建构责任政府的另一视角：完善行政诉讼受案范围

强化政府责任,推行依法行政是建设现代法治国家的重要内容之一。责任政府的建构必须与我国的法治建设相结合,追究行政责任,必须完善行政诉讼法,尤其是完善行政诉讼受案范围。公民充分享有诉权,是实现政府权力本位向公民权利本位转变的基本条件。为此,建立责任政府需要完善行政诉讼受案范围,从而有助于更好地保障公民基本权利。     

建立公共财政制度构建公共服务型政府

现代国家的发展都内涵着财政转型，现代社会公共产品的供给必需公共财政。构建服务型政府是中国政府改革和发展的重要目标，而政府公共服务职能发挥所赖以建立的基础就是公共财政的确立。公共财政因其内在性质和基本结构，已不仅是一项经济制度，更是一项政治制度，当前，建设服务型政府必须立足于公共财政这一制度基础。     

论警察权的重构

现代法治的核心是制约国家权力,保障公民权利。建立在市场经济基础之上的法治政府必然要求规范、限制警察权,从而最大限度地保障公民权。随着传统体制向社会主义市场经济的转型,我国当前警察权力结构体系中与建设法治政府目标不协调的方面日益凸显。因此,从对警察权的规制入手,探讨以建立社会主义民主法治为目的、以市场经济要求为导向的警察权的重新构建就显得非常重要。     

证人拒绝作证权的价值与立法建议

证人拒绝作证制度作为现代法治国家的一项重要证据制度,在世界许多国家的证据立法中都已明确规定,而我国目前对此立法却尚未确立.这项制度旨在保障人权和实现法律价值的多元化,该制度具有良好的人性基础和法律传统基础,并且符合现代法律的效益价值观.因此,尽快确立证人拒绝作证制度对进一步完善我国法律具有重要意义.     

简论"好政府"

自从有了国家以后,好的政府便成为人们所期望的理想的政治管理模式,这一点古今中外概莫例外.我国古代称之的"善政"、"仁政",当代西方国家治理所倡导的"Good government",都是好的政府的意思.好的政府的建立必须严格遵循主权在民、权力分立并制衡以及法治的原则;同时,好的政府应树立民主政府、责任政府、服务政府、公开政府、廉洁政府和效益政府的理念.     

依法行政的历史步伐

麦迪逊在《联邦党人文集》中曾经说过,建设一个政府,最难之处在于它首先必须有能力控制被统治者,其次还必须能够控制政府自身。实现对被统治者的控制,有权力就够了,但要实现对政府自身的控制,则必须要有法治。失去法律的权威与约束,权力就会恣意妄为。因而,我们说在现代国家中,法治是区分民主国家和专制国家的一个重要指标。而依法行政原本就是法治的应有之意,甚至可以说是法治的核心内容。在我国的政治生活中,法治发展的一个重要界标是党在十五大上确立了依法治国、建设社会主义法治国家的基本方略,而后九届全国人大二次会议将这一治国方略…     

法治政府的理论分析及其制度、能力构建

法治政府中的政府和政府官员没有"权力"而只有"职责",政府和政府官员不是"领导"而是"公仆";"服务政府"与"法治政府"同义,是社会学的表述;"有限政府"与"法治政府"同义,是政治学的表述。基于"职责"和"公仆"身份的法治政府体制必须建立在"为社会服务"的八个方面,同时必须职责分明,健全完善政府工作绩效评价制度;基于"职责"和"公仆"身份的法治政府必须建立依法行政、行政行为规范化、高度负责、高度透明的政府工作机制。高超的行政技术也是法治政府的基本属性之一,新时期的法治政府必须注重高科技、高效率、精细化行政能力的建构。     

责任政府构建与政府生态责任

责任政府作为一种政府模式,是由政府的责任价值理念、责任制度安排和责任操作行为所构成的有机统一体。而责任政府的构建应当是指在我国现代政府范式系统中,责任政府操作范式以及与之相关的所有政府范式内容的构建与实现。政府生态责任担当的宏观路径则主要表现为:树立与内化政府生态责任担当的观念路径;建立与健全政府生态责任担当的规则路径;确立与优化政府生态责任担当的操作路径。     

民主与法治:深化政府预算制度改革的必由之路

政府预算改革成功与否,直接关系到政府改革以及公共财政体制改革的最终成败。市场经济发达国家的 实践表明,推进政府预算制度建设,必须与民主和法治建设配套进行。没有完善的民主体制与法治,就不可能建立起真正 意义上的现代政府预算制度。因此,进一步深化政府预算制度改革,民主与法治必须先行。     

用市场经济理论改革现代政府

市场经济是当今世界大多数国家确立和选择的经济体制形式。传统的管制行政造成了多方面的消极作用和负面影响，与市场经济的要求相悖。鉴于市场经济是自主经济、竞争经济和法治经济，因而，政府改革的目标应确定为有限政府、中立政府和法治政府。     

Accountability from the perspective of the forum: citizens’ attitudes towards accountability in Europe

The aim of this article is to analyse citizens’ attitudes towards governmental accountability in 24 European countries and to examine the influence of contextual and individual factors on perceptions of accountability. Using as a dataset the 2012 European Social Survey, the results show that citizens respond positively when the media provides reliable information on which to judge the government, when individuals perceive that governments perform well, when individuals live in more extensive and generous welfare states and when they live in countries where the rule of law is firmly established. In addition, the findings also provide evidence that compared to politically left-wing citizens, right-wing supporters have, on average, a higher perception of governmental accountability. In particular, the findings show strong positive evaluations of right-wing governments by right-wing voters in comparison with left-wing governments by left-wing voters.     

