中国四川省汉族人群额窦CR片的同一认定

目的研究不同投照体位CR片上额窦用于同一认定的观测指标,以编制特异的识别编码.方法用两宽度比值与形态学描述相结合的方法观测额窦CR片,并采用描述性研究方法进行描述性研究和统计分析.结果以额窦不对称性AI、额窦与眼眶宽度之比RI、最大额窦宽度的侧别、额窦上缘弓形弯曲数目(左侧、右侧)、额窦部分隔数目(左侧、右侧)、额窦中间隔位置等8项指标,编制8位数字的额窦构型同一认定编码;额窦形态性别差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论额窦形态高度个人特异,可以用于同一认定,但不能用作性别判断.     

额窦数字X线影像分型与同一认定指标的筛选

目的 从法医学同一认定的视角探究柯氏位额窦计算机X线摄影(computer radiography,CR)的形态学分类,并结合识别指标的数字编码,构建X线影像同一认定体系.方法 收集 400例四川汉族成年人额窦标准柯氏位CR片.以两侧眼眶上缘均相切的直线与额窦的位置关系对额窦形态学特征进行分型研究,并对额窦识别指标进行数字编码.结果 提出额窦CR片影像学特征6类分型,筛选出额窦不对称性、最大额窦面积的侧别、同侧额窦面积与眼眶面积比、额窦上缘弓形弯曲数、额窦部分分隔位置、额窦中间隔位置等8项识别指标.结论 提出了先作分型鉴别,再用所选取的8项指标对额窦形态进行识别编码的柯氏位额窦CR片影像同一认定的新思路.     

汉族群体额窦形态特征的研究

目的观察汉族群体额窦的形态结构特征,开发用于个人识别的额窦观察指标。方法应用AdobeImageReady软件分析额窦,观察24项指标,利用数字编码描述和分类额窦。结果观察227例样本,其中94例样本双侧额窦存在,及一侧存在至少两个弓形峰。24项指标的变异度和个人识别率为0.022-0.901,24项指标累计个人识别率为0.992。结论24项指标在不同个体变异较大,可用于个人识别。     

利用额窦影像进行个体识别的研究进展

鉴于额窦不规则气腔形态的高度特异性、成熟后形态不变的稳定性以及放射学技术在临床的广泛应用,额窦影像已成为法医学个体识别的重要研究对象。利用额窦影像进行个体识别已具有法庭意义。当DNA和指纹等传统个体识别方法应用受限或无法有效进行,或缺乏相应的牙科记录等情况时,额窦影像对比是有效的个体识别替代方法。多种影像资料都可用于额窦的个体识别,以人工视觉观测分析为主要方式,受专业性要求高、效率低及应用范围小等限制,无法有效应用于大型灾难等情况。近年来,一些计算机图像识别技术被应用于额窦影像的识别中,能显著提高识别的效率,有望克服人工识别效率低等应用困难。本研究对额窦影像用于法医学个体识别的报道进行总结,以回顾额窦影像用于个体识别的研究进展,为额窦影像的进一步研究提供参考,为探索及建立一套更加快捷、高效及准确的个体识别方法提供思路。     

利用腭皱特征进行同一认定的指标体系构建

目的根据腭皱的形态图特征,进行口腔腭皱在法医学同一认定的指标体系构建。方法收集100例成年人腭皱模型,依据腭皱的形状、数量、位置分布等特征对腭皱形态图进行全面系统的编码。编码顺序采用英文字母按照先右侧再左侧,先前部再后部的顺序编码,并且右、左侧编码以破折号连接。最后依据编码,统计分析腭皱形态分布特征。结果 100例腭皱形态图中,个体间未见完全一致者,每个个体不论男性与女性均表现有独特的腭皱形态图;且同一个体左右侧单条腭皱的形态及分布亦不同。波浪形腭皱所占比例最大（23.03%）,三分叉形出现比例最小（0.74%）,不同性别的波浪形及曲线形腭皱所占比例均较大,女性波浪形（22.7%）及曲线形（18.28%）;男性波浪形（24.11%）及曲线形（21.43%）。结论口腔腭皱法医学同一认定的指标体系构建,将为法医学的同一认定提供一种新的方法。     

一枚畸形指印

图为一枚左手指小指第一指节乳突纹线形态。指印左侧为一倾绞形斗纹,右侧为一长螺旋斗纹,且绞形斗右边中心和螺旋斗左边中心纹线部分重叠,呈绞形斗。外围纹线和部分重叠纹线顺势连接,并在绞形斗左侧和螺旋斗右侧各有1个三角,但二者重叠部位无三角构成。据称     

