几种交通事故痕迹鉴定类型的鉴定要点

道路交通事故痕迹鉴定主要可以分为是否与其它车辆发生过碰撞鉴定和碰撞形态鉴定两种类型。道路交通事故痕迹鉴定可以从车与车、车与人、车与客体物的相互关系来进行判断。通过对2000例道路交通事故痕迹鉴定的案例进行回顾性的研究,应用痕迹检验方法对车辆及其它客体物的痕迹进行检验比对分析,总结出道路交通事故痕迹鉴定的具体鉴定要点。     

基于痕迹检验的交通事故再现鉴定案例分析

交通事故再现是确定交通事故责任和事故成因的方法之一。在利用事故再现仿真软件进行交通事故再现过程中,应以交通事故现场痕迹的客观事实为依据。结合一起汽车与两轮车碰撞的交通事故案例,通过交通事故现场痕迹检验,分析交通事故形态,确定相关仿真再现参数。利用PC-crash软件,建立汽车、两轮车和人体模型,进行事故重建,并利用路面痕迹、车体痕迹、人体痕迹等对再现结果进行了验证。在鉴定中将事故过程再现与现场痕迹鉴定结合起来,提高了交通事故鉴定的客观性和科学性。     

钢丝表面线性痕迹的形成及检验

本文简要探讨了钢丝表面线性痕迹的形成机理、特定性、出现率以及相关痕迹的综合利用等问题.用案例说明钢丝表面线性痕迹检验鉴定的可行性和利用价值.     

关于刑事技术痕迹的研究与探讨

刑事技术痕迹检验是公安人员在处理刑事案件过程中的重要帮手,是公安人员对案件现场进行侦查中不可或缺的方法。痕迹是指事物运动后所留下的印象或印迹。痕迹检验是公安通过对案发现场所认真检查所发现的各类痕迹进行检验和鉴定,并通过痕迹检验的鉴定结果对案发经过进行分析和推断,以便发现对调查案件有所帮助的线索。痕迹检验技术可以提高侦破案件的成功率,能够更有力的打击犯罪分子、保护公民及其财产的安全,从而促进和谐社会的发展,为社会稳定提供了保障。刑事痕迹检验技术为司法机关制裁犯罪分子提供有力的证据。     

交通事故中轮胎爆破痕迹的检验与应用

车辆轮胎爆破在交通事故中较为常见,对爆胎痕迹进行检验和鉴定,弄清爆胎原因,在查明事故真相和责任认定中起着至关重要的作用。由于爆胎痕迹形成机理和原因复杂,检验鉴定的难度较大。通过对各类爆胎痕迹的形态特征及其差异的讨论,提出了交通事故中爆胎痕迹的检验要点。     

51—1式手枪弹弹头阳膛线痕迹变宽机理探讨

根据实际案例中出现51-1式手枪弹弹头阳膛线痕迹“变宽”的现象,通过大量试验证实变宽的可能,并从力学角度分析51-1式手枪弹弹头变宽的机理,提出了在这类弹头的检验鉴定中,必须考虑由于膛线痕迹变宽影响鉴定准确性的问题。     

计算机模拟再现道路交通事故特点分析

目的将计算机仿真技术应用于道路交通事故鉴定领域，实现道路交通事故发生过程及当事人致伤方式的重建。方法基于对事故现场痕迹、车辆损坏和人体损伤等检验鉴定，利用事故再现软件及高性能计算机计算分析，对40起真实事故的碰撞过程及致伤方式进行重建分析，并以2起典型案例进行说明。结果事故再现效果与现场痕迹、车辆痕迹、人体损伤痕迹有关；40起事故再现中．28起符合性好，9起较好，3起欠理想；碰撞过程的准确再现有助于对致伤方式进行分析。结论计算机仿真模拟重建道路交通事故的发生过程及当事人的致伤方式在辅助道路交通事故鉴定中具有应用价值。     

关于车辆碾压人体的鉴定

目的 判断车辆是否碾压过人体.方法 应用痕迹检验的方法对车体及轮胎的痕迹进行检验,并结合人体损伤特征进行分析.结果 车辆碾压人体鉴定的具体方法.结论 车辆碾压人体鉴定可以通过车体痕迹、轮胎花纹与人体及衣物上的印痕比对、人体损伤特征等方面进行判断.     

