新疆维吾尔族群体22个Y-STR基因座的多态性分析

正短串联重复序列(STR)广泛存在于人类基因组中,其长度多态性使得其在法医物证学中有着十分重要的应用,无论在常染色体还是性染色体上,均可选取适当的位点进行扩增分型以达到个体识别和亲权鉴定的目的。与常染色体的遗传方式不同,男性特有的Y染色体呈父系遗传,若无突变发生,同一父系的男性个体均具有相同的Y-STR单倍型,这一特点使     

Y染色体多拷贝短串联重复序列及其法医学应用研究进展

Y染色体为男性所特有、呈父系遗传,Y染色体上短串联重复序列(short tandem repeat on Y chromosome,Y-STR)在法医学实践中有特殊的作用,诸如父系家族的亲权鉴定,混合斑男性成分的检测,不同男性个体混合物的分析、追溯父系迁移历史及重构同一父系家族等方向都具有独特的应用价值。然而,Y染色体上存在较多的重复回文区域,位于该区域的部分Y-STR基因座具有2个或以上拷贝,称为多拷贝Y-STR基因座,如DYS385a/b、DYS389Ⅰ/Ⅱ等。除了具有Y-STR基因座所具有的一般特征外,多拷贝Y-STR基因座还具有其独特的遗传特点。本文就多拷贝Y-STR基因座的法医学应用及研究进展进行综合评述。     

新疆维吾尔族群体16个Y-STR基因座遗传多态性

正常男性具有Y染色体并遵循父系伴性遗传规律,Y-STR遗传标记在法医学个体识别鉴定中有独特的应用价值。本文对新疆维吾尔族群体288名无关男性个体16个Y-STR基因座遗传多态性进行调查,为该群体的法医学实践提供基础数据。     

Y-STR遗传标记在大家系中的突变

目的调查大家系中Y-STR基因座在减数分裂等位基因传递过程中的突变现象。方法收集一个林姓父系家系的163个男性个体口腔拭子样本,采用AGCU Y24荧光检测试剂盒(AGCU Y24体系)进行22个Y-STR遗传标记分型。AGCU Y24体系包含YfilerTM复合扩增试剂盒(Yfiler体系)的全部16个YSTR遗传标记。比较该家系内男性个体两两之间的Y-STR分型差异。结果该林姓家系163个男性个体在Yfiler和AGCU Y24体系分别获得20和30种单倍型,男性个体两两之间单倍型差异率分别为0.9105和0.922 7,平均遗传标记差异数目分别为6.582 1个和9.824 8个。男性个体两两之间的单倍型差异率随着减数分裂次数增多而增加。结论 Y-STR突变会使同一父系男性个体的Y-STR基因分型产生差异,随着减数分裂次数增多差异增加。     

Y染色体STR检验技术在侦查破案中的应用

Y染色体STR具有父系遗传特点,同一家族中男性个体的Y染色体STR分型检验结果完全一样。当在现场上发现了男性犯罪嫌疑人的生物检材,如精斑、血迹、烟头等,对相关范围内家系中男性个体进行调查,可以缩小侦查范围并节省大量经费。Y染色体作为常规DNA检验方法,在侦查破案中的作用越来越大,本文介绍本实验室两年来Y染色体STR检验技术的应用情况,供大家参考,以求共进。1用Y染色体STR父系遗传特点进行个体排查1.1明确方向缩小侦查范围在DNA检验人员少,资金不足的情况下,应有效利用资金及人力,不能盲目用DNA检验技术广泛排查。如果案件具…     

X-STR在精斑混合检材检验中的法医学应用

目的应用X和Y染色体STR分析含有相同父系祖先个体DNA的混合检材。方法用差异裂解法提取混合检材基因组DNA,用PowerPlex 21试剂盒、GoldeneyeTM DNA身份鉴定系统27Y试剂盒、SureID?PathFinder扩增荧光检测试剂盒和GoldeneyeTM DNA身份鉴定系统17X试剂盒检测混合检材。结果根据X-STR和Y-STR单倍型成功鉴别具有相同父系祖先的嫌疑人,确定混合检材中存在4个男性个体DNA。结论 X-STR可以应用于检验精斑混合检材,结合Y-STR数据可区分相同父系男性个体,并辅助判断混合检材中男性个体的数量。     

Y-STR家系排查及数据库建设问题

<正>人类Y染色体是男性特有,呈父系遗传,Y特异区在减数分裂时不参与重组,所以同一家族中男性个体的Y-STR分型结果理论上完全一致(突变除外),因此Y染色体DNA分析在人类遗传学中有重要的作用。如父系亲权认定、通过男性家系追溯人类迁徙模式及家系研究等,尤其是Y-STR家系排查法[1]在刑事侦查中具有独特的作用,所以建立区域性的Y染色体数据库势在必行。1案例资料     

辽南地区汉族人群19个Y-STR基因座的遗传多态性

正Y染色体具有男性特有、父系遗传的特征,在法医DNA分析的实际检案中有着独特作用。本研究调查辽南地区1313名汉族男性无关个体19个Y-STR基因座的遗传多态性,对其在法医学中的应用价值进行探讨。1材料与方法 1 313份辽南地区(大连、营口地区)汉族男性无关个体血样。采用GoldeneyeTMDNA 20Y身份鉴定系统[基点认知技术(北京)有限公司],扩增程序操作按     

