困境与完善：论我国通缉制度

通缉作为一项强制性措施，在司法实践中被广泛运用，能够有效地打击犯罪、防止犯罪蔓延、保障诉讼活动的顺利进行。当前，我国通缉制度面临通缉对象模糊、行使主体不明确、发布范围尴尬、撤销程序有瑕疵、救济机制缺失等困境，一定程度上影响了其效能的发挥。因此，欲完善通缉制度，需要界定通缉对象、明确行使主体、调整通缉范围、完善撤销制度、建立救济机制等。     

关于我国通缉制度之反思

通缉措施在我国刑事司法实践中被广泛使用,这一措施及时有效地打击了犯罪,防止了犯罪蔓延,保障了刑事诉讼活动的顺利进行。但是我国现行立法中对通缉制度规定得不够细化,赋予侦查机关适用通缉措施的裁量权过大,因而在实践中造成通缉措施被滥用、误用,严重侵害公民合法权益的事件屡屡发生。在我国目前正面临刑事诉讼法再修改的重要时机,对现行通缉制度进行系统分析并提出完善性构想具有较大现实意义。     

网络通缉制度之理性思考

目前,网络通缉制度作为一项强制性侦查措施,在抓捕犯罪嫌疑人的过程中起到重要作用。但是司法实践中,侦查机关适用网络通缉措施的权力缺乏制约机制,甚至任意扩大网络通缉措施的适用范围,严重侵犯了无辜公民的合法权益。本文拟从网络通缉措施的概念入手,分析现行网络通缉制度存在的问题,指出应当引入司法令状原则对该项措施进行制约。     

网络通缉，让我们无处可逃——探讨网络通缉的消极评价

“网络通缉令”频频出现，使网络通缉似乎成为一种新型的通缉方式而深受关注。本文认为网络通缉超越了传统“通缉”的固有含义，涉及诸多权利的公然侵犯，引发了许多法律问题的出现。     

试析中外双边引渡条约

试析中外双边引渡条约中山大学法律学系黄瑶引渡，即一国把在该国境内而被他国追捕，通缉或判刑的人，根据有关国家的请求移交给请求国审判或处罚。这是国际刑事司法协助中历史最悠久、最重要和当前各国之间最广泛存在的合作方式。引渡制度在国际上已成为打击国际犯罪和跨...     

网络通缉——正义的讨伐还是违法的行为?

本文通过对网通缉的性质、特点及成因分析,探讨网络通缉在对我国公民道德体系维护和监督的同时,存在的侵权和违法行为,结合我国关于互联网的管理规定,对网络通缉侵权行为提出一些建议措施.     

我国专利法律制度的历史沿革

历史研究是法学研究的重要方法之一。我国近现代的专利法律制度横向学习西方较多，纵向追根溯源较少。我国法律意义上的专利出现在清朝未期，历经北洋政府和南京国民政府时期，并在新中国成立后不断发展完善。本文通过探究我国专利法律制度的起源和发展，希望对建设创新型国家背景下的专利法律制度的进一步完善有所助益。     

珠宝商借贷亿元失踪

“通缉周玲、谢钢，悬赏10万”，近日一篇以此为题的网帖出现在多个网络论坛上。据发帖人称，周玲和谢钢是夫妻关系。周玲、谢钢究竟是何许人也？为何被通缉？记者经过调查后发现。这两人“借款”的背后是一个庞大的链条，涉及的金额保守估计就超过亿元。这对夫妇已失踪近两个月，目前南京警方已介入调查。     

错误通缉国家赔偿的法律障碍与立法构建

错误通缉的现象在现实生活中越来越多地发生，错误通缉侵犯了公民的名誉权、人身自由权，但是依据现行的国家赔偿法却不能得到赔偿，其原因在于现行国家赔偿法不承认精神赔偿，并实行法定赔偿原则，而错误通缉不在法定的赔偿范围之内。未来修订国家赔偿法时，应当确定精神损害也应当给予赔偿，并将错误通缉纳入国家赔偿的范围之内，以更为周全地对公民权利进行救济。     

