Marx,Engels, and Ecology*

The following is a brief survey of Marx and Engels’ views on ecology, from the viewpoint of their relevance for 21th-century ecosocialism. While there are some serious limitations in the way both consider the “development of productive forces,” there are powerful insights in their discussion of the destructive consequences of capitalist expansion for the environment—an expansion that generates a disastrous metabolic rift in the exchanges between human societies and nature. Some ecological Marxists distinguish between “first stage ecosocialists”—who believe that Marx analyses on ecological issues are too incomplete and dated to be of real relevance today—and “second stage ecosocialists,” who emphasize the contemporary methodological significance of Marx’s ecological critique of capitalism. This paper tries to argue for a third position (which probably could be accepted by several people of the two groups above): Marx and Engels’ discussion on ecological issues is incomplete and dated but despite these shortcomings it does have real relevance and methodological significance today.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this issue. Democratic Flaws
RICHARD BOURKE The Life and Death of Democracy, by John Keane. Flawed democracy
Gianfranco Pasquino Democracy Inc. Managed Democracy and the Specter of Inverted Totalitarianism, by Sheldon Wolin. Democracy in the Land of Good Things (Britain)
Richard Mullender Democracy: 1,000 Years in Pursuit of British Liberty, by Peter Kellner. The soldier's right to kill
Christopher Finlay Killing in War, by Jeff McMahan. Facts from Eastern Europe and elsewhere
Richard Briand Facts are Subversive: Political Writing from a Decade without a Name, by Timothy Garton Ash. The soul of Tony Blair
Ilaria Favretto Losing Labour's Soul? New Labour and the Blair Government, 1997–2007, by Eric Shaw. Greeks and Turks in Europe and Cyprus
Mehmet Ugur Turkey's Accession to the European Union: An Unusual Candidacy, by Constantine Arvanitopoulos. Cyprus: The Post‐Imperial Constitution, by Vassilis K. Fouskas and Alex O. Tackie. Obama's last chance
Tony Klug The Last Chance: The Middle East in the Balance, by David Gardner. Thatcher's grandchildren
Mark Garnett Thatcher's Britain: The Politics and Social Upheaval of the 1980s, by Richard Vinen.     

晚年恩格斯哲学的历史语境与百年论争

晚年恩格斯在马克思逝世后对这位共同合作40年的挚友思想的权威解释形成了极具影响力的研究范式,他所构建的马克思主义哲学内在逻辑彰显了科学的唯物主义自然观和历史观的辩证统一,其中呈现的思维规律在很大程度上代表了马克思主义哲学的本质特征。这种思路后来遭到多种质疑,澄清这个问题,需要理解围绕晚年恩格斯展开的百年论争的实质,在历史语境中解读马克思和恩格斯的学术关系,进而在当代视域中理解晚年恩格斯哲学的广博性和大众化特征。这是促进马克思主义哲学中国化、时代化、大众化的应有之义。     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed: Andrei Shleifer and Daniel Treisman, Without a Map: Political Tactics and Economic Reform in Russia Graeme Gill and Roger D. Marwick, Russia's Stillborn Democracy: From Gorbachev to Yeltsin Vladimir Mau, Russian Economic Reforms as Seen by an Insider Kate Hudson, European Communism since 1989: Towards a New European Left? Andrew Chadwick, Augmenting Democracy: Political Movements and Constitutional Reform during the Rise of Labour, 1900–1924 Norman Fairclough, New Labour, New Language? David Coates, Models of Capitalism Alexander de Conde, Presidential Machismo: Executive Authority, Military Intervention, and Foreign Relations Bernard Crick, Essays on Citizenship Nick Pearce and Joe Hallgarten, (eds) Tomorrow's Citizens: Critical Debates in Citizenship and Education Christian Joppke, Immigration and the Nation State: The United States, Germany and Great Britain Robert Geyer, Christine Ingebritsen and Jonathon W. Moses, (eds) Globalization, Europeanization and the End of Scandinavian Social Democracy? John Campbell, Margaret Thatcher, vol. 1: The Grocer's Daughter     

马克思主义中国化中的文本阅读问题

文本阅读是马克思主义中国化的基础,但阅读理解马克思恩格斯的文本要受到文本本身以及阅读者自身各种复杂因素的制约。就文本而言,马克思恩格斯没有对自己的思想做过专门的系统阐述,许多论述是在某些具体环境中针对具体条件做出的,其理论价值和实践意义与这些条件密切相关;就阅读者而言,他的个性、知识背景,特别是他所在社会的发展状况,决定了他对马克思恩格斯文本的选择与理解。这两方面的情况使得任何人对马克思主义的理解都有相对性,都不可能与所涉及的马克思恩格斯论述的本意完全一致。这要求在马克思主义中国化中,每个人都要有谦虚的开放的心态,相互尊重,切忌"唯我独马";同时,究竟谁的理解正确,往往只有通过实践检验才能做出结论。     

The ‘Othering’ of ‘Red Ed’, or How the Daily Mail ‘Framed’ the British Labour Leader

This article takes as its starting point the attack on the late Ralph Miliband, the left‐wing intellectual and father of the current Labour leader Ed Miliband, by the Daily Mail in late 2013. It argues that this attack was a response by the Mail to its failed campaign to dub the Labour leader ‘Red Ed’. The article demonstrates that ever since Miliband won the Labour leadership in 2009, the Mail has sought to ‘other’ him by presenting him as ‘alien’—this by constant references to his Jewish background, his upbringing in a wealthy North London intellectual milieu, his supposed extreme left‐wing views and his ineffable ‘oddness’—at least, an oddness as characterised by the newspaper. The paper will conclude by asking why the Daily Mail's ‘Red Ed’ moniker failed to catch on, while noting that their ‘Odd Ed’ moniker seems to have had more resonance.     

