专业技术人员资格考试违纪违规行为处理规定

1.2011年3月15日人力资源和社会保障部令第12号公布2.自2011年5月1日起施行第一章总则第一条为加强专业技术人员资格考试工作管理,保证考试的公平、公正,规范对违纪违规行为的认定与处理,维护应试人员和考试工作人员合法权益,根据有关法律、法规制定本规定。第二条本规定适用于在专业技术人员资格考试中违纪违规行为的认定与处理。第三条本规定所称     

构建考试法的思考

考试发展需要法治。考试法是调整法律限定的考试活动各主体相互关系的法律规范,是保障考试活动公平公正实施的行为规则的总和。明确考试法的法律地位、指导思想、立法宗旨、基本原则、调整范围、考试法的特点,是考试法建设的基本要求,也是促进考试法制化、优化考试制度、规范考试行为、保障考试活动健康有序运行的基础性工程。     

和谐视角下民事检察制度的革新

一、法治是构建和谐社会的关键和谐社会的基本特征是民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序，人与自然和谐相处。司法公正是构建和谐社会的基础性保障．也是维护社会公正与社会和谐的制度保障底线。如果司法腐败，将会纵容和放大社会的腐败，将是构建和谐社会的最大障碍。     

高考助人作弊事发，复读损失谁承担？

随着社会经济和教育事业的发展，我国各类教育考试的参考人数逐年增加，国家教育考试的社会影响越来越大，与此同时，各种考试违规行为也如影随形。考场纪律关系到国家教育考试的权威性和严肃性，关系到考试的公平、公正，2004年教育部发布了《国家教育考试违规处理办法》，     

和谐视角下民事检察制度的革新

一、法治是构建和谐社会的关键 和谐社会的基本特征是民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序,人与自然和谐相处.司法公正是构建和谐社会的基础性保障,也是维护社会公正与社会和谐的制度保障底线.如果司法腐败,将会纵容和放大社会的腐败,将是构建和谐社会的最大障碍.     

维护市场正常有序 捍卫社会公正稳定——从刑事角度分析最近的农产品价格上涨问题

当今社会,某些人往往为了追求个人利润的最大化,敢于挑战社会甚至是人类道德的忍耐底线,给社会主义的市场、社会甚至是人民造成了极大的困难和冲击,建议从刑事方面对以上行为予以规制、打击,以有效维护市场的正常有序,捍卫社会的公正稳定。     

大学生考试作弊的对策研究

大学生考试作弊的原因是多样的,成因也是复杂的,从成因分析对策是文章的基本结构。文章从大学生自身的原因和学校、教师、社会等方面分析了大学生考试作弊的原因,提出了要积极引导学生树立正确的考试观念,课程考核与学籍管理方式要灵活,严格考试纪律等对策措施。     

浅析考试作弊行为的刑法规制——以上海市闵行区检察院办理的一起泄露国家秘密案件为视角

我国地域辽阔、人口众多，考试作为升学深造、求职晋升、获取各类专业技术资格的重要手段被广泛采用。据统计，我国每年参加各种考试的人数多达几千万，堪称世界第一考试大国。近年来，考试作弊行为屡禁不止，愈演愈烈，有向产业化发展的不良趋势，几乎规模较大的考试，考前在网络上都能找到众多关于买卖试题及答案、作弊设备的广告。日益严重的考试作弊行为不仅破坏了考场秩序，侵害了广大诚信考生的权益，而且违背了考试制度所追求的公平、公正的人才选拔理念，危害了社会诚信体系，应予严惩。     

国有企业改革与社会公正问题研究

市场经济从本质上说是一种公正经济,国有企业改革作为我国经济改革的核心内容,在追求经济效率的同时,必须重视实现和推进社会公正。不可否认,在国企改革过程中产生的社会不公现象,影响了改革的进程,甚至威胁到社会的长治久安。应当尽快建立和完善社会保障体系,在国企改革和社会公正之间找到最佳的平衡点,促进国企改革在维护社会公正的前提下展开。     

