录音设备识别司法鉴定技术研究

目标随着手机和录音笔等数字录音设备的普及,数字录音已基本取代传统的模拟录音,成为录音司法鉴定主导性检材类型。数字录音资料作为视听资料的重要组成部分,其真实性司法鉴定新技术新方法的研究具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。方法研究基于录音设备识别的数字录音真实性鉴定技术,通过数字录音背景噪声片段的提取,计算录音设备相关的关键统计特征,包括采样直方图分布特征和平均频谱统计特征,并使用机器学习和模式分类方法对数字录音的载体即录音设备进行准确分类。结果实验中最高的分类准确性达到97.09%。在录音设备可分性研究成果基础上,提出应用于数字录音设备司法鉴定的可行实施方案。结论研究结果表明了基于信号统计特征分析的录音设备识别方法的可行性和准确性。     

电子数据司法鉴定技术的发展与挑战

介绍了电子数据司法鉴定技术的发展历程和当前面临的挑战，重点阐述了手机鉴定、云计算鉴定的方法及挑战。     

数字图像司法鉴定相关技术研究

随着数字图像在生活和工作中的大量运用,各种图像编辑软件和处理工具层出不穷,数字图像易获取、易编辑、易修改的特性使其面临着被随意篡改和伪造的威胁。自电子数据作为法定证据以来,数字图像在司法领域的应用越来越广泛,数字图像的司法鉴定问题也引发了社会的广泛关注。本文主要对数字图像的原始性鉴定、真实性鉴定、完整性鉴定进行研究,以期为数字图像司法鉴定实践提供理论依据。     

司法鉴定听证制度若干问题研究

听证制度在国家立法和行政工作中已取得较为完善的构建.近些年来,在鉴定实务中,如知识产权、医疗纠纷、司法精神病鉴定、司法会计鉴定等鉴定领域,也已经试用听证来解决一些难题.学界也对司法鉴定听证进行关注、研究,主要涉及鉴定听证的制度价值、适用范围、启动、听证参与人的确定、主持人的选任、听证程序规则设计等方面,但当下仍存在诸多争议和问题.对司法鉴定听证制度进行研究,论证司法鉴定听证的法律依据、制度价值,在此基础上提出司法鉴定听证在补充收集材料真实性的责任承担主体、启动、时间选择、参与人的确定等问题上的解决路径.     

第一届司法鉴定理论与实践研讨会

为了促进司法鉴定理论和技术的交流,推动司法鉴定的学科发展和技术进步,受司法部司法鉴定管理局委托,司法部司法鉴定科学技术研究所将举办第一届司法鉴定理论与实践研讨会。会议将邀请国内外知名专家对司法鉴定科学技术的新进展作专题演讲,并通过大会报告、分领域交流等形式,展示和交流近年来在司法鉴定领域中的研究、鉴定、标准化建设等成果和经验。     

司法鉴定客观、公正的重要保障

正确理解和严格执行《司法鉴定程序通则》对司法鉴定的审查受理、实施鉴定、出具司法鉴定文书等三个阶段的具体规定,确保受理鉴定的合法性、实施鉴定的客观性和科学性、出具司法鉴定文书的真实性和有效性。是维护司法鉴定秩序、提高司法鉴定质量,促进司法鉴定客观、公正的重要保障。     

司法鉴定客观、公正的重要保障

正确理解和严格执行《司法鉴定程序通则》对司法鉴定的审查受理、实施鉴定、出具司法鉴定文书等三个阶段的具体规定,确保受理鉴定的合法性、实施鉴定的客观性和科学性、出具司法鉴定文书的真实性和有效性。是维护司法鉴定秩序、提高司法鉴定质量,促进司法鉴定客观、公正的重要保障。     

2016年全国查处司法鉴定违法违规问题230多件

<正>在司法鉴定领域中,一些违法违规问题时有发生,比如违反鉴定程序规则和技术操作规范、超出登记业务范围开展鉴定活动,组织未取得执业资格的人员从事司法鉴定业务。仅2016年,全国查处司法鉴定违法违规问题230多件,注销132家鉴定机构,因资质不符合要求、相关考试不合格等原因注销上千鉴定人,有力规范了执业秩序,提升了行业整体的能力水平,但这也从侧面反映出当前司法鉴定机构和鉴定人准入门槛存在的问题。当前,司法鉴定的行业管理还有些粗放,     

