惩治网上卖淫的法律尴尬

少女在网络上公布卖淫信息的现象无法消除。日本神奈川县警察局以违反《约会网站规制法》为由，强化了对买春男子甚至是卖淫少女的检举揭发力度。但是，出于保护未成年人的目的，警方的这种行为又与该规制法相冲突。因此，少女自己在网站上公开征集买春对象这一事态，可以说是钻了现行法律的漏洞，是警方“预料之外”的事。有权威人士指出，“法律对于这种实际情况并无相对应的规定。”     

滥用诉权及其法律规制研究

目次一、引言二、滥用诉权概述三、禁止诉权滥用的法哲学思考四、滥用诉权行为的法律规制五、我国规制滥用诉权行为法律体系之构建一、引言在现代法治社会中,公民所享有的诉权被认为是国家为了保证宪法和法律所规定的公民权利具有“实然性”而设定的“权利救济权”,为“第一制度性权利”,其重要性不言而喻:没有诉权的存在,宪法和法律所规定的其他权利就不可能成为一种现实的权利。有基于此,世界各文明法制国家皆对     

论生物多样性保护的系统性法律规制

生物多样性的遗传资源多样性、物种多样性、生态系统多样性等层次性特征要求其法律规制体系应更具有整体性和协调性。同时,新时期背景下的生物多样性保护兼具自然资源保护、国家安全保障、经济发展促进等综合性目标,要求必须以总领性、宏观性的思路发展和完善法律规制体系。系统性法律规制因具有推动政治决策法律化、符合生物多样性层次性规制要求、实现公众利益和保障法律规制效率性优势而成为生物多样性保护的现实选择。生物多样性保护的系统性法律规制包括了规制依据、规制主体、规制手段和规制对象等要素,可以此为逻辑起点,对当前我国生物多样性保护法律规制的现实问题予以分析,并在此基础上提出完善我国生物多样性保护系统性法律规制的可行建议。     

《反垄断法》实施下的公用企业垄断行为监管

我国《反垄断法》以禁止"经营者滥用市场支配地位"之规定将公用企业垄断行为纳入其规制范围。然而基于经济缘由的分析,我国公用企业具有区别于其他占有市场支配地位的经营者的特殊性。因而,必须从反垄断法规制的角度出发,在法律适用、监管机构等方面予以特殊考虑,并从具体操作层面出发,采用有针对性的对策,确保"纸面上的法律"落实到实践中去,使公用企业垄断行为得到有效遏制。     

利用网络性侵未成年人问题研究

近年来,预防和惩治网络性侵未成年人犯罪行为成为社会焦点和法律适用难点。本文通过分析利用网络性侵未成年人的案件特点,梳理出该类行为在刑法罪名、体系化定罪及处罚方面出现的性侵害未成年人罪名难认定、刑法保护范围拘谨、利用网络性侵犯罪法律规制薄弱等问题,提出了进一步扩大刑法保护范围、探索新设利用网络性侵未成年人的刑罚规则及推进性侵害未成年人犯罪人员的信息公开及行业禁止制度、提升安全教育监护措施等具体建议,以期对加强新时期未成年人保护提供有益参考。     

嫖宿幼女罪保护法益的正本清源——兼谈嫖宿幼女罪未来的修法方向

嫖宿幼女罪保护的并非"社会善良风俗"、"保护幼女"的社会观念或者"禁止卖淫嫖娼"的社会管理秩序等社会法益,也不宜界定为"身心健康"或者"健全人格养成"等个人法益。从本罪应然的立法目的考量,应当将其保护的法益界定为"性生理、心理的健全成长权",而且,嫖宿幼女这一客观的行为模式也不足以导致对其需要单独制罪,因此,应当将本罪回归由奸淫幼女型强奸罪和猥亵儿童罪进行规制,同时考虑到新旧法之间的衔接以及幼女卖淫的特殊动态,建议在强奸罪和猥亵儿童罪中增设对嫖宿幼女行为的相应规定。     

浅析虚拟财产的物权法规制

社会的现实需求引起对虚拟财产的法律思考,虚拟财产能否成为物权的客体物,是否可以由物权法规制。对虚拟财产的规制有其自身的特点,物权的保护具有优于其他保护的优势。     

从主体激励角度试论保护中小投资者的法律设计

保护中小投资者成为时下热议的话题,除了通过规制市场主体行为消极禁止的方式,保护中小投资者的权益还可以从调动证券市场多方主体的积极性和主动性方面考虑,通过对市场主体的激励来发挥他们的能动性来提高对中小投资者的保护。毕竟,中小投资者的保护要从"弱小的被保护"转变为主动态的"强大的自我保护",证券市场才真正能够健全发展和运作。本文试图提供一种思路,关注证券法作为与资本市场密切相关的法律,要充分利用激励理性动力调动市场主体积极性,通过提供激励的要素设计法律制度使得中小投资者自身成长为保护自身利益最好的发言人。     

论禁止卖淫的刑事立法

论禁止卖淫的刑事立法周恩惠卖淫是一种扭曲的社会现象，它玷污了女性人格尊严，损害了传统的伦理道德，容易导致性病尤其艾滋病的感染与蔓延。因此，我国有关严禁卖淫、嫖娼的法律理所当然地受到全社会的认同与维护。但是由于禁止卖淫嫖娼的法律规定得比较原则，司法与执...     