试论增设妨害考试罪

一般而言,考试要经过试题的制作与保管、考试与评阅试卷、招生录取三个基本的环节.我国现有的刑事立法,除了刑法第398条规定的泄露国家秘密罪、刑法第418条规定的招收公务员、学生构私舞弊罪可分别适用于开考前的从卷的制作、运输,与保管中的保密阶段和从考试成绩造册入档以后的招生录取以外,而从开考至确定考试成绩的这一实质性考试阶段则无相应的刑法条款可依.随着近年来各类重大考试舞弊案件的相继发生,为弥补立法空白,解决适用法律的困难,维护正常的考试秩序,笔者建议在刑法中增没妨害考试罪.     

论作为第三种规范的法律正义

将法、正义、法律正义视为同一事物的意念 ,是一个需待澄清的误解性意念。法、正义、法律正义不仅有重合会通的一面 ,更有各自的界限。法是一种常见的制度规范 ,正义是一种高层次伦理规范 ,而法律正义则是融合了法和正义两种要素的第三种规范。法律正义也是一种正义 ,是正义中的基本正义、有形正义和正义中的强者。法律正义也是一种法律规范 ,是高层次法律规范 ,是区别于恶法劣法的良规良法 ,是理想和现实相结合的法律规范。明辨三者的界限 ,方能洞知法有良恶优劣的分别 ,完整地认知法的面貌 ,倾力于建设以良法美制为基础的现代法治国家     

From the Inside/Out: Greene County Jail Inmates on Restorative ReEntry

The application of criminal justice sanctions is often misguided by a failure to recognize the need for a comprehensive approach in the transformation of offenders into law-abiding citizens. Restorative justice is a growing movement within criminal justice that recognizes the disconnect between offender rehabilitative measures and the social dynamics within which offender reentry takes place. By using restorative approaches to justice, what one hopes of these alternative processes is that the offenders become reconnected to the community and its values, something rarely seen in retributive models in which punishment is imposed and offenders can often experience further alienation from society. In this study, the authors wish to examine factors that contribute to failed prisoner reentry and reintegration and explore how restorative reintegration processes can address these factors as well as the needs, attitudes, and perceptions that help construct and maintain many of the obstacles and barriers returning inmates face when attempting to reintegrate into society.     

Criminal Justice Education and Training in North Carolina: History and Development from 1920 to 1980

This paper examines and analyzes primary and secondary data relative to the history and development of criminal justice education and training in North Carolina for six decades. Emphasis is focused on the early attempts to provide education and training for criminal justice personnel from 1920 to 1940, the expansion and improvement in criminal justice education and training from 1940 to 1960, and the establishment of criminal justice education and training programs in two-year community colleges and technical institutes and four-year senior public and private postsecondary education institutions from 1960 to 1980. In addition to discussing the similarities and differences in the methods utilized by institutions to establish criminal justice education and training programs, this paper discusses the curricula, course offerings, and characteristics of the faculties, as well as internal and external conditions, forces, and factors that influenced the history and development of education and training programs for criminal justice personnel. As a result of the impact of these and various influences from within police departments and individual institutions, educational and governmental state agencies, and from demands and needs of criminal justice personnel and society for better protection and safety, criminal justice education and training programs were in force at 15 two-year community colleges, 30 two-year technical institutes, 10 four-year senior, public institutions, and eight four-year, senior, private institutions in North Carolina in 1978.     

THE SPECIALIZATION OF JUSTICE ORGANS AND PROFESSIONALIZATION OF JUSTICE PERSONNEL IN CHINESE JUVENILE CRIMINAL CASES

Juvenile criminal cases should be investigated, prosecuted and judged by specialized organs and full-time personnel China should follow international criminal judicial criteria and implement the relevant laws, such as the Chinese Criminal Procedure Law and the Law on Protection of Minors in China, to promote the specialization of justice organs and the professionalization of justice personnel involved in juvenile criminal cases.     

