辽宁“五点一线”沿海经济带迎来日韩投资新机遇

辽宁“五点一线”沿海经济带开发，迎来了吸引日韩两国投资的新机遇。这些新机遇，既与中国和日韩两国宏观政策有关，也与“五点一线”开发的产业政策有关。它们是：中国与日韩两国领导人互访将推动日韩对华投资进一步扩大；东北老工业基地振兴对日韩两国投资具有巨大吸引力；辽宁愈来愈是日韩对华投资的重点地区；辽宁重视吸引日韩企业对“五点一线”投资；日韩产业转移的新变化与“五点一线”产业政策相吻合。     

中俄经济结构异同及其对两国经济关系的影响（上）

本文从三大部类产业的比例关系、工业内部产业构成、主导现阶段经济增长的支柱产业以及各自产业发展的趋势等诸多角度对中俄两国经济结构和产业结构的异同作了分析，认为两国经济和产业结构的特征对双方经济关系有两个方面的影响：一是决定了自发贸易（即市场主导的商品交换）的空间，即产业互补；二是引发了两国经济合作的长期可持续性问题。现有的产业结构为两国的经济合作提出了亟待解决的课题：两国的经济关系必须从互补性贸易走向战略性合作。这种战略型合作模式不是立足于静态比较优势，而是立足于国家整体利益和动态社会收益。     

中俄经济结构异同及其对两国经济关系的影响（下）

本文从三大部类产业的比例关系、工业内部产业构成、主导现阶段经济增长的支柱产业以及各自产业发展的趋势等诸多角度对中俄两国经济结构和产业结构的异同作了分析，认为两国经济和产业结构的特征对双方经济关系有两个方面的影响：一是决定了自发贸易（即市场主导的商品交换）的空间，即产业互补，具体而言就是，中国的劳动密集型产品交换俄罗斯的资源密集型产品；二是引发了两国经济合作的长期可持续性问题。现有的产业结构为两国的经济合作提出了亟待解决的问题：两国的经济关系必须从互补性贸易走向战略性合作。这种战略型合作模式不是立足于静态比较优势，而是立足于国家整体利益和动态社会收益。     

高科技产业的产业政策比较及对我国的启示——以日、美、法3国为例

日本在高科技产业方面实行扶持和保护政策,使得日本由技术追随国逐渐发展壮大为技术领先国。美国对高科技产业很少实行资助和保护,但是由于美国的资本和劳动力市场高度发达,为高科技产业的发展创造了条件。法国高科技产业的产业政策与日本相似,但却不很成功,主要是因为法国的产业政策多为政府官员主观制订,缺乏对市场的研究与同私人产业专家的沟通。通过对3国高科技产业的产业政策的比较,可以得出对我国有益的启示。     

到缅甸去做生意

中缅是友好邻邦，两国有长达２１００多公里的共同边界线。中缅两国于１９５０年建交。 中国发展对缅贸易有诸多有利条件 首先，中缅两国都实行市场经济和对外开放政策，这为两国发展和扩大双边贸易创造了良好的条件和环境，成为发展双边贸易的巨大推动力；其次，中缅两国陆地边界线长，这为两国发展边贸提供了得天独厚的条件；第三，中缅两国贸易历史悠久，许多中国商品早已打入缅甸市场，并已赢得了信誉；第四，中缅经济具有较强的互补性，通过双边贸易可以实现经济优势互补、互通有无；第五，近年来，缅甸政府扩大了国内生产和消费，在从…     

微观财政政策在日本经济增长中的作用

战后日本政府根据其各经济发展阶段的不同特征而采取相应的、不同程度的倾斜性产业政策，并依此产业政策及所确定的重点产业而施以相应的微观财政政策。其政策导向对同一时期的各产业政策的侧重点有所不同，并注意了各种政策工具的协调性。明确微观财政政策与产业政策、中小企业政策的关系是日本政府发展经济的明智之举，其利用产业政策非指令性的诱导性，充分发挥微观财政政策的作用机制，从而把握住了对经济全局的宏观调控，实现了经济增长。     

韩国经济发展的产业政策分析

产业政策是一个国家用以扶持国内产业的发展以及促进工业化的经济政策。韩国经济的飞速发展在很大程度上依赖于政府在经济发展不同时期采取的产业政策。韩国产业政策的发展可分为四个阶段。韩国经济发展过程中实施的产业政策对中国经济发展提供了若干思考     