苏北地区汉族人群19个Y—STR基因座的遗传多态性

Y染色体短串联重复序列（Y—STR）作为常用的Y染色体特异遗传标记，在法医学个体识别、亲子鉴定、混合斑中男性成分检测、追溯父系迁移历史f1J等方面都具有独特的应用价值，是常染色体及mtDNA的重要补充。本研究调查了苏北地区642名汉族无关男性个体的19个Y—STR基因座的遗传多态性，以期为该群体的DNA检验鉴定提供基础数据。     

中国朝鲜族2个Y-STR基因座遗传多态性

Y染色体为男性特有,位于Y染色体上的STR基因座具有非重组父系遗传特性,故广泛应用于父系关系鉴定和群体父系遗传学研究[1-2]。本文调查中国朝鲜族男性个体DYS447和DYs448基因座单倍型遗传多态性,为相关数据库补充基础数据。     

Evaluation of 13 rapidly mutating Y-STRs on a Dravidian pedigree

The effectiveness of a rapidly mutating Y-STRs multiplex assay (RM Y-STRs) containing 13 RM Y-STR markers was compared with the AmpFℓSTR™ Yfiler™ PCR Amplification Kit (Yfiler) with conventional Y-STR markers for their efficiency in differentiating males within the same paternal lineage. Samples from 4 generations comprising 16 Dravidian males (15 father-son pairs) were analysed with both assays. Mutations were observed in 3 father-son pairs in the RM Y-STRs profiles while only 2 mutations were observed in the Y-filer profiles. Even though not many mutations were observed as anticipated, this study still emphasised the importance of RM Y-STRs when differentiation between males within the same paternal lineage is required and also indicated the need for mutation rates for different populations.     

Evaluation of rapidly mutating Y-STRs in Pakistani population

Y-chromosomal Short Tandem Repeats have been widely used in forensic investigations, identification of males for criminal justice purpose and population genetics. Commercially available Y-STRs kits allow the identification of male pedigrees and has a limited application in forensic genetics because of its limitation in differentiating closely related male individuals. Recent research with the Rapidly Mutating Y-STRs (RM Y-STRs) have revealed that these loci deliver significantly higher discrimination capacity and haplotype diversity in worldwide populations when compared with the conventional Y-STRs. Although a number of RM Y-STRs have found their way in most updated commercial kits, there are still some loci that are not yet used in such kits. The aim of this study is to develop RM Y-STR haplotypes frequency database for the Pakistani population, in order to appraise the resolution power of these loci. A total of 212 unrelated males from the Pakistani population were typed with 13 RM Y-STRs which comprise DYF399S1, DYF387S1, DYS570, DYS576, DYS518, DYS526a + b, DYS626, DYS627, DYF403S1a + b, DYF404S1, DYS449, DYS547 and DYS612. 211 unique haplotypes were identified, out of which 1 haplotype was shared between two individuals, accounting for 0.9952 discrimination capacity (DC). Haplotype diversity was found to be 0.999925. Gene diversity (GD) values of all the loci were higher than 0.5, where the highest GD values were observed at DYF399S1, DYF403S1a and DYF404S1; with values of 0.99419, 0.98252 and 0.93061 respectively. Results of our study revealed that these 13 RM Y-STRs produced significantly stronger discriminatory power in Pakistani populations.     

Haplotype data for the 12 RM Y-STR loci in a Syrian population

Researches with RM Y-STRs have shown that these loci provide substantially higher haplotype diversity and haplotype discrimination capacity in worldwide populations when compared with the YSTRs commonly used in genetic forensics. The aim of this study was to develop an allelic frequency database for the Syrian population living in Turkey in order to obtain population data of 12 RM Y-STRs. A total of 80 unrelated males from the Syrian population living in Turkey were typed with 12 RM Y-STRs loci: DYF387S1, DYF399S1, DYF404S1, DYS449, DYS518, DYS526a/b, DYS547, DYS570, DYS576, DYS612, DYS626 and DYS627. The highest GD was observed for the locus DYF399S1 (0.91), followed by loci DYS449 (0.86) and DYS518 (0.83). RM Y-STR haplotype diversity was found 1.00 in these samples. Based on the results of this study, the RM YSTR loci showed remarkable haplotype resolution power in the Syrian population, high genetic diversity and, therefore, demonstrating their usefulness in forensic identification cases.     

Population genetics of Y-chromosome STRs in a population of Podlasie, Northeastern Poland

Haplotype and allele frequencies for the 12 Y-STRs were determined in a population sample of 186 Polish males. Five of the haplotypes were encountered in duplicate, while 176 haplotypes were unique. The overall gene diversity was 0.9973. This database study provides an essential precondition for applying Y-chromosomal STRs estimates in forensic identification of male DNA and tracing of paternal lineages.     

