实现担保物权程序适用中的相关法律问题——以新《民事诉讼法》第196条、第197条为中心

修改后的《民事诉讼法》第196条、第197条新增加了实现担保物权程序,这是我国首次通过程序立法的形式明确了实现担保物权的程序规则,衔接了民事实体法与民事程序法,也实现了我国担保物权实现程序的"非讼化"。由于立法规定较为原则,实践中无先例可资借鉴,加之审判实践中长期形成的以诉讼方式实现担保物权的固有思维方式和审判定式,致使对该程序的理解与适用存有诸多意见。本文以《民事诉讼法》第196条、第197条为中心,结合修改后《民事诉讼法》实施以来审判实践中的问题,重点就实现担保物权程序的法律属性、申请主体的范围、法院的管辖、申请实现担保物权的条件、法院审查的标准、裁定的作出、收费的标准等问题进行了探讨。     

“解释论”语境下担保物权实现的非讼程序——兼评《民事诉讼法》第196条、第197条

2012年修订的《民事诉讼法》确立了"实现担保物权案件"的非讼程序,由于立法简略,实践中各地法院操作混乱,亟需从解释论上予以回应。在解释论上,该程序应以形式审查为原则。同时,在审查中应当保障担保人、债务人的陈述权。经该程序作出的许可拍卖、变卖裁定在性质上为"对物之执行名义",法院只能对该裁定指向的特定担保财产进行拍卖、变卖。在非讼审查过程中,如就担保物权的有效成立、担保物权实现的条件等实体问题出现争议时,由争议主体向有管辖权法院提起诉讼予以解决。     

形式审查抑或实质审查:实现担保物权案件审查标准探析

实现担保物权案件的审查标准是实现担保物权程序中的核心问题,也是司法适用中亟需解决的关键问题.其审查标准关涉各方主体的利益,需立法特别予以明确.新修订的我国《民事诉讼法》对实现担保物权案件审查标准的规定过于模糊,不足以为司法实践中实现担保物权案件的审理提供具体的指引,也导致学界及实务部门对实现担保物权案件的审查标准存在分歧.秉承合乎审查目的内在要求、注重权利迅速实现和保护、尊重物权公示公信原则等基本理念,我国实现担保物权案件的审查标准应为形式审查,这是由实现担保物权案件不存在实体争议的特征所决定的,是实现担保物权程序高效快捷的立法目的所必须的,是实现担保物权非讼程序的性质所要求的,也是实现担保物权立法国际化发展趋势所必然的.     

实现担保物权案件中的当事人范围与实现条件

2012年修正后的《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》(以下简称《民事诉讼法》)在第十五章"特别程序"中增设"实现担保物权案件"一节,为担保物权的实现新设了一条快速通道,建立了非讼与诉讼相衔接的担保物权实现模式。但是,由于担保物权的实现程序是一项新制度,实践中无先例可资借鉴,加之该制度规定较为原则,因     

担保物权实现程序研究——以新《民事诉讼法》的相关规定为出发点

2012年8月31日新通过的《民事诉讼法》在第十五章“特别程序”中增设了“实现担保物权案件”这一特别程序，明确了担保物权的实现可以通过非讼程序进行，为担保物权人实现权利提供了快捷通道。实现担保物权案件的申请人应包括抵押权人、质权人、留置权人以及出质人、财产被留置的债务人。法院对于实现担保物权案件只作程序性审查，对于抵押权所担保的债权是否存在等实体问题无需审查。对人保和物保并存的案件，可以适用实现担保物权特别程序。     

实现担保物权非讼许可裁定的文本分析——基于北京、重庆、广东三地法院的考察

《民事诉讼法》中新增的实现担保物权非讼程序,目的是在程序主体对主债权、担保物权等实体问题不存在争执的基础上做出许可执行拍卖、变卖裁定。而通过对北京、重庆、广东三地法院做出的许可裁定书文本分析得知,法院对优先权、优先受偿数额等相关实体问题是否在裁定书中做出处理的态度大相径庭。从认识归因上讲,主要是对形式审查原则认识不清。对此,从法理解释来看,许可裁定书不仅要对担保财产"是否"以及"如何"拍卖、变卖做出裁断,还应对优先受偿数额等实体问题进行确认。该裁定性质上为"对物的执行名义",具有执行力。     

