韩国政府绩效评估及其对中国的借鉴意义

20世纪90年代,韩国政府启动了以创建廉价、高效和服务型政府为目标的行政改革。为推动行政改革和提高政府绩效,韩国政府开展了一系列绩效评估的实践,包括成立政府经营诊断委员会、加强政府绩效审计、推行制度评估和以目标管理为基础的公务员绩效评估制度以及制定实施政府绩效评估框架法案等。韩国政府绩效评估对我国政府绩效评估制度建设有重要的借鉴意义:要把政府绩效评估与行政改革结合起来;提高公民对绩效评估的参与度;要重视对公务员个人的绩效评估;绩效评估要与管理模式相适应;绩效评估要制度化和规范化。     

优化政府绩效评估的几点思考

政府绩效评估是政府管理的核心内容,已引起我国理论界和实践界的关注。优化政府绩效评估,需要完善政府绩效评估指标体系,全面提升政府绩效;明确政府绩效评估主体,确保政府绩效评估的全面、客观与公正;改进政府绩效评估方式,提高政府绩效评估工作的质量、效率和水平。     

地方政府绩效评估困境三维分析

如果把地方政府绩效评估看作因变量,价值、技术与体制就是它的自变量。我国地方政府绩效评估的困境表现为:在价值取向上面临着官本与人本、管制与服务、经济增长与公平分配等多元价值冲突;在技术上面临构建评估指标体系、绩效评估量化等难题;在体制上面临着官僚制与"政治上位的政治与行政一体化"的窘境。     

论政府绩效评估的定位及指标体系构建

随着中国政治经济改革的不断深入和社会主义市场经济的快速发展,对政府绩效进行衡量和评估也逐步成为公众和政府的共识。政府绩效评估作为公共管理过程中的一项重要治理方式,是一种市场责任机制,也是提高政府合法性的有效工具。有效的政府绩效评估的基础是要有合理的绩效评估指标体系,我们可以从经济、质量、公平、稳定等四个方面构筑政府绩效评估的指标体系。     

地方政府绩效评估的"南通模式":效应、瓶颈及努力方向

基于目标导向的地方政府绩效评估的“南通模式”具有十分明显的传递效应、导向效应和监督效应。同时，也存在着指标体系没有充分体现现代政府绩效评估的要求、政府绩效评估工作机制有待统一完善、政府绩效考核的方法和工具比较单一、政府绩效考核的结果运用不够全面等亟待消除的难点与瓶颈。完善基于目标导向的地方政府绩效评估模式的主要路径是：以科学发展观指导地方政府绩效评估、完善政府绩效评估工作机制、将政府绩效评估从技术方法提升到制度安排、深化地方政府绩效评估结果运用等。     

论我国政府绩效评估体系的构建

政府绩效评估是当今许多国家提高政府效能、改善政府形象的行之有效的工具和方法。对政府绩效进行科学评估,有助于强化政府及公务员自律,提高政府效能,深化行政体制改革。     

我国政府绩效评估“双e螺旋循环”模式的构建

正确的政府绩效评估方法是提高政府绩效评估科学性,增强绩效评估结果可靠性的根本保障。绩效棱柱模型是20世纪末提出的应用于企业绩效管理的模型,其中,有许多概念方法同样适用于政府绩效评估。在绩效棱柱模型的基础上,综合国内外政府绩效评估方法,尝试提出的一种新型的政府绩效评估模式——"双e螺旋循环"模式,力求汲取各类模型及方法的可取之处,规避各类方法的不足,进而更好地完善我国政府绩效评估工作。     

试论当前我国地方政府绩效评估体制的创新

当前我国地方政府绩效评估体制存在一些问题,为此,要通过立法使地方政府绩效评估走上法制化、规范化和经常化的轨道;要培育和完善多元化的政府绩效评估主体,建立多重评估机制;同时要把地方政府绩效评估作为深化行政管理体制改革的一项重要内容.     

论我国政府绩效评估组织体系的优化

政府绩效评估的组织体系影响和制约着政府绩效评估功能的发挥。在借鉴西方国家的经验和总结我国各地政府绩效评估实践经验的基础上,本文提出了加强政府绩效评估立法、充分发挥各级审计机关在政府绩效评估中的作用和培育民间第三方政府绩效评估组织等三项政府绩效评估组织体系优化策略。     

地方政府绩效考评指标量化设计创新——基于江苏省13个地方政府考评指标体系的实证研究

我国地方政府绩效考评指标量化存在的问题是定性与定量考评指标不能有效结合,量化考评指标不能契合每个公务员工作性质。我国地方政府绩效考评指标量化设计应更加客观、公正地评价出地方政府公务员的"德、能、勤、绩、廉",让绩效考评制度真正做到"奖勤罚懒"。地方政府创新模式有:组织战略、部门战略、个体工作目标"三位一体"的关键绩效指标法模式;分级分类绩效考评指标量化模式;考评周期的分级分类量化设计。地方政府考评指标量化创新顺利实施的必要保障包括:战略目标的清晰界定、岗位职责的清晰界定、计算机信息系统的辅助和地方政府一把手的强势推动。     

Performance Appraisal or Performance Development? a Tale of Two Schemes

After reviewing some of the literature on performance appraisal, this evaluation presents a case study of the introduction of two related schemes in a single Australian government agency. The reasons one was successful and the other less so included the ownership by the agency of the successful scheme; its rapid implementation; and its focus on development rather than appraisal     

Long-Term Performance of Political Parties

Abstract

Whilst politicians can “buy” votes in the short-term, most political parties are more interested in maintaining power over a period of years in order to implement their policies. This paper explores whether political parties can be considered to possess long-term competitive resources that sustain their competitive advantages. It employs the well-established strategic management concept of the Resource-Based View of strategy development for this purpose. Because such a concept has not previously been applied to political parties, the paper begins by considering the nature of the competition that exists between political parties and the role of resources in developing superior political performance. A series of theoretical propositions about why some parties maintain political power and influence for lengthy periods is then developed. We argue that the competitive resources of a political party such as its policies, leadership, organisational and communications skills require long-term investment and development, rejecting the notion that long-term electoral success is based primarily on the promises and resources deployed in the final election campaign.     

From Performance Budgeting to Performance Budget Management: Theory and Practice

This article examines the decades‐long practices of performance budgeting in different countries and their associated challenges from a multilayered institutional framework. Based on theory and lessons learned, the article recommends an array of strategies to address institutional and organizational barriers. It also proposes to reconceptualize performance budgeting as a performance budget management system and suggests how multiyear budget planning, financial risk assessment, policy planning, the departmental budget cycle, the program budget cycle, stakeholder engagement, regular spending reviews, and performance audits should be integrated more closely to address the long‐term fiscal challenges faced by many governments and to respond to the public pressure on agencies to do more with less.     

The Demand Side of Performance Measurement: Explaining Councillors' Utilization of Performance Information in Policymaking

ABSTRACT

The article's starting point is that the persuasiveness of arguments for and against performance information's usefulness for elected representatives in government is limited by a lack of empirical evidence. Based on survey data from Norwegian local government, the article identifies factors that condition the extent to which councillors search for performance information when faced with decision dilemmas. One such factor is within-polity rank; frontbenchers are more inclined than backbenchers to search for performance information. A second factor is education; the best educated councillors are least inclined to search for performance information. A third factor is political experience; inexperienced councillors are most inclined to search for performance information. Theoretical and practical implications of these and other findings are discussed.     

Using Comparative Performance Measurement

Book reviewed:
Elaine Morley, Scott P. Bryant, and Harry P. Hatry, Comparative Performance Measurement