中毒29天后血液中检出溴鼠灵1例

正溴鼠灵(Brodifacoum)又称大隆、溴鼠隆、杀鼠隆等,属第二代香豆素类抗凝血杀鼠药,分子式为C31H23Br O3,分子量为523.4,结构式见图1。该物质通过抑制维生素K相关凝血因子的合成而达到较强的抗凝作用,可提高毛细血管的通透性和脆性,损坏微血管,使大量出血而死[1,2]。近年来,由于误食溴鼠灵毒饵引起的中毒以及自杀、投毒案例时有发     

GC／ECD法测定生物检材中溴敌隆和大隆

据统计，本省从2006年下半年开始，溴敌隆（Bromadiolone）、大隆（Brodifacoum）抗凝血杀鼠剂开始出现，且利用溴敌隆和大隆投毒的案件也呈上升的趋势。由于溴敌隆、大隆均属羟基香豆素类杀鼠剂，是慢性高毒抗凝血杀鼠药，从开始中毒到死亡的时间均较长。从5起案件的情况调查，中毒症状主要是口、鼻腔出血，大、小便出血，阴道出血。     

溴敌隆中毒研究进展

溴敌隆为二代香豆素类杀鼠药,由其导致的中毒案事件时有发生.本文就溴敌隆的中毒原因、毒理作用、药代动力学以及中毒临床表现、尸体解剖情况、理化检测进行综述.希望能为相关研究和实际检案提供参考.     

SPE、LC/ESI-MSD法分析胃内容中的溴敌隆杀鼠剂

溴敌隆(Bromadiolone)是羟基香豆素类抗凝血杀鼠剂[1],灭鼠效果好,不发生二次中毒。该类药主要是拮抗维生素K1的活性,阻碍凝血酶原的合成,损害微血管,降低血液凝固能力,导致内出血死亡。人口服中毒死亡后,出现全身广泛性出血[2]。溴敌隆的分子量大、极性强,常压下难以气化,高于200℃会分解,不适宜用气相或气质联用法进行分析,目前检测方法大多采用HPLC法[3~5]、紫外导数光谱法[6]或者薄层色谱法[2],但溴敌隆商用品大多是一对非对映异构体混合物[1],色谱是两个峰,易误判。本文使用液质联用仪,利用液相色谱的高效分离能力和质谱良好的定性…     

香豆素类抗凝血杀鼠剂投毒法医学鉴定分析

近年随着香豆素类抗凝血杀鼠剂的推广,中毒案件呈现上升趋势,甚至出现群体性中毒。而临床损伤检验鉴定方面无相关规定,法医临床鉴定面临无章可依的局面。本文收集重庆地区香豆素类中毒案例,通过统计分析,制定了法医学诊断要点,筛选了致人体器官损伤特征性指标,依据《人体损伤程度鉴定》相应条款进行了损伤程度鉴定,以期能为此类中毒的检验鉴定提供参考。     

溴敌隆中毒死亡1例

溴敌隆（Bromadiolone）属于第二代抗凝血杀鼠剂,是目前世界上许多国家首选的灭鼠用药。随着溴敌隆的广泛应用,溴敌隆中毒的临床病例报道逐渐增加。由于国内尚未见溴敌隆中毒致死的尸体改变报道,加上临床所见溴敌隆中毒后机体缺乏特异性改变,因此在实际工作中易造成溴敌隆中毒死亡的漏鉴或误鉴。现报道1例如下。     

HPLC-ESI-MS/MS法分析肝组织中4种杀鼠剂

目的建立测定杀鼠迷、杀鼠灵、溴敌隆和大隆4种杀鼠剂的高效液相色谱电喷雾质谱联用检测方法。方法采用ZORBAX sb-aq,150mm×2.1mm×3.5μm(带预柱);柱温:30℃;流动相:甲酸(0.1%)甲醇和甲酸(0.1%)水溶液梯度条件;流速:0.4 mL/min;在负离子模式下,通过电喷雾电离(ESI),多反应离子监测(MRM)测定,外标法定量分析4种杀鼠剂,并测试方法的基质抑制作用。结果4种鼠药在MRM筛选条件下,最小检出均在40pg以下;单个鼠药线性相关系数均在0.999以上,线性范围适当,最小检出限均在10pg以下。结论本实验方法可以作为检验生物检材中杀鼠迷、杀鼠灵、溴敌隆和大隆的筛选手段。     