尸表印痕的检验鉴定

本文作者首次运用痕迹检验理论研究了尸表印痕的形成机制,论证了对尸表印痕进行检验鉴定的科学性和可行性,并从应用的角度介绍了对尸表印痕进行提取、固定、检验和鉴定的方法,具有重要的实践意义。     

车辆部件损坏与事故关系的技术鉴定

目的通过一起交通事故车辆转向器总成损坏与事敞关系鉴定的案例,介绍如何对车辆部件损坏情况与事故发生是否有关进行技术鉴定。方法从痕迹学、车辆工程学等方面,对提供的检材进行检验,根据检验结果,结合转向器总成构造及工作原理,对事故车辆转向器损坏与事故关系进行综合分析。结果排除了事故车辆因转向器故障而诱发事故的可能性。结论道路交通事故车辆部件损坏与事故关系鉴定需要多学科、多专业的技术支撑。     

传真文件检验技术及标准探讨

通过对传真机工作原理和性能的分析,判断传真文件痕迹特征的形成方式和过程,对传真文件检验的方法和技术进行系统研究,归纳出传真文件检验的要点,并提出了制定传真文件检验标准的必要性和可行性。     

Reconstruction of the sitting position in automobiles by microtrace analysis

Three car accidents are described in which microtrace analysis was of special significance in the clarification of the seating positions. In all three cases the occupants were under the influence of alcohol. In each case the accident occurred at night and without witnesses. The pattern of injuries in two cases was non-specific. In the first case, no fiber traces were visible to the naked eye; in the other two the fibers were recognizable to the naked eye after close examination. In all three cases, the seating position was ascertained by means of fiber trace analysis.     

Statistical analysis of DNA mixtures using peak area information and allelic drop out

A case of a woman killed in Perugia is reported. The woman was beaten to death and the body showed evidence of bites, kicks and punches. The request of the Court was to verify the presence of bites and if they belonged to humans. Morphological examination and genetic analysis with human Y-specific markers were performed in order to verify the origin of the bites. The DNA profile from the surrounded area of the traces was compared with the profile of the victim's husband (the suspect).The results showed a match between the profile of the suspect and that of the traces for all loci examined. Due to the fact that also other relatives of the husband's male lineage lived in the same house, it was not possible to identify the man who really contributed to the traces. Therefore, the analysis was implemented with autosomal STR markers, which showed a mixed genetic profile. In order to verify the number and the identity of the contributors, statistical analysis based upon peak area information was performed with Probabilistic Expert Systems.     

系统检验方法在可疑文件鉴定中运用

通过对近年来成功解决的几起可疑文件鉴定的典型案例分析,较详细地阐述在文件鉴定实践中,如何运用系统检验的思想,通过可疑文件上留下的细微变造痕迹,巧妙识别可疑文件的伪造手段和方法,为法庭提供科学、可信的证据,取信于法官、律师及当事人,使得案件最终圆满审结.在面对某些疑难案件的鉴定中,在鉴定思路和方法上对文件检验人员,有一定的启示作用.     

Examining the effects of paper type, pen type, writing pressure and angle of intersection on white and dark dominance in ESDA impressions of sequenced strokes--an application of the likelihood ratio

Questioned document casework can occasionally involve the sequencing of impressions. Although some conclusions can be drawn from looking at ESDA traces of intersections there is currently no way of assessing the strength of the observations made in any given case. Using a range of paper and pen types this work examines points of intersection and evaluates the results statistically in order judge the value of the results obtained.     

基于单车事故车速鉴定的取证技术

车速鉴定正成为道路交通事故司法鉴定的重要项目。单车事故由于其特殊性往往简单化处理。单车事故主要类型包括碰撞护栏、侧翻与坠崖等。单车事故车速鉴定原理主要是基于能量守恒定律。在分析三类事故常用鉴定计算公式基础上,对其取证要点进行了探究,包括护栏变形、车辆变形、圆周运动半径、坠车飞行距离等测量。并指出其他事故现场痕迹物证要素的测量对于车速鉴定可以起到辅助佐证的作用。     

The effect of electrostatic fingerprint visualization on integrated ballistic identification systems

Visualization of fingerprint corrosion on spent brass cartridge cases by the application of a high electrical potential and conducting carbon powder is becoming an accepted method of fingerprint enhancement. However, to date, no examination has been made of any effect this technique has on ballistic identification. To resolve this, images of the breech face and firing pin marks were captured on six plated nickel and six brass primer cup spent cartridge cases. Three nickel and three brass cases were then subjected to the application of a potential of +2500 V for a period of 1 min. The remaining cases were additionally subjected to the application of carbon powder. These latter cases were then washed to remove all traces of powder. Each case was recaptured with the same ballistic identification apparatus and imaging procedure. None of the twelve cases showed any visual difference after the application of the potential or conducting powder.