电子证据司法鉴定工作初探

随着计算机网络犯罪的增长。如何收集、检验、鉴定电子证据是检察机关在新形势下所面临的新问题。本文在阐述电子证据的特点、采集固定、审查判断的基础上。分析研究了当前电子证据司法鉴定工作的现状，并根据电子证据的独有特性提出检察机关开展此项工作的初步构想。     

我国临床法医学学科现状及发展方向

同世界有些国家一样，我国的临床法医学科也是适应社会和法律的发展而逐渐形成的，经过几十年的发展，在科学研究、人才培养、司法鉴定等方面进行了许多有意义的探索，逐渐形成了学科特色和优势，涌现出一批研究成果，培养了一大批临床法医学鉴定人才，并为国家司法审判机关提供了大量的科学证据。但随着国家司法鉴定体制改革，以及社会鉴定机构和从业人员迅速增长，使得临床法医学既面临机遇，又面临新的挑战。如何提高学科研究水平，规范临床法医学鉴定，提高临床法医学鉴定质量，更好的为司法鉴定服务等，     

Speech Watermarking: An Approach for the Forensic Analysis of Digital Telephonic Recordings*

Abstract: In this article, the authors discuss the problem of forensic authentication of digital audio recordings. Although forensic audio has been addressed in several articles, the existing approaches are focused on analog magnetic recordings, which are less prevalent because of the large amount of digital recorders available on the market (optical, solid state, hard disks, etc.). An approach based on digital signal processing that consists of spread spectrum techniques for speech watermarking is presented. This approach presents the advantage that the authentication is based on the signal itself rather than the recording format. Thus, it is valid for usual recording devices in police‐controlled telephone intercepts. In addition, our proposal allows for the introduction of relevant information such as the recording date and time and all the relevant data (this is not always possible with classical systems). Our experimental results reveal that the speech watermarking procedure does not interfere in a significant way with the posterior forensic speaker identification.     

Taxonomy of Challenges for Digital Forensics

Since its inception, over a decade ago, the field of digital forensics has faced numerous challenges. Despite different researchers and digital forensic practitioners having studied and analysed various known digital forensic challenges, as of 2013, there still exists a need for a formal classification of these challenges. This article therefore reviews existing research literature and highlights the various challenges that digital forensics has faced for the last 10 years. In conducting this research study, however, it was difficult for the authors to review all the existing research literature in the digital forensic domain; hence, sampling and randomization techniques were employed to facilitate the review of the gathered literature. Taxonomy of the various challenges is subsequently proposed in this paper based on our review of the literature. The taxonomy classifies the large number of digital forensic challenges into four well‐defined and easily understood categories. The proposed taxonomy can be useful, for example, in future developments of automated digital forensic tools by explicitly describing processes and procedures that focus on addressing specific challenges identified in this paper. However, it should also be noted that the purpose of this paper was not to propose any solutions to the individual challenges that digital forensics face, but to serve as a survey of the state of the art of the research area.     

An inconclusive digital audio authenticity examination: a unique case

This case report sets forth an authenticity examination of 35 encrypted, proprietary-format digital audio files containing recorded telephone conversations between two codefendants in a criminal matter. The codefendant who recorded the conversations did so on a recording system he developed; additionally, he was both a forensic audio authenticity examiner, who had published and presented in the field, and was the head of a professional audio society's writing group for authenticity standards. The authors conducted the examination of the recordings following nine laboratory steps of the peer-reviewed and published 11-step digital audio authenticity protocol. Based considerably on the codefendant's direct involvement with the development of the encrypted audio format, his experience in the field of forensic audio authenticity analysis, and the ease with which the audio files could be accessed, converted, edited in the gap areas, and reconstructed in such a way that the processes were undetected, the authors concluded that the recordings could not be scientifically authenticated through accepted forensic practices.     

