中国行政管理体制改革的任务与策略

深化我国行政管理体制改革的主要任务是全面正确履行政府职能，深化政府机构改革，改进行政管理方式，理顺与行政体制有关的各方面关系，深化行政区划体制改革，减少行政层级，建立健全决策、执行、监督相互制约协调的运行机制，深化公务员制度改革，分类推进事业单位改革。深化我国行政管理体制改革，要有正确的策略。确立清晰的改革总体目标和对策，整体配套、协调推进，健全改革的法律保障机制，探索新的行政管理体制改革方式，重视理论的研究和指导作用。     

对深化地方政府行政管理体制改革的思考

经济社会快速发展,尤其是社会主义市场经济体制不断完善,既凸显出深化地方政府行政管理体制改革的必要性,也为这项改革创造了有利条件.深化地方政府行政管理体制改革意义重大、任务艰巨复杂,需要从坚持正确的改革方向、制定科学的实施方案、切实转变政府职能、推进政府机构改革、健全行政法制体系及改革行政管理方式等方面,积极稳妥地推进,才能取得预期的成效.     

我国政府行政范式危机及变革应取方向

我国的政府行政管理虽几经改革,但总体而论仍属于传统行政范畴,政府行政存在深层次的范式危机。因此,政府行政改革必须致力于探索行政管理的新范式。     

俄罗斯行政改革与公务制度之间的关系

俄罗斯行政改革对于俄罗斯公务制度和人事政策的发展有一定的影响,俄罗斯行政改革改变了公务制度现有的法律框架,加快了公务制度的现代化。俄罗斯实现行政改革的前提是研究相关的法律文件和民众的社会心理,因为弄清改革的原因、目的、措施和社会基础能够加快俄罗斯行政机构的现代化进程。如果没有改革的目标,不能确定改革的任务,不了解社会心理,就不能形成严整的行政体系,也就不能保证行政管理的有效性和实现行政系统的纵向管理。     

再看“新公共管理”运动及对中国行政改革的启示

随着我国行政改革的不断深入 ,我们应对“新公共管理”———这一早已引进中国的西方行政改革模式重新加以审视和解构。本文力求以新的角度再看“新公共管理” ,并结合我国行政改革的现实状况分析其主要观点 ,从而提出关于我国行政改革的几点建设性意见 ,旨在有力推动我国行政改革的顺利进行。     

行政管理体制主动改革

以改革决策体制、重置行政权力、推进干部人事制度改革、完善行政程序制度为主要内容,行政管理体制改革的主动性将大大增强     

全球化背景下我国政府改革发展的紧迫性

在全球化背景下,中国政府改革发展向何处去已成为迫切需要解决的问题。新公共管理理论以公共理念与市场理念的融合为基点,是当代西方行政改革的理论概括,对我国行政改革具有较大的借鉴意义。处于全球化时期的中国政府,要以先进的行政理念重塑政府行政,构建与现代社会相适应的政府行政范式,就必须在改革中实现从以权力为中心向以规则为中心,从管理行政向服务行政,从全能行政向有限行政、从暗箱行政向透明行政的转变,实现从传统行政向现代行政的转型。     

政府行政改革需要建立集中领导和推进机制

进一步推进行政改革的重要性政府担负着公共管理和服务的重要职能,一个地方公共管理和公共服务的绩效实际上就是该地区政府的绩效。适应和引领经济、社会的进步,不断改革和完善各级政府的职能、机构以及行政方式、方法,是提高公共管理和公共服务绩效的前提。不仅如此,从广义来说,行政是政治的组成部分,行政绩效的高低直接关系到政治体制的绩效和人民政权的稳固。当前我国政治体制面临的种种压力和挑战,有很大部分来自政府行政改革的滞后。推进政府行政改革,有助于化解社会矛盾,充分展现我国政治体制的发展潜力,维护和发展社会、政治稳定。     

