁押。那么超期羁押的法期限是多少?根据我国刑事诉讼的规定,羁押不是一种独立的强措施,而是刑事拘留和逮捕的…     

纠正超期羁押的法律思考

前不久,最高人民检察院宣布:截至7月21日,在超期羁押专项清理工作中,全国检察机关累计纠正检察办案阶段超期羁押359人,31个省份和新疆生产建设兵团检察机关已没有超期羁押案件,全国已实现检察机关办案阶段无超期羁押。据悉,在新闻发布会上,最高人民检察院新闻发言人张仲芳表示,“检察环节存在的超期羁押人数占刑事诉讼中超期羁押总人数的比例非常小,要完全纠正和杜绝超期羁押,其他政法部门面临的任务还很重”。所谓“其他政法部门”显然是指公安机关和人民法院。因为依照我国现行法律规定,有权对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人决定、批准或者执行羁押(…     

刑事起期羁押现状分析与反思

我国刑事羁押率偏高，超期羁押现象仍未得到有效控制，本文剖析了超期羁押的原因，分析了超期羁押的表现形式，并提出解决超级羁押的措施。     

两大法系狭义羁押启动制度探究及对我国的借鉴

狭义羁押是指逮捕（抓捕）犯罪嫌疑人后经由法庭或法官审查批准后决定的羁押,我国的狭义羁押指的是侦查机关决定拘留犯罪嫌疑人和检察机关决定逮捕犯罪嫌疑人后的羁押。羁押的启动应当是在充分遵循羁押基本原则的前提下,严格依照法律规定的羁押启动条件,并经过必要的司法审查的刑事诉讼程序。各国在捕押分离的前提下对羁押的条件和司法审查都有着严格的规定,对于完善我国的羁押制度,保障人权有着非常重要的借鉴意义。     

审前羁押程序比较

审前羁押会使犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的人身自由受到较为严重的侵害。西方各法治国家都采取了相应的法律控制手段。本文通过立法比较解读审前羁押的程序问题 ,透视了我国相关制度。反思了我国完善这项制度的出路以及面对的困境。     

Factors associated with desistance from violence in prison: an exploratory study

Desistance from crime has been of increasing interest within criminal justice literature, but desistance from offending behaviour whilst in custodial environments has not yet been investigated. Violence within prison establishments continues to be a significant problem; therefore, this study investigated the factors that are associated with desistance from custodial violence in 63 UK Category C adult male prisoners with a record of violence in prison. Participants completed measures of eight social and subjective factors associated with desistance in community samples. Those who had desisted from prison violence for 12 months or more showed greater levels of pro-social attitudes, agency and resilience than those who persisted in violence. Agency independently predicted desistance and this was particularly the case for younger offenders. Internal shifts appeared to be supported by a positive work environment. It is concluded that in custody an internal shift in perspective is especially important for desistance, and that this can be supported by the social environment. Opportunities to intervene may be greater in younger prisoners. It is recommended that current initiatives in developing agency and positive social interaction, such as Psychologically Informed Planned Environments, are further developed.     

从经典判例之行为人处置看强制监护治疗

中国司法精神病学研究人员对野兽条例、妄想标准、不可抗拒冲动检验、M＇Naghten规则等关于精神病人刑事责任能力评定标准的典型案例耳熟能详,但对这些案例中的行为人处置却不甚熟悉。介绍这些行为人的最终处置,并结合国内外监护治疗研究现状,对肇祸精神病人的强制监护治疗制度进行探讨。     

刑期折抵的理论定位

在现代刑法中,刑期折抵不只是一个法律规定,而且是一种现代法律制度。这种法律制度,相对于所处法律关系的不同,可有不同的理论定位。其中,从羁押折抵刑期的本质来看,其立法设置旨在救济未决羁押之正当性瑕疵,是刑事实体救济制度;从罪刑关系运行所处时间阶段来看,其司法适用需要审判裁量,是刑罚裁量制度;从适用的法律后果来看,其司法适用导致刑罚执行权的部分甚至全部消灭,是刑罚消灭制度。     