剪刀刺伤鼻翼部致视神经损伤法医学鉴定1例

1案例资料李某,男,34岁。2005年8月22日下午2时许,被人用理发剪刀刺伤鼻部右侧。检查见外鼻右侧鼻翼处有一斜形长约3cm裂口,深及鼻腔,左眼无光感。右眼视力正常,眼底检查未见明显异常。鼻窦冠状位CT示:蝶窦、筛窦、上颌窦积液。同年8月24日CT示:左侧视神经管近蝶窦侧壁可见骨皮     

利用CT扫描测量法判断眼球内陷残疾评定1例

<正>1案例1.1简要案情及病史摘要王某,女,46岁,某年7月28日因“左眼部及左颜面部外伤后4 h”入院治疗。伤后当日CT检查提示：左眼眶内侧壁、顶壁、下壁及左侧筛窦筛板骨折,左侧上颌骨额突骨折,左侧中切牙部分缺损,左侧侧切牙根折,左侧内直肌、上直肌、下直肌挫伤,左眼眶肌锥内间隙少许渗出,左侧上颌窦、筛窦及额窦积血,左侧颌面部及眶周软组织肿胀。查体：睁眼受限,视力、眼压未查。左眼部及颜面部青紫、肿胀,     

辽宁汉族青年女性面部不对称性的分析

目的研究辽宁汉族青年女性面部的不对称性,为面部识别和颅面复原提供数据。方法随机选择100例正常青年女性,采用MRI摄片,应用VG Studio 2.2MAX软件测量面部的标志点,测量后的右、左侧面部坐标进行欧几里德几何距离矩阵分析（EDMA）,最后使用Geomagic Wrap 12软件对左侧面部三维图像进行镜像合成,生成完全对称的镜像面部并与真实面部进行比较。结果 EDMA分析显示,右、左侧面部有显著形态学差异,bootstrap检验T=1.402,P=0.001,形状差异矩阵（FDM）比值（右侧比左侧）在0.95-1.05的有224个占85%,FDM比值小于0.95和大于1.05的部分有40个占15%,40个不对称比值中有15个小于0.95占37.5%,25个比值大于1.05占62.5%。Geomagic Wrap 12分析结果显示镜像合成的面部与真实面部图像有明显差异。结论辽宁汉族青年女性面部不对称,不对称性为15%,右侧面部比左侧面部不对称性影响大。     

根据CT片推断医院伪造病历1例分析

案例 某男，70岁。无确切诱因出现口齿不清2小时门诊行CT扫描后收入院。入院查体：神清，构音障碍．双瞳孔等大正圆，对光反射存在，面瘫不显，伸舌不出，左侧上下肢肌力Ⅲ一Ⅳ级，巴氏征(&#177;)。入院诊断：急性出血性脑血管病，高血压病?CT报告：双侧基底见点状低密度影．左额顶部密度减低，左侧脑室较右侧饱满．右侧颞顶叶见近圆形高密度影．     

Identification Using Frontal Sinus by Three‐Dimensional Reconstruction from Computed Tomography*

Abstract: Radiographs and computed tomography (CT) images have been increasingly applied and accepted in forensic sciences. Along with radiographs and CT images, the frontal sinus is often used for the individual identification because of its unique and unchangeable characteristics. The purpose of this study is to define the usefulness of three‐dimensional (3‐D) images of the frontal sinus for identification. CT images from 119 Korean cadavers were built up for 3‐D reconstruction and surveyed with 15 measurements. The total volume of the sinus, some nonmetric characteristics, and the bilateral asymmetry index in men differed significantly from those in women (p < 0.05). The digit codes, six sections and 10‐digit number, were almost able to accurately identify individuals (98%). This study showed a statistical difference between the sexes and classified the fused and prominent middle sinuses for the first time. This proposed method for identification is more accurate than those used in other studies.     

Analysis of Frontal Sinuses for Personal Identification in a Chinese Sample Using a New Code Number

The study of frontal sinuses for personal identification is a considered approach in the forensic field. In Yoshino's system, the frontal sinus patterns of a given person were formulated as a code number (codY) obtained by arranging the class numbers in each classification item. The aim of this work was to use a new code number (codC) with eight digits that includes other two continuous variables obtained as ratios SOR₁ (left frontal sinus area/left orbit area) and SOR₂ (right frontal sinus area/right orbit area), comparing the results with that of Yoshino. Digital radiographic images of the skulls of 150 Chinese people were analyzed. Spearman's partial correlation coefficients were evaluated between variables characterizing frontal sinus patterns. We used a maximum-weight dependence tree for statistical analysis. Results demonstrated that codC significantly reduced the probability of having the same personal code number compared with codY. Our scientific approach results valid for personal identification purposes.     