绩效管理视野中的行政审批制度改革——以温州市行政审批制度改革为例

行政审批制度是政府管理经济和社会事务的一种主要制度安排,是管制行政的制度典型。合理的行政审批对提高政府管理效率具有支持作用,但以过多行政权力为依赖的行政审批往往会走向泛滥,导致低效。本文以政府绩效管理为视野,将浙江省温州市行政审批制度改革作为案例,分析温州特殊的经济文化环境和制度安排,讨论行政审批制度改革与服务型政府的构建问题,为当前我国的行政管理改革提供一定的启示。     

入世后中国政府行政模式的创新

二十世纪七十年代以来,西方国家政府行政出现了许多引人注目的新倾向,并逐渐系统化为政府行政管理的新模式——新公共管理。从此角度看,入世也给我们政府行政管理带来严峻挑战。目前,我国政府行政管理虽也作了些改革,但就总体而论仍属传统行政范畴,政府行政存在深层次的范式危机。在范式转换之前,加强管理,只能是强化政府的全能统制倾向。为此,我国的行政改革必须要致力于政府行政范式的转换。     

South Korea: Searching for a New Direction of Administrative Reform

Government has never been under greater stress all around the world. Fundamental change is occurring at all levels of government. The need to cope with the rapid globalisation of the economy, the so-called borderless economy, and to maintain international competitiveness drives public management reforms. Governments must perform at higher levels of quality and productivity than ever before. The Gore Report, for example, constitutes a major attack on the bureaucratic management paradigm in the United States and its values of entrepreneurial managerialism dominate administrative practices around the world for the time being. This article first identifies a new management paradigm. Then it explores some international experiences with administrative reform in a comparative perspective to suggest a new direction of administrative reform for the future in South Korea.     

The Politics of Administrative Reforms in Asia: Paradigms and Legacies, Paths and Diversities

Many Asian governments have embarked on administrative reforms of one kind or another, engaging in rhetoric that resonates with the global paradigms of "new public management" and "good governance." This article seeks to understand Asian administrative reforms against the background of international influence, policy diffusion, domestic politics, institutional dynamics, and administrative traditions and legacies. It is impossible to capture the whole range of national reform types within any neat and tidy Asian paradigm, but some common strands of national reform paths in the region can still be traced. Different problems and failures are found to be addressed by Asian reforms, reflecting diverse motives and resulting in varied outcomes. The "old" public administration regime has largely coexisted with the "new" public management approaches and tools.     

论构筑反腐败的制度平台

中国目前正处于从单一的以政府为中心的治理结构向多中心的、自主的治理结构的转变过程之中。中国目前许多腐败形式的流行,都与转型期治理结构的某些过渡性特征有着密切的关系。推进治理结构的变革,建立政治国家-市场经济-公民社会分工合作的新型治理结构,乃是构筑反腐败制度平台的重要举措。为此要求深化以市场化、民营化、分权化、自治化、网络化为基本面向的反腐败体制改革,同时要求市场经济和公民社会的各类主体共同参与到反腐败过程中来。     

ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: CONCEPTS, ISSUES, AND THE NATIONAL EXPERIENCE

This symposium examines issues related to the links between administrative reform policy and economic development policy. The symposium introduction paper consists of two parts. First, it offers an overview of the background of theoretical and conceptual issues that are important to the connection between administrative reform and economic development. The issues reviewed include the role of government in economic development, the importance of public policy and management to economic development, the contribution of development administration, and the need of administrative reform to remove bureaucratic problems and promote efficiency. Next, the introduction paper provides a brief summary of the research arguments and findings addressed in the following six articles. They include an evaluation of administrative reform in Arab world economic growth, an examination of administrative reform and economic development in Latin America and the Caribbean, a political economy analysis of policy reform in Korea, a study of the implementation of privatization strategies in India's public sector reform, a discussion of the concerns between efficiency and ethics in China's economic development, and the study of administrative and economic development in Mongolia. The implications of the research findings and the need for further study of the linkage between administrative reform and economic development are emphasized in the conclusion.     