违反保护他人的法律的侵权责任及其限度——以“儿童模仿《喜羊羊与灰太狼》烧伤同伴案”为例

"儿童模仿《喜羊羊与灰太狼》烧伤同伴案"成为我国影视制作公司因违反保护他人的法律而承担侵权责任的首例。违反保护他人的法律的侵权行为在我国《侵权责任法》上并非独立的侵权类型,在实践中和理论上却具独特性,也对《侵权责任法》及其适用提出了挑战。违反保护他人的法律的行为具有非法性,行为人有过错。在我国特殊语境下,法律不宜只以保护他人的法律的抽象性为由否定违法性和过错。违反保护他人的法律的行为造成他人伤害,意味着该行为与损害之间有因果关系,在该案中并不因其他加害人故意行为的介入而阻断。法律应增加该案原告的证明责任,以便根据原因力大小及法律现实确定被告承担责任的范围。该案判决协调社会现实与法律原理冲突的尝试具有重要示范意义,能推动良好社会秩序的建构。     

When (Some) Prostitution is Legal: The Impact of Law Reform on Sex Work in Australia

In Australia, prostitution regulation has taken a very different path from many other countries. Law reform has led to the opening of some significant new spaces for legal sex work, including the (very different) regulatory regimes established in two Australian states – Queensland (brothels legal if their owners are licensed) and New South Wales (most commercial sex businesses and some street prostitution decriminalized; no licensing regime). The main research question is: how has regulation impacted on the positive rights of sex workers? I argue that law reform has engaged a mix of neo-liberal and other approaches – not to increase personal or corporate freedom but as part of a practical strategy designed to control a range of social problems, such as police corruption and organized crime. Neo-liberal regulation of prostitution in Australia has always been deployed in tandem with other modes of regulation – including new criminal law and policing strategies, planning law, health regulations, and (of course) moral regulation.     

The challenges of fighting sex trafficking in the legalized prostitution market of the Netherlands

In 2000, the Dutch authorities lifted the ban on brothels in the Netherlands. The essence of their approach was to regulate prostitution. People of legal age could now voluntarily sell and purchase sexual services. Brothels which complied with certain licensing conditions were legalized. This paper critically assesses the logic of a position that argues that human trafficking is reduced when actors in the legalized prostitution sector are made responsible for what happens on their premises (using licensing conditions). This idea is confronted with empirical evidence about the Netherlands in general and the city of Amsterdam in particular. Furthermore, the paper addresses two questions. What are consequences of the regularization of prostitution for the criminal investigation and prosecution of sex trafficking? How do criminal justice agencies collaborate with regulatory authorities in the regulated and non-regulated sectors of the prostitution market? The main conclusion is that the screening of brothel owners and the monitoring of the compliance of licensing conditions do not create levels of transparency that enable sex trafficking to be exposed. The prostitution business retains many characteristics of an illegitimate market and the legalization and regulation of the prostitution sector has not driven out organized crime. On the contrary, fighting sex trafficking using the criminal justice system may even be harder in the legalized prostitution sector.     

性权的法理学分析

性权的法律属性应是“性存在”的“人”的自然的、初始的权利和自由,人类进入文明社会以后,性规范经历了性宽松—性禁锢—性解放的历史演变,其价值取向是自由、平等、正义与秩序。性权的法律规制主要表现为公权力对性自由的约控,性权在我国法学界存在明显的理论准备的不足和司法实践的回避,性权作为一种人权应予以法律保护。     

Boundaries of Legitimacy: Sex, Violence, Citizenship, and Community in a Local Sexual Economy

Studies of prostitution have overlooked the role of law in constituting the identities and sexual practices of women in the sex trade and defining the boundary between legitimate and illegitimate violence in the sexual economy. Drawing on field work with sex trade participants in a northwestern United States city, this paper explores how the cultural logic of modern liberal law shapes women's identities and interpretations of their actions. In positioning women in the sex trade as "sexual outlaws" to be managed and subjected to the full scope of legal authority, the law simultaneously limits women's citizenship and withdraws its protection. Moreover, in restricting women's ca-pacity to invoke fundamental legal rights, the law effectively sanctions "private" or extralegal forms of discipline and creates a space for violence. Given the paradoxical position these women hold as sexual outlaws on the one hand and frequent victims of physical and sexual assault on the other, I explore how they negotiate consent and resist violence.     

