浅议罪犯劳动报酬问题

我国监狱法规定对参加劳动的罪犯,应当按照有关规定给予报酬,由于种种原因,该制度在监狱工作实践的执行中,存在着一些问题。推行罪犯劳动报酬制度具有重要的意义,是适应新时期监狱工作发展的需要。     

论我国监狱生产的实践过渡

组织罪犯生产劳动是我国监狱改造罪犯的重要手段，但由于历史的原因，同时又成了维持监狱生存和发展所需经费的重要来源。在实行监狱职能单一化，彻底切断监狱生产与经费保障联系的过程中，监狱必须结合实际，通过调整投资结构、产品结构和罪犯劳动组织形式，一方面，以适应强化监狱职能需要，充分发挥劳动在改造罪犯中的手段作用；另一方面，以大力挖掘监狱生产潜力，充分发挥监狱生产对监狱经费的补充作用。     

罪犯劳动报酬制度刍议

我国监狱法规定对参加劳动的罪犯，应当按照有关规定给予报酬，由于受到种种限制，该制度在监狱工作实践的执行中，明显滞后于社会与经济的发展，引发了许多矛盾。笔者最为一名监狱实务工作者结合，X监狱实施罪犯劳动报酬探索概况，就推行罪犯劳动报酬制度提出了几点自己的看法。     

监狱生产定位问题初探

监狱生产是监狱改造罪犯的重要手段之一 ,但长期以来 ,监狱生产却承担着改造罪犯与维护监狱发展所需经费的双重任务。几年来 ,特别是我国实行市场经济以来 ,监狱生产遇到了困难 ,在一定程度上也影响了罪犯改造和监狱的发展。因此 ,监狱生产体制改革就提到了重要议程。改革应当坚持监狱是国家的专政机关的性质 ,坚持监狱法规定的罪犯劳动要以改造人为宗旨 ,从我国实际出发 ,有计划、有目的地逐步调整我国的监狱政策 ,逐步实现监狱生产及经费逐渐由国家统管、统拨的方法 ,彻底切断监狱生产收益直接与干警福利、监狱建设挂钩的做法     

监狱生产立法问题研究

监狱体制改革后，作为监狱工作重要组成部分，为监狱劳动改造罪犯服务的监狱生产在新的管理体制下已成为有别于社会企业行为的刑罚执行行为，国务院和司法部已明确提出要实行特殊立法，尽快对监狱生产进行立法已成为当务之急。监狱生产立法必须坚持遵循宪法和法律；坚持监狱工作宗旨，维护国家利益；坚持监狱体制改革方向；服从罪犯劳动改造需要；保持中国特色，借鉴国外经验；立足现实，着眼长远，统一规范等基本原则，对监狱生产的性质和任务、组织形式、人员构成、生产劳动项目的选择、管理体制、生产组织机构、劳动保障、资产管理、财务管理、产品销售、国家政策等主要内容进行专门立法。     

外国监狱生产管理体制与罪犯劳动组织形式

组织罪犯劳动是世界各国监狱的普遍做法，但各国监狱生产管理体制却不尽相同，其中最常见的是狱内生产企业和狱内国家企业，而产供销为一体的监狱企业并不多见。外国罪犯劳动组织形式有租赁制、按件计价制、公共工程制、外出劳动制等等，这些罪犯劳动组织形式还处在不断变化之中。     

对当前我国监狱经济的思考

监狱该不该办企业?监狱生产是否影响了罪犯改造?对监狱经济认识不统一严重制约着监狱经济的发展。组织罪犯劳动是改造罪犯的重要环节．也是维护监狱安全稳定的重要手段。我们必须尊重中国的客观实际，把握监狱经济的特殊规律，处理好特性与共性的关系．坚持监狱经济发展模式的多样化．才能找到自己的发展空间。     

监狱体制改革背景下的监狱生产职能定位探析

监狱生产是罪犯改造工作的重要组成部分,其主要任务是为罪犯劳动改造提供必要充足的劳动岗位。监狱生产的定位就是要解决好监狱生产与罪犯改造工作的匹配问题。自2003年监狱体制改革在14个省市区分批试点以来,经过7年多来的改革攻坚,试点省份监企改革工作取得了突破性进展,但随着改革的逐步深入,监企分开后监狱生产定位不准的问题也日益暴露出来,这影响了改革的视野,因此进一步研究监狱生产的定位问题,对全面推进下一步的监狱体制改革工作具有十分重要的意义。     