政府公共管理新理念及其在社会实践中的运用

随着我国改革开放的深入和社会主义市场经济体制建设的日益完善,传统公共行政的那种僵化的、等级森严的官僚制式的观念正在被新的政府公共管理理念所替代。本文透析了我国政府在进行行政管理改革的进程中所暴露出的一系列有关政府公共管理事务能力、国民素质、非政府组织、政府外交管理事务、政府行政改革滞后于经济改革等方面的问题。最后认为,当前我国应该采纳新的政府公共管理理论,重塑公共政策的价值起点,加快新一轮的政府体制和职能改革,早日使我们的政府变成真正的“统一、高效、公正、廉洁”的政府。     

Trajectories of Administrative Reform: Institutions,Timing and Choices in France and Spain

The influence of national administrative institutions on contemporary reforms has often been noted but insufficiently tested. This article enriches the comparative perspective of administrative reform policies by focusing on four interrelated dimensions: the choices of reformers, institutional constraints, timing and sequencing and long-term trajectories. This article tries to determine whether most similar administrative systems exhibit analogous contemporary reform trajectories in content, timing and sequence. By comparing the administrative reform policies of two ‘most similar’ Napoleonic countries, France and Spain, this article analyses the commonalities and divergences of decentralisation, territorial state reorganisation, civil service reforms and policies that focus on performance management and organisational design. The article identifies the ‘causal mechanisms’ that characterise the specific role of institutions and considers both the role of context and the importance of policy intersections.     

Restructuring Government Organization in China and Transforming Government Functions for an Efficient and More Productive Bureaucratic Performance

A sustained, steady economic development and a stable, prosperous society cannot come about by focusing only on the formulation of concrete social and economic policies. Increased attention and priority should be given to the reform of the state apparatus itself, especially of the policymaking and implementation process. Administrative structural reform, particularly China's practice of adjusting organizational structure and transforming government functions and management processes, is an example of the efforts to explore strategies and approaches for the conduct of administrative restructuring and enhancing bureaucratic performance in developing countries.
This article discusses three questions: first, the necessity of adjusting the government organizational structure and rationalizing the administrative policymaking mechanism, as well as some practices in China; second, transforming government management processes towards adapting to the changing social and economic environment in developing countries, e.g., describing what has been done by China in order to change direct and micro-management; and third, concentrating on improving efficiency and productivity.     

Public service reform: A comparative west European perspective

This article compares recent public service reforms in Britain, France and Germany in terms of reform origins, the trade‐off between managerial and administrative values in the overall reform orientation and the balance within managerial reform between public choice and business management strands. An explanation is advanced of variations in national reform profiles which draws on elements of both political economy and historical institutionalist approaches. Particular importance is attributed to the composition of French and German administrative reform policy communities, and to the resilience of collectivist ideals of public service within the respective memberships, as compared with Britain.     

行政类事业单位改革路径初探

新一轮事业单位改革中,行政类事业单位面临"不得突破政府机构限额和编制总额",即在"两个不突破"的约束性条件下,实现"行政职能回归"的艰巨挑战。但是,在"两个不突破"的约束性条件下,行政类事业单位不能完全实现"行政职能回归";即使放宽"两个不突破"的约束性条件,某些法律、法规授权或者法律、法规委托的行政类事业单位,也不能以行政机构的方式回归。行政类事业单位既然长期存在,又符合"分散化公共治理"的趋势,不如重新界定事业单位,在事业单位法人类型下涵盖行政类事业单位,通过法定机构或执行机构的方式改革行政类事业单位,实现政府决策职能和执行职能的相对分离与相互制约,是行政类事业单位改革一个值得考虑的路径。     

公共管理的由来及其与公共行政的内在差异--由传统公共行政到公共管理研究之一

产生并服务于当代西方国家政府改革实践的公共管理,促进了行政科学理论研究的重大变化.这种转变,既丰富了行政科学研究的视野与研究方法,也带来了公共事务治理理念与治理模式的变革,从而为公共事务的有效治理、公共利益的有效实现,开辟了广阔的社会资源和发展前景.本文拟对公共管理的由来、特性及其与传统公共行政的内在差异,进行学理意义上的简要梳理和归纳.