Young People and Prostitution: Perpetrators in Our Midst

Involvement of young people in prostitution has been an increasingly familiar phenomenon in recent years. This article explores some of the matters related to it during those years. First, it reviews what has been happening during the 1990s. Second, it demonstrates, via a recent case study, some of the issues, debates and controversies that are related to youth prostitution. Third, it examines the latest developments in the United Kingdom before considering some of the international developments and implications for those involved in youth prostitution. Finally, some of the effects of 'new technologies' are considered while contemplating what remains to be done about the battle to combat youth prostitution.     

论金融法制的横向规制趋势

21世纪以来,英德日韩等国金融法制出现了从纵向金融行业规制到横向金融商品规制的发展趋势。2006年日本将《证券交易法》改组为《金融商品交易法》,把证券、信托、金融期货、金融衍生品等大部分金融商品进行一揽子、统合性的规范,构建了一个横向化、整体覆盖金融服务的法律体系。金融危机爆发后,美国也深刻认识到其纵向监管机构对不断创新的金融商品缺乏横向统一规制的问题。本文考察国际金融法制的横向规制趋势,从金融商品和金融业的横向规制两个角度,对日本《金融商品交易法》的适用范围、行业规制、行为规制、投资者种类、自律规制机关等内容进行全面分析,进而探讨我国应对金融横向规制趋势的法律对策。     

Analysis of prostitution in Japan

Before World War II, we witnessed the purification movement, on which Christian groups embarked as moral entrepreneurs. After the war, female groups took the initiative in a movement for anti‐prostitution law. The movement resulted in the enactment of the Prostitution Prevention Law in 1956, which made prostitution a punishable criminal offense. On the other hand, in the United States in the 1960s, some criminologists advocated the necessity of de‐criminalization of victimless crimes, one of which was prostitution. Some groups of feminists also insisted on the de‐criminalization of prostitution to emancipate women toward a freer and more liberated sexuality. New ideas regarding the control, or lack thereof, of prostitution were then introduced into Japan — a country where decriminalization was not realized in the dimension of criminal laws.

With its rapid economic growth, Japan became a consumer's society, in which the demand for prostitution increased. In response to this trend, more prostitutes committed financially compensated sexual acts in disguised brothels or in other various call‐girl systems. However, the total number of offenses of the Prostitution Prevention Law exposed by the police has decreased drastically during the past thirty years. In essence, we now see the de‐criminalization of prostitution in the practices of law enforcement agencies.     

日本生态安全保护法律制度研究

为应对日趋严重的全球性环境问题,生态安全保护问题已成为国际环境保护领域的重要理论课题.自20世纪90年代以来,日本通过修改旧法与制定新法并驾齐驱的立法途径,完善了相关环境保护法律制度,系统建构了生态安全保护法律制度体系.我国应借鉴其成功经验,及早完善我国生态安全保护法律制度体系.     

Prostitution

Abstract

In the recent literature on prostitution, there has been a focus on HIV which has tended to exclude discussion of the physical and sexual violence which precedes and which is intrinsic to prostitution. The literature of two time periods (1980-84 and 1992-1996) is critically reviewed in order to describe this trend.

The normalization of prostitution in the medical and social sciences literature, the tendency to blame the victim of sexual exploitation, and the ways in which racism and poverty are an inextricable part of prostitution are discussed here. The social invisibility of prostitution, needs of women escaping prostitution, and an overview of recent criminal justice responses to prostitution are summarized.     

The Animal: A Subject of Law? A Reflection on Aspects of the Austrian and German Juridical Systems

In recent years there has been a marked increase in interest in animal welfare issues worldwide. This subject often evokes extreme points of view, and can be both intellectually challenging and emotionally dividing. It is undeniably a field where substantial progress has taken place, with a multitude of countries worldwide implementing their own animal welfare and protection laws. However, calls continue to be voiced for more extensive and courageous measures to be taken concerning both the content and the enforcement of animal welfare legislation. To highlight a variety of these promising and noteworthy ideas this article outlines and examines some selected and qualified aspects of a potential juridical approach to the subject by consulting the legal systems of Austria and Germany under this particular premise. The aim will be to ascertain the extent to which animals have been granted consideration and protection, for instance in spheres of Constitutional or Civil Law. What options exist to safeguard an animal by a legally founded and secured position, and on which rank in the legal system could such provisions possibly be established? Ideally, a complete legal network on all possible levels of the legal system should be developed, ensuring a comprehensive and an all-embracing protection of the individual animal.