Study on the standard components of digital forensics laboratory

Recently, digital forensics has become increasingly important as it is used by investigation agencies, corporate, and private sector. To supplement the limitations of evidence capacity and be recognized in court, it is essential to establish an environment that ensures the integrity of the entire process ranging from collecting and analyzing to submitting digital evidence to court. In this study, common elements were extracted by comparing and analyzing ISO/IEC 17025, 27001 standards and Interpol and Council of Europe (CoE) guidelines to derive the necessary components for building a digital forensic laboratory. Subsequently, based on 21 digital forensic experts in the field, Delphi survey and verifications were conducted in three rounds. As a result, 40 components from seven areas were derived. The research results are based on the establishment, operation, management, and authentication of a digital forensics laboratory suitable for the domestic environment, with added credibility through collection of the opinions of 21 experts in the field of digital forensics in Korea. This study can be referred to in establishing digital forensic laboratories in national, public, and private digital forensic organizations as well as for employing as competency measurement criteria in courts to evaluate the reliability of the analysis results.     

电子数据司法鉴定工具可靠性评估研究

探讨建立对电子数据司法鉴定工具进行科学性及可靠性的评估方法。在已有的国内外取证工具评测方法的基础上,借鉴国家强制认证认可和可靠性工程等因素,对电子数据司法鉴定工具可靠性评估体系中的工具基本认可和定性评估二阶段进行详细分析,为保证司法鉴定实践的科学性和准确性提供理论依据。     

应用数字图像识别系统研究正畸治疗前后腭皱形态变化

目的利用腭皱数字图像识别系统对正畸治疗前后腭皱形态匹配正确率的分析研究,为法医学中同一认定提供理论依据。方法利用正畸患者治疗前后腭皱形态数字图像,通过腭皱数字图像识别系统对图像的特征进行提取并收录到腭皱数字库,运用Matlab软件完成对腭皱形态数字图像的信息匹配处理。结果正畸治疗前后,个体性检测匹配正确率各自都达到100%。正畸治疗前后腭皱形态匹配正确率为95.67%,配对检验结果 P0.05,具有统计学意义。结论腭皱形态具有高度的个体特异性,正畸治疗后腭皱形态会发生多种变化,但对同一认定的影响不大。腭皱形态识别为法医学同一认定提供一种新的方法和途径。     

Digital Stratigraphy: Contextual Analysis of File System Traces in Forensic Science

This work introduces novel methods for conducting forensic analysis of file allocation traces, collectively called digital stratigraphy. These in‐depth forensic analysis methods can provide insight into the origin, composition, distribution, and time frame of strata within storage media. Using case examples and empirical studies, this paper illuminates the successes, challenges, and limitations of digital stratigraphy. This study also shows how understanding file allocation methods can provide insight into concealment activities and how real‐world computer usage can complicate digital stratigraphy. Furthermore, this work explains how forensic analysts have misinterpreted traces of normal file system behavior as indications of concealment activities. This work raises awareness of the value of taking the overall context into account when analyzing file system traces. This work calls for further research in this area and for forensic tools to provide necessary information for such contextual analysis, such as highlighting mass deletion, mass copying, and potential backdating.     

完善司法鉴定制度是科学证据时代的呼唤

司法鉴定是现代司法证明活动中查明案件事实的一种重要方法和手段.现代司法鉴定是司法证明方法进步的结果和体现.科学技术的进步使司法证明方法发生了两次重大的转变.以物证及其相关的鉴定结论等证据构成的"科学证据",应该成为司法证明最主要的手段.物证虽然是客观实在的,但其自身不能直接证明案件事实,需要人们的认识.司法鉴定是人们认识物证的途径.司法鉴定水平的提高可以帮助发现更多潜在的证据.科学技术是司法鉴定的生命.科学技术的进步是促进司法鉴定发展的最重要因素.司法鉴定制度改革应与审判体制改革相适应.司法鉴定制度改革应与证据法律制度相协调,既要赋予法官对鉴定结论的自由裁量权,又要对司法鉴定制度进行规范.司法鉴定制度改革应以提供"科学证据"为出发点,需要鉴定人出庭、技术方法标准化和建立行业协会等措施.     

司法会计鉴定与文书鉴定配合运用的效果

司法会计鉴定和文书鉴定的配合运用不仅有助于提高鉴定效率。增强鉴定的准确性和针对性，而且有助于开拓思路，发现新的线索。