社会管理创新视域下的城镇化战略

社会管理，是中国特色社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设四位一体总体格局中社会建设的一个重要组成部分，是对社会领域或社会事务实施管制、治理。城镇化是当代中国重大的社会变迁现象，在实现现代化的过程中，必然要经历城镇化的历史阶段。如何使城镇化的实践过程顺利进行，是当代政治家面临的重要课题。运用社会管理创新的智慧来...     

乡村振兴中的社会治理体系建设

乡村振兴,治理有效是基础。持续的工业化、城镇化、市场化、信息化,加速了农村社会的分化,加之日益加剧的人口稀疏化、老年化,乡村大有衰落之势。在社会治理领域,农村内部矛盾不断增多,包括村霸在内的黑恶势力严重影响农村社会治安,各种突发公共安全事件频繁发生,基层社会治理领域的问题复杂多样,乡村治理面临巨大挑战。国家实施乡村振兴战略两年多来,围绕社会治理,制定并出台了一系列大政方针,为乡村有效治理指明了方向。按照共建共治共享社会治理制度的基本要求,在“七位一体”社会治理体系的总框架下,完善党组织领导的“三治”结合的乡村社区治理体系,落实县乡村联动的乡村治理工作体系,横向上要建立健全权责清晰、体制顺畅、多元互动的乡村社会治理体系,纵向上要建立健全指挥有方、服务到位、上下联动的乡村社会治理体系。     

一体化进程中的欧盟社会政策——《欧盟社会政策与欧洲一体化》析评

二战结束后,欧洲联合的步伐大大加快,这不仅体现在欧洲共同经济政策的制定与实施上,也体现在共同体社会政策的逐步形成与发展上。国内学术界对于欧洲一体化问题的关注由来已久,不过总体而言,从宏观上论述欧洲一体化进程的论著较为多见,而从微观上探讨欧洲一体化进程的论著则相对缺乏。这些微观层面的研究也主要聚焦于经济一体化、经货联盟以及共同体经济政策等方面,而对社会一体化、共同体社会政策等方面关注不多。事实上,在欧洲一体化进程中,共同体社会政策是仅次于共同体经济政策的一个重要方面,对共同体社会政策的研究,有助于我们深入把…     

东盟社会-文化共同体的建设及其对中国的意义

东盟社会—文化共同体以关注人的发展与安全、环境和自然资源的可持续性以及在保护多元文化的基础上培养地区认同为特征。其建设思路如下以东盟经济共同体、安全共同体的建设来促进社会—文化共同体的建设;分块建设,扎实推进;走多元一体化道路;开放式建设社会—文化共同体。东盟社会—文化共同体建设对中国具有积极意义为中国扩大地区影响力、树立负责任的大国形象提供了新的舞台;为中国落实科学发展观提供了新的机遇;为东亚地区一体化建设提供了有益思路,从而有利于中国地区合作战略的实现。     

城市化与社会变迁——以19世纪初至一战前的德国为例

德国虽然在19世纪初才开始其城市化和工业革命的进程,但异军突起,速度快,只用了短短几十年的时间就完成了城市化的进程.其中引起了许多剧烈的社会变迁,不仅推动了德国人口分布和就业结构的转变,也推进了德国政治结构的转变,使社会的整合功能加强,广大人民的文化观念也发生了巨大的转变.     

日本民主党兴起的政治社会基础

日本民主党自1996年成立以来,不断发展壮大,成为仅次于自民党的第二大党.本文从三个方面分析了民主党兴起的政治社会基础,其一是冷战后日本政治的整体保守化 ,其二是各政党的分裂与合并,其三是日本社会的变迁.从中可见经济、科技与社会变迁等因素对政党兴衰的影响.     