尿中香豆素类抗凝血杀鼠剂的固相萃取-紫外导数光谱测定

尿中杀鼠灵、杀鼠迷、溴敌隆、大隆等4种杀鼠剂用GDX403大孔树脂吸附，二氯乙烷洗脱。通过洗脱液二阶导数光谱，测定杀鼠剂含量。4种杀鼠剂尿中回收率分别为96．3±4．1％、95．6±3．3％、　85．2±4．0％、77．5±3．6％（mean±S．D），检出限分别为0．6、0．6、1．0、1．0mg／L。适用于司法毒物分析。     

抗凝血类杀鼠剂检测技术研究进展

随着溴敌隆等抗凝血类杀鼠剂的广泛应用,其检测技术成为近年来法医毒物分析领域研究的热点之一。本文对国内外抗凝血类杀鼠剂检测技术的研究进展及趋势,包括样品前处理及提取方法、仪器分析方法等进行综述,希望能为法医毒物分析及相关领域中的研究和应用提供参考。     

溴敌隆及其代谢物-苄叉丙酮在犬体内的死后分布

目的研究溴敌隆及其代谢物-苄叉丙酮在中毒致死犬体内死后分布规律,为溴敌隆中毒检材的采取提供实验依据。方法分别经口给予犬2倍和4倍LD_(50)溴敌隆,待其死亡后迅速解剖取材,气相色谱-质谱联用法测定心血、外周血、尿、胆汁、心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑、左下肢肌、膀胱、胃、胃内容、胰等脏器和体液中溴敌隆和代谢物-苄叉丙酮的含量。结果犬经2倍和4倍LD_(50)溴敌隆灌胃染毒后3d开始出现出血症状,(178.40±20.94)h后死亡。溴敌隆和代谢物-苄叉丙酮在各组织脏器及体液中的死后分布为:溴敌隆2LD_(50)组溴敌隆:胆汁尿、肝、心、肾心血、外周血、脾、肺等;苄叉丙酮:胆汁、尿、心血、外周血、肺、胃内容中含量高于其他脏器。溴敌隆4LD_(50)组溴敌隆:胆汁、尿肝、外周血心血、胃内容物等脏器。苄叉丙酮:胆汁、尿、肺浓度高于其他脏器。结论溴敌隆及其代谢物-苄叉丙酮在中毒致死犬体内死后分布不均匀,溴敌隆在胆汁、尿、肝脏、心血和外周血含量较高,代谢物-苄叉丙酮在胆汁、尿、肺较高。胆汁、尿、肝脏、心血、外周血可作为疑似溴敌隆中毒毒物分析的检材。     

Detection of Brodifacoum and other Rodenticides in Drug Mixtures using Thermal Desorption Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (TD‐DART‐MS)

In recent months, there has been increased reporting of seized drug and toxicology cases containing rodenticides, the active ingredient in rat poisons. Seeing as rodenticides are not scheduled substances, they are not commonly screened for in seized drug analysis. This work investigates the use of TD‐DART‐MS for the simultaneous detection of rodenticides and drugs. Six rodenticides were evaluated, an optimal method was established, and limits of detection in the tens of nanograms were calculated. Additional studies highlight that detection at less than 1% by weight in mixtures with AB‐FUBINACA, cocaine, heroin, or methamphetamine was possible. This work presents an optimized method for detection of these compounds, allowing for the simultaneous detection of drugs and rodenticides, providing drug chemists with a tool for rapid identification of these compounds for forensic or public health purposes.     

法医学二代测序标准化进展与展望

二代测序技术可检测多种法医遗传标记获取海量序列信息,满足法医学实践中精准个体识别、复杂亲缘关系鉴定、特征刻画等应用需求。国内外已开展大量二代测序法医学应用科研工作,但由于缺乏行业标准,二代测序在我国公安实战中并未得到有效应用。目前,法医学二代测序的标准制定面临检测靶标特殊、测序技术流程和结果分析不统一等挑战。本文从核酸标准参考物、测序技术要求、序列多态STR等位基因命名规则等方面,梳理国外法医学二代测序标准化工作进展,并总结国内二代测序检测行业标准现状,希冀为我国法医学二代测序的标准建设提供思路和参考。     

The reliability of digitized radiographs for dental identification: a Web-based study

In the era of Daubert and other judicial rulings pertaining to the acceptability of forensic evidence, it is increasingly important that experts are able to testify that their methods have been scientifically tested and that error rates and other factors relating to reliability have been published. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of digitized radiographic comparisons for the purposes of dental identification. Participants with various forensic backgrounds and experience levels were passively recruited to the website. Ten forensic identification cases composed of antemortem and postmortem dental radiographs were supplied to examiners using a bespoke website. Participants responded to the cases on two occasions after a one-month washout interval using the ABFO conclusion levels for forensic identifications. A total of 115 first attempts and 87 matched second attempts were received. Of the total responses, 72% were dentally trained respondents who had completed at least one forensic identification case; of these, 38% were experienced forensic dentists who had completed more than 25 identifications. Data relating to accuracy, intra- and inter-examiner agreement, and the effect of case difficulty are presented. Mean accuracy was 85.5% for all cases, with the experienced forensic dentists obtaining a 91% success rate. The inter-examiner agreement on the negative identification cases was classified as poor. The data suggest that dental identifications resulting from the comparison of postmortem and antemortem radiographs are valid, accurate, and reliable when undertaken by experienced odontologists.     