Book Reviews

Andrew Levine, Arguing for Socialism—Theoretical Considerations (Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1984).

Irving Howe, Socialism and America (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1985).

Ellen Meiksins Wood, The Retreat from Class: A New “True” Socialism (London: Verso/American distributor: Shocken, 1986)

Joanne Barkan, Visions of Emancipation: the Italian Workers’ Movement Since 1945. (New York City: Praeger, 1984)

Carlos M. Vilas, The Sandinista Revolution: National Liberation and Social Transformation in Central America, trans. Judy Butler (New York City: Monthly Review Press, 1986)

Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis, Democracy and Capitalism—Property, Community, and the Contradictions of Modern Social thought (New York: Basic Books, 1986).

Richard Levins and Richard Lewontin, The Dialectical Biologist. (Cambridge, Ma.: Harvard University Press, 1985).

Anthony Giddens, The Nation‐State and Violence: Volume Two of The Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism. (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1985)

Bob Jessop, Nicos poulantzas. Marxist theory and political strategy, (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1985).     

Pierre Bourdieu: From Neo-Kantian to Hegelian Critical Social Theory

Abstract

This paper challenges the commonly made claim that the work of Pierre Bourdieu is fundamentally anti-Hegelian in orientation. In contrast, it argues that the development of Bourdieu's work from its earliest structuralist through its later ‘post-structuralist’ phase is better described in terms of a shift from a late nineteenth century neo-Kantian to a distinctly Hegelian post-Kantian outlook. In his break with structuralism, Bourdieu appealed to a bodily based logic of practice' to explain the binaristic logic of Lévi-Strauss' structuralist analyses of myth. Effectively working within the tradition of the Durkheimian approach to symbolic classification, Lévi-Strauss had inherited Durkheim's distinctly neo-Kantian understanding of the role of categories in experience and action—an account that conflated two forms of representation—‘intuitions’ and ‘concepts’—that Kant himself had held distinct. Bourdieu's appeal to the role of the body's dispositional habitus can be considered as a retrieval of Hegel's earlier quite different reworking of Kant's intuition-concept distinction in terms of distinct ‘logics’ with different forms of ‘negation’. Bourdieu commonly acknowledged the parallels of his analyses of social life to those of Hegel, but opposed Hegelianism because he believed that Hegel had remained entrapped within the dynamics of mythopoeic thought. In contrast, Durkheim and Lévi-Strauss, he claimed, by instituting a science of myth, had broken with it. This criticism of Hegel, however, relies on an understanding of his philosophy that has been rejected by many contemporary Hegel scholars, and without it, the gap separating Hegel and Bourdieu narrows dramatically     

Book Reviews

Book review in this article: Thatcher, Reagan, Mulroney: In Search of a New Bureaucracy. By Donald Savoie. Administrative Transformation in Central and Eastern Europe: Towards Public Sector Reform in Post-Communist Societies. Joachim Jens Hesse, ed. Before the Shooting Begins: Searching for Democracy in America's Culture Wars. By James Davison Hunter. Social Security and Medicare: A Policy Primer. By Eric R. Kingson and Edward D. Berkowitz. The Political Psychology of the Gulf War: Leaders, Publics and the Process of Conflict. Stanley A. Renshon, ed.     

Marx and Engels’s theory of history: making sense of the race factor

ABSTRACT

This article argues that Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels’s theory of history contained racist components. In Marx and Engels’s understanding, racial disparities emerged under the influence of shared natural and social conditions hardening into heredity and of the mixing of blood. They racialized skin-colour groups, ethnicities, nations and social classes, while endowing them with innate superior and inferior character traits. They regarded race as part of humanity’s natural conditions, upon which the production system rested. ‘Races’ endowed with superior qualities would boost economic development and productivity, while the less endowed ones would hold humanity back. Marxist race thinking reflected common Lamarckian and Romantic-Nationalist assumptions of the era.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed: Chris Rumford, European Cohesion: Contradictions in EU Integration Michael Burgess, Federalism and the European Union: The Building of Europe, 1950–2000 David McKay, Federalism and European Union: A Political Economy Perspective Dimitris N. Chryssochoou. I. B. Tauris, Democracy in the European Union Robert R. Geyer, Exploring European Social Policy Ben Rosamond, Theories of European Integration Colin Crouch, (ed.) After the Euro: Shaping Institutions for Governance in the Wake of European Monetary Union Richard Layard, The Case for the Euro Pat Thane, Old Age in English History: Past Experiences, Present Issues Stan Luger, Corporate Power, American Democracy, and the Automobile Industry Paulina Borsook, Cyberselfish: A Critical Romp through the Terribly Libertarian World of High‐Tech Charles Williams, Adenauer: The Father of the New Germany J. M. Ross, Forward to Basics—Back from the Brink: Can Humanity Rescue Itself? Larry Siedentop, Democracy in Europe Cécile Fabre, Social Rights under the Constitution: Government and the Decent Life Sebastian Reinfeldt, Nicht‐wir und Die‐da: Studien zum rechten Populismus Christa Zöchling, Haider: Licht und Schatten einer Karriere Klaus Larres with Elizabeth Meehan, Uneasy Allies: British–German Relations and European Integration since 1945     