司法能动的软法之治

随着现代社会的转型,司法者需要在司法过程中发挥司法能动性,但过分司法能动又会损害司法权的地位。治理司法能动的手段可以是硬法,但更多的是软法。软法治理就是要通过普遍认同的方式来谋取司法裁量的正当性,并寻求多种治理路径,通过建立一定的软法保障机制,发挥软法的＂软约束力＂,推动司法目标的实现。     

刑法司法公信力:从基础到进退

与司法公信力和司法公众认同之间的关系相对应,刑法司法公信力与刑法司法公众认同也互为表里,且后者构成了前者的基础。刑法司法公信力与刑法司法公众认同之间的关系有着心理学基础和规范有效性基础,并蕴藏着有效控制犯罪以达致维护社会和谐稳定的最终法治效果。如果想确保并提升刑法司法公信力,则必须致力于刑法司法公众认同,包括刑法解释公众认同、司法定罪公众认同和司法量刑公众认同。刑法司法解释公众认同、司法定罪公众认同和司法量刑公众认同先后构成了刑法司法公信力的环节性基础,从而确保了刑法司法公信力的环节性实现。刑法司法公信力以价值衡量为进,以法治底线为退。     

和谐社会的刑事法治理性探讨

构建和谐社会需要实质的刑事法治,尤其需要高度重视、重新审视和检讨刑事政策的公正价值与谦抑宽容理性,合理兼顾犯罪防控和人权保障。在理论上,片面强调以报应主义论证刑法公正,把“刑法公正必然内在要求报应主义”这个命题作为一个“不言自明”的公理是存在很大疑问的。在刑事政策意义上的相对公正理性,不但内含了对犯罪规律的基本认识、对犯罪态势的基本判断、对可资利用的现实物质基础和精神文化资源的基本估价、对社会发展的基本考量、对人权尊重的基本态度,还内含了人性假设的基本立场以及在特定历史条件下的价值权衡和价值取向。现代刑事政策内含的谦抑宽容价值理念应当充分体现出最大限度地保障人权、最大限度地促进社会发展、最大限度地体现相对公正、最小限度地维持必要秩序这样一种“三大一小”理念;因此,现代刑事政策理念应当坚持“人权保障至上”、反对“犯罪防控至上”,坚持“公正至上”、反对“效率至上”。     

禁止就业歧视的"人本"之维

禁止就业歧视的"人本"价值在于:实现人的生存权和发展权,维护人格尊严、实现正义,维护人类共同利益、实现社会和谐。我国禁止就业歧视的法律较好地体现了"人本"精神,但也有一些不足,应当加以完善。     

新的法律虚无主义之批判——基于民事司法的视角

古今中外均曾有过形形色色的法律虚无主义思潮。新中国成立以来,曾一度盛行完全否认法律作用的法律虚无主义,使得中国社会全面陷入了"无法无天"的混乱状况,甚至到了崩溃的边缘。当前,中国特色的社会主义法律体系已经形成,法治的观念亦已初步深入人心。然而,近些年来,在我国民事司法领域却悄然出现了新的法律虚无主义倾向与实践,集中表现为轻视、否认、虚置立法权威与法律规范的"违法司法"与"法外操作"等。我们坚决反对任何形式的法律虚无主义,倡导在严格遵守现行立法与遵循司法规律的前提下适度地能动司法,这是社会主义司法原则不可动摇的基本要求,也是建设社会主义法治国家的必由之路。     

Legal Protection Against Domestic Violence in India: Scope and Limitations

This paper deals with the scope and limits of legal measures to curb domestic violence against women in India. The Indian state has enacted several laws in the past to address the issue and recently a new comprehensive law is added to the list. The new law has become an alternative to many urban victims. Yet, a review of the performance of the old and new laws on domestic violence proves that legal measures to curb domestic violence have serious limitations. They could neither guarantee any reduction in the extent of such violence, nor could they expedite the justice delivery system in India. Much remains to be done to ensure gender justice in a patriarchal society. Discussion here is based on secondary data and supplemented by field data collected through qualitative research informed by feminist epistemology in the district of Burdwan, West Bengal.