责任政府：一个分析框架

从开放和相互依存的角度分析了责任政府的定义、责任的来源、责任履行的要素以及失职带来的后果。政府责任是国家职能的具体化。在现代民主政治中,民主授权和行政授权是政府责任的来源。而民主授权是权力的根本来源。随着全球化进程的推进,政府不仅要承担传统意义上的国内管理职能,还要承担国际义务。对于中国政府来说,责任的履行必须放在制度转型背景下考虑,处理好改革、发展和稳定是政府的核心责任。政府责任是由责任主体、责任客体(或责任对象)、责任实现形式以及责任实现的约束机制诸要素组成的,因此政府失职是这些要素间关系的失衡。要使政府责任得到有效履行,必须强化民主选举制度、明确政府内部各部门责权、扩大公民参与、完善监督机制,还要提高官员能力,树立公共责任意识和精神。从长远来看,建立一种公共责任文化更具有持久性。     

THE POWER OF THE PURSE AND BUDGETARY ACCOUNTABILITY: EXPERIENCES FROM SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS IN CHINA

Accountability is the cornerstone of fiscal administration. This research studies the relationship between accountability and the sharing of budgetary power. We found that the accountability in China is supported by the superior of bureaucratic power, instead of the comprehensiveness of various accountability components. The implication is that the accountability is facilitated in terms of emphasising to whom government officials are accountable within the chain of command, reducing goal conflicts and improving strategic goal attainment. However, it is hindered at the same time in terms of lacking evaluations perceived to be impartial, limited room for democratic accountability, over‐implementation of policies at all costs, and weak comprehensive awareness of ‘accountable for what’ (as long as it is a policy direction from the top). The structure of the power of the purse both enables and limits the tone and terrain of budget accountability in particular and government accountability in general. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Transparency and accountability: principles and rules for the construction of publicity

Western countries have experienced a growing demand for accountability as a key element to the democratization of the State. This demand has given rise to an advocacy towards a transparency of State institutions and its subsequent public policies. This advocacy, in turn, aims to make governments accountable before the public. The goal of this article is to establish a critical perspective towards what we call transparency policy in favor of what we call publicity policy. The latter provides a normative argument for the concept of accountability aimed towards a deeper democracy and stronger public management processes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ordering Stakeholder Relationships and Citizen Participation: Evidence from the Community Development Block Grant Program

Local administrative professionals typically are accountable to multiple stakeholders, including other governmental units, special interests in the business and nonprofit sectors, and citizens. How are these accountability relationships ordered? What is the position of citizens in that hierarchy, particularly the influence of citizen participation? Focusing on patterns of hearing participation and citizen impact on budgeting decisions for the Community Development Block Grant program, this statistical analysis employs ordered probit regression. The authors find that communities in which grant administrators feel most accountable to citizens for grant performance have higher degrees of citizen participation in hearings and higher levels of perceived citizen impact on budgetary processes. This relationship holds even in the presence of simultaneity between bureaucratic accountability to citizens and citizen participation. The findings point to the importance of instilling a public service ethic among government employees that places a high value on engaging as well as listening to citizens.     

Delimiting Democratic Accountability

This article discusses the concept of accountability in relation to those holding public office in democratic states. It argues that the concept of accountability requires careful specification and that it is frequently distorted when put to the service of theoretical models and normative principles. The article develops a definition of accountability and a range of distinctions between forms of accountability, asks what forms of accountability might be appropriate to modern democratic systems and argues that some combinations of democracy and accountability can have serious negative consequences for politics. The article concludes by discussing the types of accountability that are pertinent to recent claims that international institutions should be made more democratically accountable. In each case, the common tendency to inflate the concept of accountability is associated with demands for accountability that threaten both democratic consolidation and the distinctive character of accountability itself.     

Coalition politics and accountability

The paper introduces the possibility of coalition government into the theoretical study of political accountability and analyzes the accountability of coalitions as a problem of team production. It is shown that coalition governments can be held accountable in the presence of an electoral alternative. Accountability becomes problematic if it is certain that at least one of the coalition parties stays in power after the elections. Such a coalition (sometimes called a ‘unity government’) can not be given appropriate collective incentives. To incentivate government performance, voters make one coalition party responsible for the outcome. This, however, makes the other coalition party interested in sabotage. The paper analyzes the resulting conflict and characterizes optimal voter strategy.     

Budgeting for Accountability: Municipal Budgeting for the 1990s

The emphasis of a public budget depends on the time and circumstances in which it is developed. During the 1990s, for example, the emphasis has increasingly been on accountability due to widespread public belief in recent years that government is uncontrollable and responds only to special interests. Over the past few years, local budgeters have begun to adapt to this new environment by improving the accountability of the budget to the public. This article summarizes some of the changes taking place and suggests some additional changes that could be adopted to make local budgeting more accountable.     

Accountability issues of the resolution trust corporation

Abstract

No other governmental organization ever created can rival the complex patterns of accountability created to manage the bailout of the savings and loan industry. This complexity has, in turn, led to criticism that the bailout structure is too unwieldy to be managerially effective or politically accountable. While the structure does indeed immensely complicate these problems, it is an inevitable product of the political realities that shaped the bailout strategy. The real issues in maintaining accountability to the public for the bailout are: reporting clearly on how the money is being used; improving Congress's ability to track the complex management of the bailout; and using government officials, not contractors, to supervise the government's goals. Indeed, the biggest potential problem of accountability in the savings and loan rescue is not the convoluted political structure at the top but the heavy reliance on private contractors at the bottom.     

论市场、政府与法治

市场经济的内在规律对政府和法治提出了不同要求。在市场经济的建设过程中，我国应当尽快完成由全能政府向有限政府的转化，并在法治原则的制约下对市场进行适度干预。