不断加强反腐倡廉的制度建设

制度是在一定历史条件下形成的需要人们共同遵守的办事规程或行动准则。从我们党和政府加强反腐倡廉的角度看，建立合理有效的制度，是规范党员干部用权行为和廉洁从政的重要措施。我认为，在当前加强廉政制度建设上应注意以下几点：一是制度建设要与时代发展相协调。任何制度都是在一定历史条件下形成的，都受当时的政治、经济、文化等诸多方面影响和制约，具有历史的局限性。随着时代的进步和社会的发展，一些制度在负载其历史使命的同时也孕育着滞后的危机，必须及时进行调整、充实和完善，使之与时代发展相适应。特别是当今社会，随着经…     

Slave Women,Resistance and Criminality:

The system of slavery, a reflection of a patriarchal and racist social order, legitimatized and facilitated not only the economic and racist oppression but the sexual exploitation of black slave women. An extensive review of the literature on slavery was used to address how slave women accommodated and resisted these multiple forms of oppression. The findings presented here indicate that as blacks, both sexes experienced the harsh and inhumane consequences of racism and economic exploitation. In response to their exploitation, there was a significant convergence in male and female involvement in such forms of "criminal" resistance, such as murder, assault, theft and arson. These actions were employed to improve the slaves' lot in life and to express opposition to the slave system. "Criminal" resistance therefore set the stage for black women's participation in the criminal activities characteristic of today. Findings also suggest that in response to sexual exploitation, gender specific forms of accommodation-eg., acting as breeders and sex workers-were utilized in order to make slave women's lives bearable. The article concludes that the various forms of accommodation served as a preface to black women's vulnerability to sex-oriented crimes within the context of the twentieth century American society.     

论行政法与公共行政关系的演进

本文对行政法与公共行政的关系演进情况作了考察 ,初步总结出无论在古代奴隶社会与封建社会盛行的“行政优于法” ,还是在近代自由资本主义时期坚持的“无法律即无行政” ,都不利于行政资源的有效配置。进入现代 ,行政法与公共行政的关系不是相互排斥的 ,而是朝着良性互动的方向发展。行政法应通过有效的制度建构 ,在行政主体与相对人之间建立起理性的对话平台 ,促进双方协商与合作 ,实现公益与私益的双赢     

Can justice be achieved for slave descendents in Mauritius?

This article discusses challenges to achieving justice for slave descendents in Mauritius 177 years after the abolition of slavery. It reflects on the 2009 institution of a Truth and Justice Commission (TJC) in Mauritius to investigate the legacies of slavery and indentured labour. It is argued that time, the ethnic and cultural complexity of Mauritius as well as the TJC itself makes it difficult for Mauritians to achieve restorative justice for slave descendents. Reviewing transitional and restorative justice, the article argues that the Mauritius case study is potentially useful to reflections on the issue of social justice for ancient atrocities and for reflections on the challenges of reparations in complex and democratic societies. It concludes that the greater participation of civil society is required in decisions regarding reparations and that such decisions need to be grounded in contemporary and democratic approaches to achieving justice and the protection of human rights.     

孔子“义利”观与现代法治和谐理念

孔子思想是第一次文化轴心时代人类思想的伟大创造,儒家社会理想的本原是“和谐”。孔子纳“仁”入“礼”,希望通过体现以民为本的社会正义观的“礼法”体系去整合社会,最终实现社会和谐的目标。在孔子的利、义观中,个人之“利”与个人之“义”并不相互冲突。孔子的“义利”观体现了法律的利益调控功能与正义价值的和谐统一,与和谐社会的法治理念有契合性。孔子思想中所体现的“利”与“义”的和谐统一观,对今天以社会和谐为目标的法治建设具有重要的启示作用。     

The Effect of Wanted Posters on Prospective and Retrospective Memory

The experiment tested prospective and retrospective memory for a person pictured on a wanted poster. Participants monitored the videotaped activity of a computer lab; one of their duties involved reporting if they saw a computer hacker. Half viewed a wanted poster of the hacker before the monitoring task and half after. For half the participants, the hacker appeared during monitoring and for half not. A diagnosticity ratio comparing the correct prospective memory identifications with false positive identifications showed that a prospective identification was 3.35 times more likely to be accurate than inaccurate. For those viewing the wanted poster after monitoring, the diagnosticity ratio was 1.21. Based on diagnosticity, a prospective identification had more value than a retrospective identification.     