Rap sheets in criminological research: Considerations and caveats

The types of errors found in official criminal history records are not completely understood by many researchers, and this lack of understanding can lead to serious misinterpretations. Analyses of a recently developed database of New Orleans offenders indicate that the use of rap sheets with a limited catchment area can lead to gross distortions of the effects of variables related to geographic mobility, such as race and age. Evidence from a number of sources indicates that false-negative error is a serious problem, particularly in fingerprint-based record systems. In addition, arrest records lend themselves to a variety of common misinterpretations by researchers in the coding process, including failing to identify multievent arrests, misclassifying arrests, and treating arrest or custody process events as crimes indicating criminal activity of the individual while free. Solutions to some of these problems are suggested.     

The Effects of Joint Legal Custody on Mothers,Fathers, and Children Controlling for Factors That Predispose a Sole Maternal versus Joint Legal Award

Findings from comparisons of joint and sole custody families that do not control for predivorce differences in demographic and family process variables (factors that may predispose families to choose or be awarded joint custody) are of limited generalizability, since obtained group differences may be attributable to predisposing (self-selection) factors, custody, or both. This study compared a random sample of 254 recently separated, not-yet-divorced families on 71 predivorce variables that might plausibly differentiate between families awarded joint legal versus sole maternal custody. Twenty such factors were identified and controlled for in subsequent comparisons of 52 sole maternal and 26 joint legal custody families 2 years postdivorce. Families with joint custody had more frequent father–child visitation, lower maternal satisfaction with custody arrangements, more rapid maternal repartnering, and fewer child adjustment problems (net of predivorce selection factors). Moreover, these effects did not appear to be moderated by level of predecree parental conflict. No association between custody and fathers' compliance with child support orders was obtained.     

ASSESSING CREDIBILITY IN ALLEGATIONS OF MARITAL VIOLENCE IN THE HIGHCONFLICT CHILD CUSTODY CASE

Forensic psychology has not systematically examined the problem of evaluating the credibility of allegations of marital violence within the context of a child custody case. The importance of this issue stems from the negative effect of family violence on children, the implications for parenting effectiveness, and consideration of the feasibility of joint custody. When marital violence has not been previously disclosed or objectively documented by prosecution, there is a need to examine the credibility of the allegations because of the strategic incentive for both sides to distort historical events. A six-factor model is presented to assist the child custody evaluator and judicial decision maker in this task. A risk assessment approach to marital violence in the custody evaluation context is presented. The need to examine the empirical basis of marital violence allegations in custody litigation should not discourage victims from raising the issue and does not diminish the seriousness of family maltreatment as a social problem.     

刑期折抵制度的刑法精神

不仅要预防犯罪,还要保障人权、关怀人性、崇尚公正,这是当代刑法的基本精神所在。而刑期折抵制度因其彰显了当代刑法的人权保障功能,实践了当代刑法的人性关怀,体现了当代刑法的公平公正而弘扬了刑法的精神,是刑法走向现代化的重要表现和必然要求。     

MAKING A PLACE AT THE TABLE:

This response to Timothy Tippins and Jeffrey Wittmann's article "Empirical and Ethical Problems with Custody Recommendations: A Call for Clinical Humility and Judicial Vigilance" builds upon the authors' conclusions that custody evaluations cannot and should not be a substitute for the socio-legal judgment of the best interests of the child. Recognizing that clinical humility and judicial vigilance may not be sufficient to restrain the misuse of psychological evaluation, we offer for consideration three structural changes that would provide for a more appropriate use of the skills and talents custody evaluators bring to legal decisions. We suggest using custody evaluators in the less adversarial setting of preparing parenting plans, revising the procedures by which custody evaluations are elicited in litigation, and adopting the approximation standard for child custody determinations.