Book reviews

Jill Steans, Gender and International Relations: An Introduction, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1998, 224 pp.

José Trías Monge, Puerto Rico: The Trials of the Oldest Colony in the World, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998, xii + 228 pp.

Mark Cowling (ed.), The Communist Manifesto: New Interpretations, New York: New York University Press, 1988, xii + 209 pp.

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto, New York: Monthly Review Press, 1998, xi + 112 pp.

Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, The Communist Manifesto: A Modern Edition, London and New York: Verso, 1998, 84 pp.

Kevin Mattson, Creating A Democratic Public, University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998, 208 pp.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this issue. The Dogs of Journalism. STEVEN BARNETT. Flat Earth News, by Nick Davies. Public intellectual: The art of making oneself up. Richard Mullender. Philosophy as Cultural Politics: Philosophical Papers, Volume 4, by Richard Rorty. The Second Plane: September 11: 2001–2007, by Martin Amis. Planning and all that. Matthew Grant. From Dreams to Disillusionment: Economic and Social Planning in 1960s Britain, by Glen O'Hara. Let a hundred flowers bloom. Munira Mirza Provoking Democracy: Why We Need the Arts, by Caroline Levine. How to change your brains. Dick Pountain On Deep History and the Brain, by Daniel Lord Smail. ‘Clean’ torture. Caroline Fournet Torture and Democracy, by Darius Rejali. Reforming Italy. Gianfranco Pasquino Political Institutions in Italy, by Maurizio Cotta and Luca Verzichelli. Choice and competition in health care. Jennifer Dixon The Other Invisible Hand: Delivering Public Services through Competition and Choice, by Julian Le Grand, Afterword by Alain Enthoven. Who is afraid of politics?. Meg Russell Politics and the People: A History of British Democracy since 1918, by Kevin Jefferys. Why Politics Matters: Making Democracy Work, by Gerry Stoker, Palgrave Macmillan. Why We Hate Politics, by Colin Hay.     

梁赞诺夫对马克思传的四大贡献——《马克思恩格斯合传》评析

梁赞诺夫为马克思传记的研究与出版做出了四大贡献:第一,首倡将马克思传记列入马克思恩格斯著作全集;第二,最早将马克思传记作为独立的研究对象,与梅林进行了意义深远的历史争论;第三,MEGA1的编辑出版为马克思传奠定坚实可靠的文献基础;第四,《马克思恩格斯合传》注重马克思恩格斯生活、思想、革命的世界历史背景介绍,是了解马克思恩格斯生平思想的极好入门书。     

Marx after Kornai

Janos Kornai chose to become an economist after reading Karl Marx’s Das Kapital. Kornai’s relation with Marx is not merely political, but also professional. Kornai “broke with Marxism” in 1956, but his relationship with Marx’s thoughts were not severed then. Kornai’s post-1956 works can be examined in the light of Marx’s ideas, dealing particularly with equity, freedom and the relation between theory and practice. Some of Marx’s own theses can be enriched interestingly by taking note of Kornai’s later writings.

     

Grant N. Havers,Leo Strauss and Anglo-American Democracy: A Conservative Critique

Grant Havers's Leo Straus and Anglo-American Democracy: A Conservative Critique seriously misrepresents Strauss's thought, largely as a result of Havers's determination to use the history of political philosophy for partisan purposes of his own, unlike Strauss's determined and meticulous effort to learn fromthe greatest philosophic writers both ancient and modern.?     

马克思《博士论文》与恩格斯《谢林和启示》之比较

<谢林和启示>时期的恩格斯与<博士论文>时期的马克思并不相识,但他们却不约而同地相继提出了唯物主义自我意识哲学,体现了二人令人惊异的共同之处;另一方面,<谢林和启示>与<博士论文>在思想上也存在一些细小的差别.总体来看,青年马克思与青年恩格斯在哲学思想方面是"大同小异".     

Political Ontology and Institutional Design in Montesquieu and Rousseau

Historians of political thought have been puzzled by Montesquieu's simultaneous appeals to the diversity of human practices and eternal norms of justice. Isaiah Berlin famously referred to this as an impassable “contradiction” burdening his work. Careful examination of Rousseau's appropriations from and developments on Montesquieu, however, reveal that these observations are not merely reconcilable—they provide a fruitful way to approach legislation and constitution drafting. This is accomplished by understanding his employment of the principle of transcendent constrained indeterminacy.