Crime in a Convict Republic

'It is much easier to extirpate than to amend Mankind.'
Sir William Blackstone
Five stages in the history of regulation are derived from the literature as a starting framework for this essay. These stages are outlined in the first section. This five-stage model is then confronted and revised in light of the neglected case of the Australian penal colony. It is juxtaposed throughout the paper with the history of the regulation of crime in the US. Australian convict society is found to be brutal yet forgiving. We conclude that surprisingly high levels of procedural justice and reintegration in Australian convict society drive down crime rates at a remarkable rate in the nineteenth century. In contrast American slave society is characterised by procedural injustice, exclusion and stigmatisation, which delivers high crime rates. Following Heimer and Staffen's theory, reintegration and procedural fairness are found to arise in conditions where the powerful are dependent on the deviant. Acute labour shortage is the basis of a reintegrative assignment system for Australian convicts to work in the free community. While convicts change Australia in very Australian ways, we find that many of these developments are not uniquely Australian and so a revision of the five-phase model is proposed. The revision also implies that Foucault's distinction between governing the body versus governing the soul (corporal/capital punishment versus the penitentiary) is less central than exclusion versus inclusion (banishment versus restorative justice) to understanding all stages of the history of regulation.     

论高校贿赂犯罪的侦防对策

贿赂犯罪作为一个古老的社会现象,在中国市场经济日益发达的今天似乎愈演愈烈,甚至渗入被视为象牙塔的教育领域,成为现代法治社会的一大毒瘤,严重影响了创建和谐社会的宏伟目标。笔者在分析中国高等教育系统贿赂犯罪的现状与特点基础上,拟就如何采取侦查和预防对策,提出自己的见解,以期有效地控制高校领域的贿赂犯罪.     

Exploring sexual harassment and related attitudes in Beninese high schools: a field study

Sexual harassment severely impacts the educational system in the West African country Benin and the progress of women in this society that is characterized by great gender inequality. Knowledge of the belief systems rooting in the sociocultural context is crucial to the understanding of sexual harassment. However, no study has yet investigated how sexual harassment is related to fundamental beliefs in Benin or West African countries. We conducted a field study on 265 female and male students from several high schools in Benin to investigate the link between sexual harassment and measures of ambivalent sexism, gender identity, and rape myth acceptance. Almost half of the sample reported having experienced sexual harassment personally or among peers. Levels of sexism and rape myth acceptance were very high compared to other studies. These attitudes appeared to converge in a sexist belief system that was linked to personal experiences, the perceived probability of experiencing and fear of sexual harassment. Results suggest that sexual harassment is a societal problem and that interventions need to address fundamental attitudes held in societies low in gender equality.     

宅基地使用权流转模式的选择

宅基地使用权禁止流转制度无疑成了宅基地发挥其土地价值的巨大障碍,实践中已形成错综复杂的宅基地使用权的＂隐形市场＂,这严重影响了社会的稳定。通过房地分离和设立法定租赁权,建立与此相适应的宅基地有期限、有偿使用制度及完善的农村宅基地使用权登记制度等配套措施,以较少的成本解决宅基地使用权的流转,是较为合理的方案。     

Slaves as criminal informers in ancient Rome

The Romans expected slaves to inform on their fellow slaves, particularly in regard to the master's safety. If a slave killed his master, a terrible retribution on the entire household of slaves would have to be paid to atone for the offense. In the final analysis, the slave‐informer system, with all of its drawbacks, supported the Roman criminal justice system nearly 1,000 years and the Byzantines employed it in a modified form. This paper is a case study of how a culture, with its values, musters its resources, in the case of slavery, to cope with the problems of internal security.

With most of the crime problems that confront us today, the ancient Romans were hard put to protect the public peace. They had neither the modern technology nor the forensic science that we do, so they utilized the limited resources they had to prevent crimes and catch criminals. They devised a policy of enticing slaves to act as criminal informants with the offer of freedom. Considering the sizeable adult slave population, this policy greatly deterred crime and the saying “Every slave, an enemy” became current among the citizenry.

The Romans, however, did not intend to open a door by which slaves could accuse citizens of false charges out of vindictiveness. The legal‐minded Romans adopted the safeguard of having the slave informant interrogated under torture.

Slaves also served the criminal justice system in other ways besides volunteering information. When the police were stymied in an investigation, they “rounded up the usual suspects” in the form of slaves who might have knowledge of the crime, but for some reason had not stepped forward. The police would use their powers to interrogate slaves in this case, too. This ancient practice reflects the procedure of modern police investigators checking surveillance cameras in the vicinity of the crime scene in the hopes of discovering a clue.