有利因素不断增加的中俄经贸合作

这几年来的情况表明，促进中俄经贸合作发展的因素增加，突出表现在：两国政治关系在各个层面都取得明显进展；国际领域共同的战略依托在增强；对经贸合作重要性的认识日益提高，明确提出2010年两国贸易达到600～800亿美元与2020年中国对俄投资达到120亿美元的目标；两国经济快速芡段对经贸合作产生了积极影响；多年来经贸合作快速发展，为今后发展增加了可能性；能源合作前景看好；圯方边境贸易的潜力巨大。这些有利因素将促进中俄经贸关系的进一步发展。     

论1990年以来越南与日本的经济关系

自20世纪90年代以来，越南与日本的经济关系快速发展，其主要体现在两国的贸易、日本对越南的投资以及日对越ODA为主的经济援助等方面。两国经济关系的快速发展，反映了两国在追求各自国家利益上的一致。一方面，越南为发展国内经济，争取更大的国际市场、国外投资以及外国经济援助，积极同日本发展经济关系；另一方面，日本为逐步扩大对越的影响力，通过贸易、投资以及经济援助等方式推进对越经济外交政策。     

中韩创意产业发展比较研究

创意产业作为一种新兴产业在中韩两国所面临的文化背景、社会环境以及发展战略上有较大的区别。创意产业作为新的经济增长引擎,受到了中韩两国政府的重视,中韩两国在发展创意产业的制度法律、科技投入以及发展空间上虽然各有所长,但分析创意产业核心价值体系、比较两国在发展创意产业发展模式以及主要战略上的差异,对我国今后创意产业的发展方向、战略规划、路径设计都有非常重要的现实意义。     

Partisanship, Trade Policy, and Globalization: Is There a Left–Right Divide on Trade Policy?

Are there noticeable differences among political parties in a country over their trade policy positions? Do left parties advocate different trade policies than right parties? In the advanced industrial countries where labor tends to be scarce, are left parties more protectionist than right ones, which represent capital owners? Political institutions within these democratic countries may affect the role of partisanship. We also investigate whether increasing globalization has led to more or less partisan polarization over trade policy. We examine 25 developed countries from 1945 to 1998 to see how their parties have competed over trade policy. Controlling for various factors, partisanship matters. Right parties consistently take more free trade stances than do left ones. Globalization and other international forces have also shaped both the nature and the extent of the domestic debate over exposure to international trade.     

资产专用性视角的产业集群竞争优势研究——日本汽车产业集群的分析与启示

与美国的汽车产业相比,日本汽车产业集群具有低交易成本与高专用性双重优势,对美日汽车产业集群的比较分析可以为我国区域经济发展的产业集群战略提供借鉴与指导。政府的产业规划不仅是产业区域发展的地理空间规划(工业园区、开发区建设),更应该是企业间分工的产业价值链规划;政府的经济干预不应该局限在税收等产业政策的安排,更应该注重以信誉为核心的制度建设。     

基于产业视角下的云南省与GMS五国贸易动因研究

本文在梳理云南省与澜沧江—大湄公河次区域(GMS)内的缅甸、柬埔寨、老挝、泰国、越南贸易发展状况的基础上,采用显性比较优势指数分析方法研究云南省与五国贸易持续发展的动因。本文研究得出:云南省与GMS五国存在的不同的产业比较优势是推动双方贸易持续发展的动因之一,在此基础上,本文提出云南省发展与GMS五国贸易的对策建议,包括充分发挥云南省的产业比较优势,优化贸易产品结构,积极建立跨境贸易人民币结算体系。     

The impact of infrastructure on trade in Central Asia

This paper aims to investigate the impact of infrastructure on trade in Central Asia based on the data of three countries: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. Empirical estimations are based on panel data for the period 2010–2018. Infrastructure is measured by quality and quantity indicators. Trade flows are measured by the export and import volumes of each of these countries with their main trade partner countries. The results show that both the quality and quantity of infrastructure in Central Asia have a positive impact on trade flows. However, the positive impact of infrastructure over trade demonstrates a diminishing trend. Given the general remote geographical location of Central Asian countries, the findings of this study indicate that a regional approach to the development of infrastructure is important and that policy towards infrastructure development should be associated with a government policy that facilitates international trade.

