我国刑事责任年龄规定之反思

我国现行刑法只规定了刑事责任的最低年龄 ,这是不完善的。从自然规律、刑罚目的等各方面进行考察 ,刑法都应规定刑事责任的最高年龄。在完善我国刑事责任年龄制度时 ,应综合考虑各种因素。对无刑事责任的年老者的危害行为的处置可参照对未成年人危害行为的处置办法     

反垄断法中设立刑事责任制度之思考

刑事责任是对非法垄断行为进行法律制裁的重要手段,我国《反垄断法》中刑事责任制度的缺失不利于对非法垄断行为进行有效地规制。本文通过对其他国家或地区反垄断刑事责任制度立法的比较分析,指出我国反垄断法的刑事责任制度应当从非法垄断行为罪名的确定及其行为性质的认定、刑事责任追究机制、刑种等方面予以确立。     

刑事责任能力新论

我国刑事责任能力理论认为刑事责任能力不仅是犯罪主体的构成要素,也是判断行为人的行为是否构成犯罪的重要因素,从概念、构成要素和影响因素等方面对刑事责任能力进行重新建构,认为刑事责任能力是刑事责任主体的构成要素,也是判断犯罪主体是否能够承担刑事责任的必要条件。     

论经济犯罪刑事责任的界定及其特征

经济犯罪刑事责任是经济犯罪行为引起的必然性的否定性法律后果。本文以分析经济犯罪刑事责任的概念为基础，从不同方面论述了经济犯罪刑事责任的特征，从而有利于区分经济犯罪刑事责任与其行政责任、民事责任的不同点。     

货币犯罪比较研究

世界上绝大多数国家或地区都把针对货币的犯罪行为,列入了打击的对象,一些国家的刑法都辟专章专节将货币犯罪来规定。在罪名体系上,国外刑法将伪造、变造货币行为列为货币犯罪的首要打击对象,对变造假币的行为明确规定为犯罪,对取得或交付使用假币的行为有不同的规定形式。国外刑法大多将走私假币作为运输假币或输入、输出假币的行为处理,而我国刑法对走私假币规定为一种走私罪,对危害货币管理行为的主观目的明确予以规定。对伪造货币的预备形态进行惩罚,重视对外币保护,各国刑法对货币犯罪的规定虽然各不相同,但在很多方面有共同的特征。     

论盗窃未遂的定罪处罚

盗窃未遂的定罪处罚在我国一直是一个有争议的难题。盗窃未遂是犯罪未遂中的一种具体形态,对于盗窃未遂的行为理应追究刑事责任,否则便违背了罪刑法定原则和主客观相统一原则。盗窃未遂行为的判断标准应该从盗窃数额、盗窃次数以及其他情节这三个方面来考虑。     

基本刑事责任与派生刑事责任--澳大利亚视角

没有直接实施犯罪客观构成要件的行为,但对犯罪的实施起一定作用的人,可以构成从犯或次犯。根据一般规则,他们的责任是派生的,并从属于实施犯罪客观构成要件之行为者的责任。如果不加以限制,该规则就会导致一些极其无价值之无罪判决。为给那些甚至在直接实行行为人因某种原因不构成犯罪的情况下,间接地参与犯罪的人定罪,英国和澳大利亚法院都采用了一定的原则或者策略。有一些案件中的论理好象要否定一般规则,但大多数权威人士虽然接受一般规则,但却又劈出一块作为有限的例外。在英国法中,主要例外是无辜代理之例外。澳大利亚法院则更为慎用这一策略,而力求通过协作行为原则定罪。本文坚持认为,在某些案件中,追究刑事责任的一个更好的基础,是因果关系这一基础。导致一个无责任者实施犯罪客观构成要件的人,是主犯而不是次犯。除此之外,他们的刑事责任所要求之犯罪主观构成要件,是个犯或主犯所要求之主观要件,而不是次要主体之主观要件。     

重婚罪犯罪构成之我见

根据《刑法》第二百五十八条及有关司法解释规定,重婚罪是指有配偶或者明知他人有配偶而与之结婚的行为。本文主要从犯罪构成方面对重婚罪进行剖析。     

操纵证券市场行为的法律责任

操纵证券市场行为法律责任属于证券法律责任的范畴之内,其责任形式主要有操纵证券市场行为的民事责任、行政责任及刑事责任。当前操纵证券市场行为的责任追究存在法律责任规定分散,操纵行为的认定行政法规规定与刑事司法解释规定不一,对民事责任重视不够,刑事规制门槛太高等不足。建议建立操纵证券市场行为的民事赔偿制度;协调民事赔偿与行政处罚、刑事制裁;适当降低刑法就定罪"定量"方面的要求,转以"定性"为主,增设资格刑,在立法方式上协调刑事责任与行政责任;加强行政监管力度,有效预防违法犯罪。     

论量刑根据──兼及刑法第61条的立法完善

量刑根据是量刑的基础。我国刑法中的刑事责任的内涵不同于欧陆刑法中的责任,决定了我国不能照搬欧陆刑法关于量刑根据的规定。我国的量刑根据由行为刑事责任与性格刑事责任所构成,行为刑事责任是基本的量刑根据,性格刑事责任是补充的量刑根据,两者的结合兼顾了报应与预防。行为刑事责任的程度表现为基本法定刑、加重或者减轻法定刑和由犯罪情节所影响的处罚轻重等三个层次。性格刑事责任的程度应由法官具体判断。现行刑法第61条关于量刑根据的规定,存在主旨不明和表述不清的弊端,应当加以完善。     

Can a hyphen substitute a space in a domain name?