Dentists' qualifications affect the accuracy of radiographic identification

This study assessed the effects of forensic odontologists' training and experience upon the accuracy of their dental radiographic identifications. Forty participating odontologists with various levels of training and experience completed a Web-based survey of their qualifications and then completed nine Web-based radiographic identification cases. They made their identifications using the American Board of Forensic Odontology Categories and Terminology for Body Identification. The results indicate that odontologists with high levels of training and experience performed significantly more accurately than those with lower levels. We conclude that high levels of training and experience in forensic odontology should be developed, maintained, and required of dentists who participate in a forensic team dealing with challenging identification cases.     

Principles of the forensic psychiatric assessment of exhibitionism

Incompetence of the existing approach to forensic psychiatric assessment of exhibitionism as well as the necessity for conducting the analysis of direct manifestations of perverse behaviour are shown. Dissimilar clinical manifestations of this kind of paraphilias are presented and its fixed, compulsive and impulsive variants are described. The necessity for singling out differential forensic psychiatric criteria depending on psychopathologic characteristics of exhibitionism is stressed.     

Use of radiographic atlases in a mass fatality

In May and June of 1996, a forensic anthropology team from the C.A. Pound Human Identification Laboratory at the University of Florida identified 9 of 10 juveniles from the crash of ValuJet 592. The team relied primarily on a radiographic atlas developed and used by clinical practitioners to determine skeletal age. Postmortem radiographs of the juvenile victims were compared with radiographic standards to determine skeletal age. Skeletal age was then compared to a passenger list indicating the sex, weight, height, and chronological age of each individual. Tentative identifications based on the atlas method were organized into an exclusion matrix. Final identifications were based on this assessment in conjunction with other anthropological data such as appearance and fusion of ossification centers and estimation of stature.     

信号检测论视角下法医精神病鉴定意见的评判

鉴定意见准确是高质量法医精神病鉴定的必然要求。然而,法医精神病鉴定是由鉴定人来实施的,在鉴定过程中,鉴定人需要进行一系列判断和识别,鉴定意见是鉴定人一系列识别和判断的结果。探讨法医精神病鉴定中鉴定人识别和判断活动的特征,并结合信号检测论所揭示的人进行识别和判断活动的心理学规律,探讨法医精神病鉴定意见准确性的影响因素,以及由信号检测论所揭示的规律对于正确认识法医精神病鉴定的准确性、提高法医精神病鉴定质量的指导价值和意义。     

肩袖损伤法医学鉴定研究进展

肩袖损伤是一种临床常见的肩关节病,成因复杂且症状有时不甚明显,缺乏特征性表现,容易被漏诊及误诊。在法医学鉴定中,时常遇到肩袖损伤的案例,判定该类案例是创伤所致、自身疾病抑或属于伤病共同作用导致是目前摆在法医鉴定人面前的难点问题。但因找不到客观的鉴别指标,容易使鉴定工作进入盲区,也时常引起当事人对鉴定意见的质疑,甚至长期的上访缠诉,引发社会的不稳定。基于此,从肩袖解剖结构、损伤机制、临床表现、鉴别诊断及法医学鉴定等方面展开论述,有助于为此类案件的鉴定提供参考。     

创伤性骨关节炎法医学鉴定41例分析

目的探讨创伤性骨关节炎的法医学鉴定要点。方法总结苏州同济司法鉴定所2006~2010年受理的41例创伤性骨关节炎法医临床学鉴定案例,对被鉴定人的性别、年龄、致伤方式、损伤部位、损伤形态、影像学表现、治疗方式、创伤性骨关节炎确诊的时间间隔等资料进行回顾性统计、分析。结果法医学检验检见生理结构破坏合并功能障碍7例,功能障碍30例,生理结构与功能检查均未见明显异常9例,另2例临床于外伤后短时间内即诊断为创伤性骨关节炎的,法医学鉴定时未予认定。创伤性骨关节炎影像学表现的严重程度与疼痛、功能障碍等临床表现并没有显著的相关性。结论创伤性骨关节炎作为骨折后常见的并发症之一,好发于负重关节,发生的间隔时间不一,其临床表现严重程度较影像学表现对法医学鉴定意见的意义更大。