尿中地西泮及其代谢物的气相色谱电子捕获检测法分析

目的　建立尿中地西泮及其代谢物替马西泮、去甲西泮和奥沙西泮的GC/ECD分析方法。方法　尿样经β 葡萄糖醛酸酶水解后 ,用有机溶剂提取 ,再以N ,O 双三甲硅烷基三氟乙酰胺进行衍生化 ,衍生物用GC/ECD法分析。结果　检材中分析物的回收率 70 %以上 ,检出限 5ng/ml以下。结论　本法可进行口服地西泮 10mg人体 48h内尿液中地西泮代谢物的分析。     

分子印迹固相萃取技术-液相色谱法测定鱼塘水中2甲4氯苯氧乙酸

目的建立分子印迹固相萃取技术对鱼塘水中2甲4氯苯氧乙酸进行提取和分析的方法。方法以2甲4氯分子印迹聚合物为固相萃取材料,对鱼塘水中2甲4氯进行分离提取,洗脱液直接进行液相色谱分析。结果鱼塘水中MCPA的提取率在80%以上,检出限0.040μg/mL,在0.2μg/mL～2.0μg/mL范围内线性关系良好。结论该方法的准确度和精密度较好,适合实际发生案件的检测分析。     

GC／MS法检验血液中双甲脒及其代谢产物

目的建立血液中双甲脒及其代谢产物单甲脒的气质联用定量检测方法。方法采用液-液萃取前处理,考察了不同的提取溶剂和pH值对检测结果的影响,优化了萃取条件。结果在最优条件下,该方法对双甲脒和单甲脒的检出限分别为2ng/mL和3ng／mL,两种目标物在20～2000ng／mL范围内线性关系良好（砰分别为0．9997和0．9992）,血液中双甲脒和单甲脒的回收率为8l％～90％。结论该方法具有良好的灵敏度、重现性、稳定性和专属性,可用于法庭科学与临床学的毒物分析。     

GC/MS法快速分析鱼塘水中的硫丹

目的建立一种快速、高效、便捷、绿色的分析方法来分析鱼塘水中的硫丹。方法在该实验中采用分散液液微萃取的方法来提取鱼塘水中的硫丹,该方法是一个新型的预处理方法,首先将最合适的分散剂和萃取剂快速的注射到样品溶液中,随即形成了悬浊液。由于在悬浊液中萃取剂能迅速的分散到样品溶液中并与被分析物充分接触,被分析物能很快的从样品溶液中转移到萃取剂中完成萃取过程,经过离心后,沉积物直接用GC-MS进行分析。同时还对本方法中分散剂和萃取剂种类、用量以及萃取时间等重要的实验参数进行考察优化。结果在优化的实验条件下,鱼塘水中硫丹的回收率基本能达到90%以上,检出限为0.005μg/m L,定量限为0.017μg/m L,在0.02~0.20μg/m L的z范围内线性关系良好。结论该方法的准确度和精密度较好,操作简便、快捷、绿色环保,能够基本适合鱼塘投毒案件中硫丹的分析检测。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定血液中乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷

目的建立血液中乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷（ethyl glucuronide,EtG）的气相色谱-串联质谱（GC-MS/MS）测定方法。方法血液用乙腈沉淀蛋白,离心后,将上清液转移吹干,残留物经N,O-双（三甲基硅烷基）三氟乙酰胺衍生化,用GC-MS/MS进行检测。结果血液中EtG的检出限为0.05μg/mL,线性范围为0.1～10μg/mL（r=0.9999）。对送检案例血液检材进行EtG检测,效果良好。结论本方法适用于血液中EtG的检测。     

尿中苯丙胺、甲基苯丙胺、MDA和MDMA的固相微萃取和GC/MS/SIM测定

目的研究固相微萃取(SPME)用于尿中苯丙胺(AMP)、甲基苯丙胺(MET)、3,4-亚甲二氧基苯丙胺(MDA)和3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺(MDMA)的提取。方法样品调节至碱性和用盐饱和后用顶空SPME,内标为MET-d5。萃取纤维为100μm聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)。用气质联用选择离子检测(GC/MS/SIM)。结果0.2μg/ml加标尿样,AMP、MET、MDA和MDMA的富集倍数分别为22,60,13和47。检出限(S/N=3)为0.4～9.5ng/ml。线性范围为0.05～1μg/ml。0.2、0.5和1.0μg/ml加标尿样,相对回收率77.9%～112.4%,变异系数2.7%～18.0%(n=5)。用该方法分析5个案件样品,和常规液液萃取结果接近。结论顶空SPME法用于尿中AMP、MET、MDA和MDMA等化合物的分析,无需有机溶剂,富集效率高,提取-富集-进样一体化,简单方便实用。     