A recent decision of the Danish Complaints Board for DomainNames addressed the issue of hyphenating words in domain namesto get around the word spacing problem, where the domain namein question conflicted with rights in a personal name.     

律师何以成讼棍

律师向法官行贿并非新闻,暗地里向审判官行贿是讼棍们祖传秘术。让人拍案惊奇的是,这位律师竟然将历来暗地里进行的潜规则公开化,合了一句成语——贿赂公行。讼棍并非是我们时代的新产品,它是专制权力的“传家宝”。宋人在《戒讼录》中曾以歌谣的形式唱道:“些小言辞莫若休,不须经县与经州,衙头府底陪茶酒,赢得猫儿卖了牛。”为何赢了猫儿卖了牛?因为牛被松棍和贪官污吏们合伙吃了去。讼棍们是如何工作的?曹雪芹在其名著《红楼梦》一书中介绍了天下第一能干、漂亮的讼棍王熙凤的入道过程。做托的是馒头庵的老尼。案情是这样的:一个大财主的…     

Why a Jury Trial is More Like a Movie Than a Novel

This essay is concerned to note the way in which successful trial advocacy seems to stem from the ability to convert legal discourse into a story form. These stories need to be ones with which a jury is familiar. These increasingly come from visual media, particularly film. It looks in detail at one trial where this process of relating a defence to the jury employed the structure of a Mafia film. The essay concludes by examining the reasons why the nature of the novel differs significantly from that of the film and how in the novel-to-film adaptation process a certain simplification is bound to occur.     

From a Civil Libertarian to a Sanitarian

This article is a contribution to the occasional series dealing with a major book that influenced the author. Previous contributors include Stewart Macaulay, John Griffith, William Twining, Carol Harlow, Geoffrey Bindman, Harry Arthurs, André-Jean Arnaud, Alan Hunt, and Michael Adler.     

Wind-drag estimation in a traffic accident involving a motor scooter and a tractor-trailer

This case report describes a noncontact traffic accident involving a motor scooter and a tractor-trailer with a focus on the wind-drag effect. We used load cells to measure the drag force acting on a substantially similar motor scooter when a substantially similar tractor-trailer passes by it, taking into consideration various speeds of the tractor-trailer and distances between the two vehicles. A three-dimensional steady-state flow analysis was also performed by using the CFX program for computational fluid dynamics to examine the streamlines and the pressure distribution around the tractor-trailer at various speeds. From the experiment, for a separation distance of 1.0 m (3.28 ft) and a speed of 90 km/h (55.9 mph), the maximum resultant drag force is 124.5 N (28 lb); this constitutes a degree of force that could abruptly disrupt the stability in maneuvering by an operator who is unaware of the approaching tractor-trailer. In addition, a single equation that relates the tractor-trailer speed to the drag force that acts on the motor scooter was derived on the basis of the Reynolds number (Re) and the wind-drag coefficient (C(d)): C(d) = 1.298 × 10(-7) Re.     

Toolmark Identification of a Mattock to a Clod of Soil from a Grave

Abstract: At a recent bushland gravesite that contained a deceased male, a clod of soil displaying a striated toolmark was collected during the excavation of the grave. This clod was preserved, and the mark was cast using Mikrosil?. Shovels and a mattock, which had been discarded by the suspects, were subsequently found at another location. A toolmark comparison identified the hoe end of the mattock head as having produced the striated toolmark.     

Calculating likelihood ratios for a mixed DNA profile when a contribution from a genetic relative of a suspect is proposed

This technical note describes a practical method for evaluating evidence in the case of a two person conditioned DNA mixture where the defence proposition is that the unknown contributor is genetically related to the suspect. A conditioned mixture is one where the presence of DNA from one of two individuals is accepted by both prosecution and defence. A typical example would be a vaginal swab in an alleged rape case, where the presence of the complainant's DNA would be expected and samples have been taken from the complainant and a suspect. Much has been written about the interpretation of such mixtures and the calculation of the conditional genotype probabilities that must be carried out. In general, such treatments assume that the unknown contributor, under the defence proposition, is unrelated to the known individuals. In this paper, we consider the case where the defence proposition is that the unknown contributor is genetically related to the suspect. We describe a method, incorporating a flow chart and reference tables that facilitate manual calculations of the likelihood ratio for several postulated genetic relationships.