试论我国监狱企业的社会责任

我国有关刑事法律规定，有劳动能力的罪犯必须参加劳动，监狱企业就是依据我国刑事法律的规定由国家建立的、专门使用罪犯劳动力的特殊企业。刑事法律的强制性规定，决定了监狱企业是一个以改造罪犯的社会效益为主要目标的特殊企业。因此，为罪犯提供劳动岗位，并在劳动中改造罪犯，是监狱企业的社会责任，也是监狱企业的主要责任，而经济责任则是监狱企业的一般责任。监狱企业履行经济责任和咎舍责任，都需要国家提供相应的物质条件作保障，因此，国家应将监狱企业的社会责任从道德责任上升为法律责任。     

监狱劳动性质辩析

<正> 新中国监狱劳动的性质是什么?多年来一直为学术界所关注。1992年8月国务院新闻办公室《中国改造罪犯的状况》白皮书指出:“中国政府反对将劳动作为惩罚罪犯的手段,反对用繁重的劳动折磨、虐待罪犯。将劳动作为改造罪犯的手段而不是作为惩罚罪犯的手段,在中国改造罪犯的实践中得到了贯彻执行。”为什么我国监狱劳动是改造手段而不是惩罚手段?为什么不能用繁重的劳动折磨、虐待罪犯?这些问题都需要从理论上给以明确回答。本文拟对此做些探讨。一、监狱劳动性质的演变监狱劳动的性质,经历了一个从惩罚奴役手段到改造手段的发展过程。奴隶社会与封建社会,监狱劳动都是作为惩罚和奴役手段     

Assault in prison and assault in prison psychiatric treatment

Studies have described measures associated with assault in the community, but few have identified measures associated with assault in prison or prison psychiatric treatment. In this study, prison assault histories and assaults while in prison psychiatric treatment for 222 randomly selected male inmates were evaluated. Using record reviews, interviews, neuropsychological, Rorschach, and psychopathy measures, risk factors for assault in prison and in prison psychiatric treatment were identified. Youth Authority placement, inhalant use, antisocial lifestyle, neurological injury, neuropsychological impairment, and higher PCL-R Factor II ratings were associated with assault in prison. Absence of major mental disorder, neurological impairment, or psychotic thinking, but presence of psychopathy was associated with assault in prison psychiatric treatment. In identifying risk for violence, the importance of (1) the context in which violence occurs; (2) the need for clear admission criteria for prison psychiatric treatment; and (3) the need to develop risk assessments that are specific to prison environments are emphasized.     

Understanding the links between perceived prison conditions and prison staff

In the Dutch prison system, motivational treatment is seen as one of the key contributors to a dignified and humane prison climate, stimulating inmates to assume personal responsibility and to change their lives. Staff are seen as the crucial factor to attaining this goal. The assumption is that the staff’s work situation has an impact on how inmates are treated. How inmates are treated in turn influences how they perceive prison conditions. In this study, we will examine the correlations between work situation, treatment styles and perceived prison conditions by means of a multilevel linear regression. The results show that a good work situation for prison staff is a precondition for practicing an active approach to inmates. In addition, inmates are more satisfied with the prison conditions if the various treatment styles are thoroughly applied. A balance between providing support and structure for inmates appears to be very important. Motivational treatment proves to be significantly correlated to the inmates’ satisfaction regarding prison conditions.     

Rating the prison boss: Examining supervision among prison health care staff

Health care staff are instrumental in prisons given their roles in aiding security and the growing demand for medical services among prisoners. Unfortunately, little attention has been paid to this prison staff subpopulation. This study examined perceptions of supervision among 424 prison health care staff in the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Participants felt that prison supervisors were most effective in clarifying expectations and least effective in giving feedback for performance, involving staff in planning, and extending job autonomy. Using hierarchical linear models (HLM), some unique findings emerged. Efficacy in dealing with inmates was the strongest predictor variable: health care staff who felt more positive and effective with inmates had more favorable feelings toward supervision. Staff working in high- and medium-security prisons had more positive feelings toward supervision than those in minimum security, and younger staff had more favorable attitudes toward supervisors than older staff. The implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.     

Evaluation of prison systems

Models are developed for the flow of prisoners through a state prison system. These models are used to evaluate the effectiveness of alternative correctional programs. Results based on the Georgia prison system are presented.     

美国监狱的教育——斯拜克岛的福特&#183;米切尔监狱

教育是所有监狱的中心工作,其主要目的是:尽可能象社区那样提供相同或近似的教育机会.我们在教育自愿的情况下采取成人教育的模式让学生自主选择并让他们有责任感;课程都以学生为中心并针对"做个完人"的需要而设的.