HS-SPME-GC/MS法检测尿液及毛发中苯丙胺类毒品

目的采用顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）、GC/MS分析方法,对生物样品中苯丙胺（AM）、甲基苯丙胺（MAM）、3,4-亚甲二氧基苯丙胺（MDA）和3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺（MDMA）4种苯丙胺类毒品进行定性定量分析。方法在碱性和饱和盐处理状态下,采用100μm聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）萃取纤维,于顶空瓶中进行生物样品AM、MAM、MDA、MDMA 4种毒品萃取,以2-甲基苯乙胺为内标,经气-质联用选择离子检测（GC/MS/SIM）模式进行定性定量分析。对HS-SPME条件优化,对方法的精密度、准确度和检出限进行测定。结果 AM、MAM、MDA、MDMA 4种毒品尿液中的最低检出限为5ng/mL,毛发中的最低检出限为0.5ng/mg。尿液中线性关系范围为0.05μg/mL~5μg/mL,r〉0.991,回收率为82%~108%,RSD为2.6%~6.1%（n=5）;毛发中线性关系范围为5ng/mg~500ng/mg,r〉0.992,回收率为80%~113%,RSD（%）为1.4%~6.8%（n=5）。结论 HS-SPME-GC/MS各项定量参数符合分析要求。该方法简单、灵活、经济、快速、无溶剂,适用于生物检材中该类毒品的分析。     

电场促进下的固相微萃取-GC/MS法测定尿中的苯丙胺类兴奋剂

目的采用电场促进下的固相微萃取(EE-SPME)-GC/MS分析方法,对尿中苯丙胺(AM)、甲基苯丙胺(MA)、3,4-(亚甲二氧基)苯丙胺(MDA)、3,4-(亚甲二氧基)甲基苯丙胺(MDMA)和3,4-(亚甲二氧基)乙基苯丙胺(MDEA)5种苯丙胺类兴奋剂进行定性定量分析。方法通过向萃取纤维附近引入阴极,促使样品溶液中的目标物阳离子向萃取纤维附近迁移,从而提高了PDMS涂层在温和条件下对苯丙胺类兴奋剂的萃取效率。对EE-SPME条件进行优化,以4-苯基丁胺(4-PBA)为内标,在气-质仪联用选择离子检测(GC/MS/SIM)模式下进行定性定量分析。结果本方法的检出限为0.1～1.2ng/mL,线性范围为1～200ng/mL,相关系数为0.990～0.997,三个加标水平(5、50、100ng/mL)下的回收率为86%～110%,精密度可达3.6%～8.7%。结论该方法灵敏、准确、对环境绿色友好,并且操作简便。     

眠尔通中毒检材的固相萃取法

眠尔通（Miltown）是一种应用广泛的安定剂，常见于服毒或投毒。作者对眠尔通中毒检材，采用固相萃取技术（SPE），同时选用烯丙异丙巴比妥为内标物加入中毒检材中，进行监控，用气相色谱进行分析。与通常的液—液萃取法比较，具有简便、快速、准确的特点。现报道如下。实验部分一、仪器与试剂日本岛津GC9A气相色谱仪；吸附剂GDX—403（天津市化学试剂二厂），颗粒度80～100目，本品经甲醇洗至230～320nm，吸光值小于0．1，烘干备用；其它试剂均为分析纯。二、方法及步骤1．固相萃取方法（1）去蛋白处理。于10ml具塞离心试管中加入1g中…     

血中苯酚及甲酚的固相萃取-GC/MS分析

用固相萃取－GC／MS对人血中的酚和甲酚进行定性和定量分析。采用GDX403对分析物和邻氯酚（内标）进行固相萃取，并采集总离子流色谱。根据分析物在血中的浓度，通过总离子流色谱峰的质谱和保留时间或特征离子质量色谱峰保留时间进行定性分析。实验采用特征离子质量色谱进行定量分析，线性范围0．02～10μg／ml。本方法检测限为10ng／ml，CV％为2.11～4.20％，分析物和内标的萃取率为68．6～89．5％，血中添加测定回收率为97．8～104％。本法测定健康人血中苯酚含量为2．2±0．4μg／ml．     

Simultaneous gas chromatography/mass spectrometry assay of methadone and 2-ethyl-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) in urine

An efficient extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) procedure has been developed for the simultaneous determination of methadone and 2-ethyl-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine in urine samples. The merits of this procedure include (1) effective high-volume sample processing; (2) excellent gas chromatography characteristics; (3) high precision for quantitative methadone determination--1.0% coefficient of variation (CV) for GC/MS injection replicates and 1.2% for extraction replicates; (4) excellent linearity within the range (0 to 1200 ng/mL) studied; and (5) adequate detection limits (50 ng/mL) for most practical purposes. The detection limit for methadone may be improved 40-fold by using a different internal standard.     