审理实现担保物权案件若干实务问题探析

实现担保物权程序是2012年修订的《民事诉讼法》增设的一项新制度,首次明确了以非讼方式作为担保物权实现的新途径。浙江法院先试先行、积极探索,充分发挥特别程序快审快结的制度效用。本文在总结浙江审判经验的基础上,对当前人民法院审理实现担保物权案件中遇到的若干疑难问题进行了梳理和剖析,并提出相应处理思路,供审判实践参考。     

浅议抵押担保物权实现程序的适用问题

担保物权的主要功能是担保债权的实现，担保物权人依法享有对担保标的物的变价权，其实现方式对于担保物权人而言尤为重要。在我国现行民法通则和担保法规定，抵押权人与抵押人协议不成的，抵押权人只能通过向人民法院提起诉讼的方式实现。通过诉讼的方式实现担保物权。程序复杂且时间较长．不利于债权人利益的保障。虽然之后的《物权法》规定了抵押权人可以向法院请求拍卖和变卖抵押财产，但是如何申请、具体适用何种程序申请一直未得到程序法的配合，使实体上的权利无法获得司法程序的保障。域外立法关于担保权实现的程序主要有诉讼、申请拍卖和非讼三种途径。新《民诉法》正式颁布后，我国采用非诉讼途径实现担保物权初步具备了程序法依据，此种制度设置具有必要性和可行性，但在实际操作中也存在一些问题。本文将根据新《民诉法》出台后，本院对实现担保抵押物权案件程序适用出现的情况进行归纳，并提出初步建议。     

论《民法典各分编(草案)》“担保物权”的制度完善——以《民法典各分编(草案)》第一编物权为分析对象

《民法典各分编(草案)》第一编物权对担保物权制度作了体系化的规定。因受"物债"不分的制度逻辑的影响,民法典草案在构造担保物权的一般规定以及类型化担保物权的制度结构方面,虽有改善《物权法》规定的某些制度的努力,但总体上对2007年制定的《物权法》规定的担保物权的制度逻辑和体系梳理未有实质性的改善,仍普遍存在担保物权规范的制度逻辑不清晰、制度规范缺位或选择失当、担保物权制度的结构性缺陷等诸多问题。民法典草案首先应当摒弃自《担保法》以来我国发展担保物权制度体系的"物债"不分的制度逻辑,以现有的担保物权制度结构和体系为基础,重构担保物权的一般规定,构造逻辑关系相对清晰的担保物权规范,以完善作为民法典组成部分的担保物权制度。     

论实现船舶抵押权的非诉程序

船舶抵押权的实现途径直接关系到实现船舶抵押权的时间成本.《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》规定的实现担保物权非诉程序,适用于船舶抵押权的实现,改变了船舶抵押权通过诉讼程序解决的传统模式.就船舶抵押权适用担保物权实现程序涉及的主体资质、管辖权、受理与审查等相关问题加以分析.     

A scale for measuring propensity for abusiveness

A brief self-report is described that assesses propensity for male abusiveness of a female partner in intimate relationships. The Propensity for Abusiveness Scale (PAS) items is nonreactive and contains no explicit reference to abusive behavior. The scale has good psychometric properties, with Cronbach's alpha of 0.91 and three distinct factors. Data were provided by 140 men in treatment for wife assault and by 63 of their female partners. In addition, 44 demographically matched men and 33 of their partners were evaluated. The scale was validated against reports of abuse victimization by men's female partners using the Psychological Maltreatment of Women Inventory (Tolman, 1988). The scale correlated 0.51 with women's reports of male Domination/Isolation tactics, and 0.47 with Emotional Abuse scale scores. A discriminant function for high versus low abusiveness indicated that the PAS correctly classified 82.2% of men into high (one standard deviation below) abusiveness. Social desirability corrections do not significantly change the trend of correlations of the PAS with criterion variables. A cross validation of the scale supported the initial results. The scale also correlates significantly with physical abuse.     

Ethics for Lawyers or Ethics for Citizens? New Directions for Legal Education

The Lord Chancellor's Advisory Committee on Legal Education andConduct (ACLEC) has called for the reconstruction of the ethicalfoundations of legal education. However, it has not justified its premisethat teaching legal values at the initial stage will enhance professionallegal ethics. It is argued that the present system of education, given itstechnocratic, individualistic, and authoritarian tendencies, cannot meetACLEC's challenge. A more ethical legal education can be envisagedwithin a neo-Aristotelian framework. This perspective emphasizes thereflexivity between micro and macro ethics, and utilizes the active andparticipatory learning approaches which should enable students to engagein meaningful moral discourse and problem solving.     