Classification system of frontal sinus patterns by radiography. Its application to identification of unknown skeletal remains

Frontal sinuses of Japanese skulls were radiographically examined from the view point of identifying individuals. The system of classification of sinus was proposed, basing on the area size, the bilateral asymmetry, the superiority of side, the outline of upper borders, the partial septa and the supraorbital cells. Frontal sinus patterns could be divided into above 20,000 possible combinations by combining the class numbers in each classification item described above. The frontal sinus pattern of a given person was formulated as a code number which was determined by arranging the class numbers in each classification item as serial numbers. This identification system by the frontal sinus pattern should allow one to characterize each person. The application of this identification system to an actual criminal case was also described.     

Post-mortem radiological CT identification based on classical ante-mortem X-ray examinations

Radiological identification is important in forensic medicine. Identification using comparison of individualising structures with ante- and post-mortem conventional radiographs has been known for a long time. New radiological procedures such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are being increasingly used for identification. In this paper, a new comparative approach using various radiological methods is described and its application demonstrated. This new approach is the comparison of ante-mortem conventional radiographs with projected images calculated from post-mortem CT data. The identification procedure will be illustrated with reference to the frontal sinus and the pelvis.     

Identification of unknown bodies by using CT images of frontal sinus

The aim of the study was to define a simple system for the identification of unknown bodies by using CT images of frontal sinus and to discuss whether it was worth to add measurements to the system or not. The system was including simple features as F (presence or absence of frontal sinus), S (intersinus and intrasinus septum) and S (scalloping), and named as FSS system. Measurements selected for the study were width, height, anteroposterior length, total width of two sinuses, the distance between the highest points of the two sinuses and the distance of each sinus to its maximum lateral limit. The study was conducted retrospectively on the paranasal CT scans of 100 cases (38 male and 62 female) who had no apparent sinonasal pathology. All the features and measurements were coded according to the system defined by the authors for each case and coded formulas were compared. At least 93% of the formulas could be eliminated for a case by using FSS system. The rate of success was increased to 98% by adding measurements. Contrary to objective criteria of FSS system, measurements were prone to bias. Therefore, in practice success rate would be expected to be lower than calculated. In the study population, instead of making 100 measurements, eliminating the most of the cases with FSS system and later discriminating the rest by pattern matching was seen logical.     

Identification of unknown dead bodies by X-ray image comparison of the skull using the X-ray simulation program FoXSIS

The aim of the study was to improve the objectivity of X-ray image comparison for the identification of unknown dead individuals. CT-data were collected for 30 macerated skulls. An already presented computer program which uses CT data to establish virtual X-ray images was used to obtain X-rays with different beam angulations simulating rotation, dorsal flexion, and ventral flexion. Specific parameters were measured on the simulated images. The frontal sinus reveals the highest variability not only between the individual skulls but also within an individual skull in different positions. The most consistent parameters with respect to different positions were the skull breadth, the biorbital breadth and the bizygomatic breadth. In a blind study, three out of 24 skulls could clearly be identified just by measured distances although the positions were different and unknown to the investigator. The dimensions of the frontal sinus do not correlate with the other skull parameters (analysis of covariance). Based on the presented results, we propose a method that will calculate the probability of identity. The presented results demonstrate that the comparison of X-ray images can be undertaken in an objective way by quantifying the probability of identity even when the comparative images were made under different conditions.     

Skeletal identification using the frontal sinus region: a retrospective study of 39 cases

The importance of identification using the frontal sinus has been previously demonstrated in case reports. In this study, 39 cases of identification using frontal sinus comparison from the Ontario Chief Coroner's Office were reviewed and differences between antemortem and postmortem radiographs examined. All cases involved decedents older than twenty years. Three cases were rejected due to poor antemortem and postmortem film quality. One subject had no frontal sinus. Thirty-five cases provided conclusive postmortem to antemortem pattern matches. Sixteen cases also yielded metric (quantitative) matches. Duration between antemortem and postmortem radiographic examinations, age, gender, and cause of death did not affect the ability to obtain a match. This is the largest study undertaken on actual cases and demonstrates the validity of frontal sinus pattern matching for forensic identification.