欧盟治理下社会伙伴的角色变化

欧盟/共同体层面的制度建设改变了社会伙伴的偏好、兴趣以及思想,将他们吸引到"欧洲社会共同体"中。社会伙伴在欧盟治理的传统模式——共同体方法下,发展社会对话、参与三方会谈并为立法提供咨询;在《马约》签订后,借助社会伙伴程序,社会伙伴享有了直接参与立法的权利;而在欧盟新型治理模式——开放式协调法下社会伙伴又与公民社会一道在欧盟的政策制定、政策实施和政策监督中发挥重要的作用。本文尝试对社会伙伴在标准立法程序、社会伙伴程序以及开放式协调法三种决策机制下的作用进行具体分析,力求从一个侧面反映欧盟治理的特征。     

城市化与社会变迁——以19世纪初至一战前的德国为例

德国虽然在19世纪初才开始其城市化和工业革命的进程,但异军突起,速度快,只用了短短几十年的时间就完成了城市化的进程。其中引起了许多剧烈的社会变迁,不仅推动了德国人口分布和就业结构的转变,也推进了德国政治结构的转变,使社会的整合功能加强,广大人民的文化观念也发生了巨大的转变。     

东盟安全共同体建构:外部推力与内在进程

本文旨在分析影响东盟安全共同体建构的动力要素及其作用方式。在对建构主义安全共同体理论批判吸收的基础上,笔者认为包含外来威胁与域外力量介入的外部推力与内在进程性要素——包括规范建构、交往与社会学习、国际组织与制度建设以及人民参与——共同推动了安全共同体的形成。这两方面的动力通过促进地区共同利益、增进成员国互信、塑造集体身份等方式来实现成员国对地区内部"和平变革"的期待,从而增强安全共同体的"一体化"。东盟安全共同体在内外动力的作用下缓慢向前发展。其中,应对外在安全威胁的共同需求及增强与域外力量抗衡筹码的共同利益促使成员国不断加强内部团结,而东盟集体身份也在与域外行为体的交往中得以实现。但地区内部进程中各要素的缓慢发展,导致共同体内部推动力不足,反过来制约了共同体的内在发展进程。     

东亚家族企业的社会功能与发展趋向

战后东亚普遍存在的家族企业与西方国家的家族企业在文化背景、成员关系和历史作用等方面存在本质差异.家族企业是战后东亚本土资本形成和积累的主要组织形式,也是推动经济增长的重要动力源泉.东亚家族企业的产生经历了从旧的、以土地为经济基础的血缘共同体向新的、以资本和劳动收入为经济基础的血缘共同体转变,而其发展则在于突破自身的局限性,实现向现代科层制企业转换.     

The political economic factors of migration to Bangkok

A new way of urbanization has emerged in China where farmers are urbanizing the rural areas instead of migrating to the large cities. This article addresses the question of why current urbanization takes this direction in which surplus labor has been transferred from agriculture into the industrial and service sectors without leaving the rural areas. The findings indicate that continual population pressure and reform policies in post-Mao China have resulted in strategic development of small towns in the rural areas. In this development, township and village enterprises have been the locomotive of rural urbanization. Institutional constraints could be moved, created, or utilized in a way which can be conductive for social development. The rural urbanization in China could be significant for many developing countries.     

DEMANDING DAUGHTER DUTY

The transnationalization of rural villages in the northeast region of Thailand through women's transnational marriages is reconfiguring gendered familial obligations in the form of “daughter duty.” This article shows how economic and social remittances from dutiful village daughters who are married to foreign husbands connect local villages and communities to the global, bypassing Thai nation-state institutions and agencies that have inadequately addressed the disadvantageous position of Thailand's Isan region. This transnational process depends on daughters' (and mothers') commitment to their care work and to their role as nurturers of the family, kin, schools, temples, and community—the community being seen as a familial extension in this matrilocal society. Women's upward economic mobility and their adherence to valued filial roles contribute to the community's increased favorable acceptance of women with foreign partners, leading to a greater number of transnational marriages. This article offers a nuanced reading of the so-called phua farang phenomenon (transnational marriages) based on an analysis of transformations brought about by daughter duty and the agrarian changes taking place in villages in Thailand's Isan region as the result of the rapid growth of transnational marriages.     

韩国新农村运动的成功要因分析

韩国在韩国20世纪70年代实施的新农村运动被誉为发展中国家农村建设的成功范例。本文从韩国建国后的社会经济环境,推动主体之间形成的善治特征,变革目标和战略选择等角度,全面分析韩国新农村运动的成功要因,以及韩国经验对中国所具有的启示意义。     

Korean elites: Social networks and power

During the period of rapid industrialisation, Korean business elites sought to establish a ruling alliance of state officials, politicians, business owners, and professional managers that formed a social coalition to influence the state and society as a whole, reinforced through extensive social and political networks with various ruling groups. The elite community has generated a high degree of self-recruitment and social closure through school, marriage and kinship networks. In this way, the leading sector of the Korean business elite has formed complex, often contingent, relations with the state elite, and acts as an integral part of the upper class in society.     