Challenges for teaching interaction skills for law students

Abstract

Are lawyers witty courtroom heroes or professionals working with and for people? Is law only universal judgements and afterthoughts or could it also be preventive and proactive individual planning and dialogue? The traditional legal education could be seen to have been based on the first assumptions. The course “Interaction skills for lawyers”, in the Faculty of Law at the University of Helsinki (Finland), evolves instead from the latter assumptions. In this article we relate our starting points in planning the course and evaluate our challenges and experiences in developing it.     

外观设计专利授权的实质要件探讨

外观设计专利新颖性有绝对新颖性、相对新颖性和缓和新颖性三种。我国正在修订的专利法宜继续坚持混合新颖性标准,其比较对象原则上应限于产品外观设计.抵触申请也可破坏外观设计专利申请的新颖性。我国外观设计专利应引入创造性标准,对同一申请人同日在相同产品上中请的多个相似外观设计,不宜被认定为重复授权。此外,我国外观设计专利应继续坚持“美感”标准。     

Cooperation Challenges for the Special Tribunal for Lebanon

While the Agreement between the United Nations and Lebanon providesa solid framework for cooperation between the Special Tribunaland Lebanon, Security Council Resolution 1757 (2007) is silenton the duty of third states to assist the Tribunal. As a result,the Special Tribunal will be confronted with a variety of obstaclesand problems in obtaining their cooperation, which may seriouslyhamper its functioning.     

论刑事审判监督程序的理论基础

对我国刑事审判监督程序进行改革和完善 ,就要对刑事再审制度的理论基础进行深入研究。对于西方国家既判力理论、避免双重危险理论等原则中所体现的有益价值观 ,也应从我国的实际出发 ,在构建我国刑事再审制度的理论基础中加以吸收。通过研究刑事再审制度的理论基础 ,推动刑事诉讼改革 ,逐步建立和完善中国特色的刑事再审制度 ,努力促进在全社会实现公平和正义的目标。     

Association for Conflict Resolution Guidelines for Eldercaring Coordinators

On November 6, 2014, the AFCC Board of Directors endorsed the Association for Conflict Resolution (ACR) Guidelines for Eldercaring Coordination, including ethical principles for Eldercaring Coordinators, training protocols, and court pilot project template. The collaboration between Task Forces created by ACR and the Florida Chapter of AFCC, composed of twenty U.S./Canadian and twenty Florida‐wide organizations, produced both an overarching guide to assist in the development of programs and a more detailed model addressing state/province‐specific needs and characteristics. Eldercaring coordination is a dispute resolution option specifically for high‐conflict cases involving the care, needs, and safety of elders.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
• There are currently no dispute resolution options for parties involved in high‐conflict cases regarding the care, needs, and safety of an elder.
• The ACR Guidelines for Eldercaring Coordination address the discrepancies between dispute resolution options available for parents in conflict regarding their minor children and mature families with unresolved concerns about the care, needs, and safety of an elder.
• The ACR Guidelines for Eldercaring Coordination provide information regarding the ethical practice of eldercaring coordination including a specific definition, recommended qualifications, ethical practices, grievance procedures, training protocols, and a court pilot project template.
• The practice of eldercaring coordination will address the influx of court cases expected as baby boomers continue to age, reducing delays in court hearings, as parties will have the opportunity to resolve their concerns without continuous court attention.
• As of June 2015, five states began Pilot Projects on Eldercaring Coordination, which will be studied by an independent research group to enhance the progress of the process and to develop the best practices for initiating the programs elsewhere.

     

永远怀念郑成思老师

2006年9月10日,当全中国的教师们还在以各自的方式感受第22个教师节的时候,你走了。我们只是感到突然,但并不意外。因为从你的病情被确诊的那一刻起我们就知道,这一天,正在一步一步向我们逼近。一年多来,每当星期二上班或有其他聚会的时候,我们总是小心翼翼地谈到你,三言两语而已。因为我们深怕对你的健康的担忧和牵挂会让我们没有办法若无其事地工作和生活。我们一直有一种凄然的默契:没有你的消息就是