Sequence characterization of microvariant alleles at DYS627 and DYS458

Y chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) have been widely used in genetic applications and forensic casework. Recently, we found two intermediate alleles, the DYS627 allele 24.1 and the DYS458 allele 15.3, from Chinese Han population. The two allelic variants have not been recorded by the YHRD database. We have examined the molecular structure of these allelic variants by Sanger sequencing. The results showed that this intermediate allele at DYS627 was confirmed as 24.1, the sequence of which showed a base “A” insertion in the 13th repeat unit, and the intermediate allele at DYS458 was confirmed as 15.3, the sequence of which showed a base “G” deletion in the 12th repeat unit. This may be important for individual identification and paternal kinship testing. Besides, more allelic variants detected can be enriched in the Y-STR database.     

Forensic value of 14 novel STRs on the human Y chromosome

We identified and characterized 14 novel short-tandem-repeats (STRs) on the Y chromosome and typed them in two samples, a globally diverse panel of 73 cell lines, and 148 individuals from a European-American population. These Y-STRs include eight tetranucleotide repeats (DYS449, DYS453, DYS454, DYS455, DYS456, DYS458, DYS459, and DYS464), five pentanucleotide repeats (DYS446, DYS447, DYS450, DYS452, and DYS463), and one hexanucleotide repeat (DYS448). Sequence data were obtained to designate a repeat number nomenclature. The gene diversities of an additional 22 Y-STRs, including the most commonly used in forensic databases, were directly compared in the cell line DNAs. Six of the 10 most polymorphic markers include the newly identified Y-STRs. Furthermore, these novel Y-STRs greatly improved the resolution of paternal lineages, above the level obtained with commonly used Y-STRs, in the European-American population.     

Forensic value of 14 novel STRs on the human Y chromosome

We identified and characterized 14 novel short-tandem-repeats (STRs) on the Y chromosome and typed them in two samples, a globally diverse panel of 73 cell lines, and 148 individuals from a European–American population. These Y-STRs include eight tetranucleotide repeats (DYS449, DYS453, DYS454, DYS455, DYS456, DYS458, DYS459, and DYS464), five pentanucleotide repeats (DYS446, DYS447, DYS450, DYS452, and DYS463), and one hexanucleotide repeat (DYS448). Sequence data were obtained to designate a repeat number nomenclature. The gene diversities of an additional 22 Y-STRs, including the most commonly used in forensic databases, were directly compared in the cell line DNAs. Six of the 10 most polymorphic markers include the newly identified Y-STRs. Furthermore, these novel Y-STRs greatly improved the resolution of paternal lineages, above the level obtained with commonly used Y-STRs, in the European–American population.     

Mutations at Y-STR loci: implications for paternity testing and forensic analysis

Knowledge about mutation rates and the mutational process of Y-chromosomal short-tandem-repeat (STR) or microsatellite loci used in paternity testing and forensic analysis is crucial for the correct interpretation of resulting genetic profiles. Therefore, we recently analysed a total of 4999 male germline transmissions from father/son pairs of confirmed paternity (probability > or = 99.9%) at 15 Y-STR loci which are commonly applied to forensics. We identified 14 mutations. Locus specific mutation rate estimates varied between 0 and 8.58 x 10(-3), and the overall average mutation rate estimate was 2.80 x 10(-3) (95% CIL 1.72 x 10(-3)-4.27 x 10(-3)). In two confirmed father/son pairs mutation at two Y-STRs were observed. The probability of two mutations occurring within the same single germline transmission was estimated to be statistically not unexpected. Additional alleles caused by insertion polymorphisms have been found at a number of Y-STRs and a frequency of 0.12% was estimated for DYS19. The observed mutational features for Y-STRs have important consequences for forensic applications such as the definition of criteria for exclusions in paternity testing and the interpretation of genetic profiles in stain analysis. In order to further enrich our knowledge of Y-STR mutations we suggest the establishment of a Y-STR mutation database and ask the forensic community for data contribution.     

Genetic polymorphisms for 11 Y-STRs haplotypes of Chinese Yi ethnic minority group

Eleven Y-STRs loci including minimal haplotypes (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, and DYS385a,b) and two additional loci, namely DYS438 and DYS439 have been co-amplified in 100 healthy unrelated males of Chinese Yi minority ethnic group using the Y-PLEX 5 and Y-PLEX 6 kit, in order to investigate allele and haplotype frequencies of Yi population, evaluate their usefulness in forensic paternity testing and human identification, and enrich Chinese population genetic informational resources. Out of a total of 100 individuals 85 showed different haplotypes, while 8 haplotypes occurred more than once. The overall haplotype diversity for 11 Y-STRs loci was 0.9945.     

Applying the 16 Y-chromosome STRs in the population of central Poland

Haplotype and allele frequencies for the panel of 16 Y-chromosome STR loci, namely DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635 and Y GATA-H4 were determined in a population sample of 200 unrelated males from the central region of Poland. The 191 different haplotypes were identified, of which 182 haplotypes were unique and 9 were duplicated. None of observed haplotypes appears more than twice in the investigated population. The haplotype discrimination capacity was 0.955, and combined gene diversity was 0.9999. The analysed set of 16 Y-STRs is very useful in forensic practise to identify males and trace paternal lineages.