苏东社会结构转型的社会学分析:阶级与阶层的视野

本文通过对苏联东欧社会变迁的实证分析,从社会结构分层的视角探索苏东社会转型的原因及过程.首先,高度工业化与城市化所导致的城乡社会结构的改变,是苏联东欧社会转型的根本原因,这是它与东亚、拉美等国或地区的社会转型具有深层关联性的一面.而农民迁移到城市的结构性流动所产生的复杂流动机制和分层机制,对苏东社会转型带来了直接的影响和冲击.苏东社会的中间阶层,其价值观、社会功能和政治态度对激进的制度转型具有不可低估的作用.其次,先是深层次的社会结构发生转变,即由农民向城市工人的阶级分层发生变化,然后才是表层的社会结构发生转变,即在市场化背景下,苏东社会的阶层分层因利益多元化而发生分化.苏东社会结构转型的具体过程明显地分为这两个阶段.     

Social Hierarchy and the Inequalities of Access: Evidence from Rural Southern Laos

The Asian Development Bank's rural road development scheme in Laos is designed to increase the opportunity for rural communities to participate in neighbouring emerging markets.Yet, this improved infrastructural strategy may result in increased social disparities betweenregions and within communities. This paper addresses the possible impact on intra-communityinequality using endowment and network data from a southern Lao commune. The objective is to analyse the way in which the village hierarchical social structure impedes individuals' ability to access emerging markets. The social hierarchy hinders the benefits of improved roads and marketisation trickling down to the poorest. Disruption to the trickledown effect means that existing rural development and anti-poverty strategies tend to favour the wealthy and well connected, and further marginalise the poor in the community. Therefore, it is crucial to recognise the importance of the village social hierarchy and define its contribution to the persistence of povertyand reinforcement of inequalities of opportunities for the rural poor. Policies need to directlytarget those of lower stratification by addressing underlying reasons for intergenerational inequalities of opportunity.     

韩国农村行政管理及制度建设的启示

本文结合作者的出访考察，从多个层面介绍并分析了韩国农村行政管理与制度建设，包括行政管理体系、郡政府的主要职能、管理权的制衡和约束机制，由此展示了韩国农村行政管理制度改革和建设的丰富成果，这是韩国农村社会和谐稳定发展的重要原因，其中有些成功经验值得学习和借鉴。     

Rural economy,environmental degradation and economic disparity: a case study in Deryabuyi,Xinjiang

Deryabuyi, a small isolated town in the Takla Makan desert in Xinjiang, China, is viewed from the perspective of its rural economy. The minority Uyghur inhabitants are similar to other rural minority communities in China. In particular, focus is placed on the digging of rabbit carrots, a medicinal herb that grows on the roots of mesquite trees. Just as the Tibetan caterpillar-fungus collection has brought cash, and problems, to rural Tibetans, the collection of rabbit carrots has brought cash to Deryabuyi. However, the loss of the ability to engage in sustainable economic activities due to environmental degradation, loss of grazing land, overharvesting of scarce resources, diversion of water resources, government neglect along with scarce and/or inadequate social services such as health care and education, and job discrimination among others, may mean the destruction of this unique cultural community. As such, Deryabuyi can be seen as a microcosm of the challenges facing rural minorities in Xinjiang and in other parts of China.     

The Public Sphere and the Rise of South Korean Civil Society

This article examines how civil society in South Korea emerged as a social force and developed a distinctive relationship with the state. It is argued that political, institutional and cultural factors are no less important than economic relations in accounting for the distinctive nature of South Korean civil society. The article explores the dialectical relationship between the state and Korean civil society and its political and social consequences. For example, the dynamic interplay between the formal and informal structures of political power and the role of various civic organisations in political and other processes of social transformation are discussed. It is argued that the complex relationship between the state and civil society should be theorised in terms of mutual empowerment and synergy in the sense that civic organisations and groups have contended for, or negotiated, power. Hence, observers should bear in mind an alternative hypothesis that different historical conditions may well determine structural changes that have diverse outcomes in the political and cultural arenas, especially in an era of globalisation.