     

Science and technology in the South Atlantic: minding the gaps

The notion of a geopolitical system known as the South Atlantic is severely tested when it comes to science and technology (S&T), especially given the enormous disparities between (and sometimes within) countries of the region. The essay attempts to characterise the S&T policy pursuits of these countries by dividing them into the most advanced (Brazil and South Africa) versus the poorer remainder, and identifying the most powerful drivers for S&T investment for each group. The practical needs of social and economic development for the latter group are self‐evident. Rather more subtle are the multifaceted initiatives of the two more developed countries, with drivers ranging from prestige and national security to economic competitiveness and growth. The increasing complexity of policy making in Brazil and South Africa is driving analysis of their behaviour more towards the model of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development countries. A major restraint on better research is the parlous state of data on research and development in all of the countries of the region; finding a remedy for that weakness would not only benefit policy researchers but also the policy makers themselves, who lack adequate feedback mechanisms for their investment paths in S&T.     

俄罗斯与东亚法治发展模式之比较——以不同文化模式为背景的视角

俄罗斯与东亚诸国同为后发展国家,现代法治发展模式具有很多相同或相似之处,东亚法治是一种成功的具有积极典范意义的后发外生型法治,对于俄罗斯这样的法治现代化之路较为曲折的国家有着非同寻常的借鉴作用.俄罗斯与东亚法治发展均以现代化为背景,除了在发展时间上不同外,主要的差别在于两种法治发展模式的背后是各具特色的文化传统与价值理念,在法治进程中,对待本土文化的不同态度造就了各自发展之路的差异.通过对外来文化对东亚与俄罗斯的法治发展模式影响的程度与方式的比较,可以为广大非西方国家法治发展中如何使本国实际与外来文明结合提供正反两方面的参照.     

Think Tank Involvement in Foreign Policymaking in the Czech Republic and Poland

Studies on foreign policy think tanks have too often remained disconnected from the analysis of foreign policy outcomes. Yet, investigating the development, functions and influence of think tanks can provide valuable insights into the context in which foreign policy is formulated. The Czech Republic and Poland represent interesting comparative cases in this regard: while Polish think tanks are more numerous and tend to be better placed in international rankings, they are less involved in the policymaking process than their Czech counterparts. This contrast has mainly to do with the sociology of foreign policy elites and the role of political parties in both countries.     

Security sector reform: bringing the private in

As the links between security and development have been increasingly recognized, Security Sector Reform (SSR) has become a central part of development policy. Following a traditional Weberian conception of the state, these programmes are almost exclusively focused on the public security sector, neglecting the extent to which people in developing countries have come to rely on private security providers for their day-to-day security needs. While the reform of public security institutions is undoubtedly important, this article argues that a strict public/private distinction is a poor guide to security sector reform. Focusing on Sierra Leone and Kenya, the article argues that ‘bringing the private in’ is crucial to a comprehensive understanding of the security situation in most countries and that any attempt to ensure better security for all must take account of private actors. Private security companies and their integration into SSR matter not simply in terms of the maintenance of law and order, but also in terms of who has access to security, and ultimately, for the legitimacy of social and political orders.     

The perils of outsourcing post-conflict reconstruction: donor countries,international NGOs and private military and security companies

During the last few years, some donor countries (especially the US and the UK) have been increasingly outsourcing services in post-conflict operations to international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) and private military and security companies (PMSCs). These states have also adopted ‘integrated approaches’ to their policy interventions, contributing to the emergence of an ‘aid and security market’. The article uses ideas from both development and defence studies and re-problematises the contracting states' relationship with PMSCs and INGOs. It argues that although INGOs and PMSCs are very different types of non-state actors, there are striking similarities in outsourcing practices. Moreover, it demonstrates that the leading contracting states have poorly managed their contracts with both INGOs and PMSCs, and have not seriously reflected on the unintended consequences of their contracting practices on the recovery of war-affected countries.     

A population policy and a development policy are one and the same thing. An introduction to World Population Year

The disappointing results of many family planning programs in developing countries can be traced to the fallacious assumption that most poor people want smaller families. In fact, many poor people want large families. This is largely a response to economic conditions. Large numbers of children are considered necessary to provide support for their parents in old age, help with chores, and contribute to the family's income. If the problem is viewed as not only population but also poverty, then the solution becomes not only contraception but also social and economic development. Increasing equality of income distribution and access to social services is the major factor in both promoting development and reducing the birth rate. There is empirical evidence that significant falls in the birth rate occur only when the standard of living rises substantially for the majority of the population. Improvements in socioeconomic conditions can remove the need for large families. Thus, a development policy and a population policy are 1 and the same thing, and more equitable income distribution is the key to both.