Transfer of nitroglycerine to hands during contact with commercial explosives

The techniques of thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography with electron capture detection, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to analyze hand swab extracts for the presence of nitroglycerine. Both the amount of nitroglycerine transferred to the hands after handling commercial explosives and its persistence were measured. Gas chromatography-electron capture detection was found to be the most accurate and sensitive technique for making such determinations, especially if the extract was partially purified by thin-layer chromatography prior to analysis. The lowest limit of detection was 10 ng of nitroglycerine, and residues could be detected over 20 h after handling the raw explosive.     

Toxicological analysis of thiamylal in biological materials by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

A reliable and sensitive method to analyze thiamylal in biological materials was developed, using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A quantitative determination was made by use of mass fragmentography with the lower detection limit of 0.01 microgram/g. Thiopental was used as the internal standard. Distribution of the drug in the blood and body tissues of rats was examined. The method was then used to detect thiamylal in tissues from an autopsied patient and concentration of this drug in the body materials was evaluated, from medico-legal aspects.     

Determination of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in water and human urine by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography/quadrupole ion trap spectrometry

A simple method of detection was developed for gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). The method involves the derivatization of GHB using a hexyl-chloroformate procedure in aqueous media (such as water or urine), extraction of the derivatization product directly from the sample using solid-phase microextraction, and subsequent separation and detection with gas chromatography quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. The deuterated form of GHB (GHB-D6) is used as an internal standard for quantitation. The method was linear for GHB-spiked pure water samples from 2 to 150 microg/mL GHB with a detection limit of 0.2 microg/mL. Spiked urine samples showed linearity from 5 to 500 microg/mL GHB with a detection limit of 2 microg/mL. The SPME-GC/MS method is applied to actual case samples, and the results are compared to those values obtained using a conventional GC/MS method. Sensitivity and linearity are comparable to those seen using traditional methods of separation, yet the SPME method is superior due to the simplicity, speed of analysis, reduction in solvent waste, and ability to differentiate between GHB and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL).     

衍生化-液相色谱-质谱联用测定血中氟乙酸类杀鼠剂

目的建立血中氟乙酸类杀鼠剂衍生化-液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱质谱分析方法。方法血样经乙腈沉淀蛋白后离心,上清液中加入衍生化试剂α-溴苯乙酮和催化剂四丁基溴化铵,在60℃水浴中加热90min,衍生化产物直接进行液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱质谱联用分析。结果血中氟乙酸根浓度在0.15μg/mL～15.40μg/mL之间具有良好的线性关系,最低检出限为0.020μg/mL。结论本文建立的方法操作简便、灵敏、快速,适用于刑事案件中氟乙酸类杀鼠剂的快速检验。     

Detection of methamphetamine and amphetamine in a skeletonized body buried for 5 years

A 28-year-old male methamphetamine abuser, who had been buried for 5 years after being killed by strangulation, was found skeletonized. Methamphetamine and amphetamine in the significantly denatured fatty material of the bone marrow were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The confirmation of the chemicals was carried out by chemical ionization (CI) mass chromatography, CI mass spectrometry and CI mass fragmentography. The concentrations of methamphetamine and amphetamine determined by CI mass fragmentography were 1.0 mumol/100 g and 0.1 mumol/100 g, respectively. The method used would seem to be very useful for determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine in marked putrefied biological materials.     

The determination of cocaine and its major metabolite, benzoylecgonine, in postmortem fluids and tissues by computerized gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

An analytical procedure for the simultaneous determination of both cocaine and benzoylecgonine in postmortem fluid and tissue samples has been developed by using computerized gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography using a nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) detector. Both methods are accurate and sensitive and allow the determination of tissue concentrations of cocaine and benzoylecgonine as low as 0.015 microgram/mL.     

The comparison of toluene determination between headspace-solid phase microextraction and headspace methods in glue-sniffer's blood and urine samples

An accurate and simple method was developed to determine the level of toluene in urine and blood quantitatively by using the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with headspace--solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) technique. An assembly of SPME with a replaceable extraction fiber, coated with 100 microm polydimethylsiloxane, was used. The detection limit of toluene in blood and urine with HS-SPME technique was 10 times higher than that with headspace (HS) technique. To compare the HS-SPME with HS technique for the determination of toluene in biological fluids, blood and urine samples from glue sniffers were analyzed by both methods. The level of toluene by the two techniques was highly correlated: the correlation coefficient (r2) between the two sets of values were 0.98 and 0.96 in urine and blood, respectively.     

Gas chromatography/tandem mass-spectrometry assay for trace amounts of 3'-hydroxystanozolol

3'-Hydroxystanosolol detection in biological fluids at pg levels by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry is described. Gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry results can be confirmed with gas chromatography/tandem mass-spectrometry.     

头发中异烟肼代谢产物的气相色谱/质谱法分析

本文用气相色谱/质谱法,对头发中异烟肼的代谢产物乙酰异烟肼进行了定性定量分析。头发中乙酰异烟肼的含量为3. 2ng/mg,平均回收率为84. 6％,最低检出限量为5ng。本文报导的方法简便、迅速、灵敏