反不正当竞争中知识产权私法与公法保护的协调

反不正当竞争中的知识产权保护,涉及到权利人的利益、竞争对手的利益及社会公众的利益等诸多利益形式,其法律手段无外乎两种:公法上的手段--国家制裁和私法上的手段--请求权制度.虽然这两种法律保护手段均统一在维护正当之竞争秩序的价值目标之下,但二者毕竟是以不同的利益关系作为保护的首要目标,因此知识产权的私法保护与国家制裁不可偏废,它们共同构成了市场竞争中知识产权的完整保护.     

论我国的知识产权地域性战略

知识经济和全球化时代的市场竞争是知识产权的竞争,而知识产权战略在各国经济战略中占有重要的地位。在我国,发展知识产权的地域性战略具有重要的价值和意义,具有地域性特点的知识产权资源的利用是增强我国竞争实力的有效手段。我们应当充分利用各地的自然地理资源,以地理标志的保护形式确保特色产品的竞争优势;发挥产业集群的优势科技力量,开发自主知识产权;挖掘传统知识的商业价值,对民间文学艺术表达和传统技艺予以利用和保护。     

竞争法对知识产权的保护与限制

竞争法是维护市场经济制度下竞争自由原则的基本法律。知识产权是对创造性智力成果及工商业标记所享有的权利。在知识经济时代,创新日益成为获得竞争优势的重要手段,而伴随着市场竞争的加剧、竞争手段的翻新,当某些类型的知识产权在难以受到传统知识产权法保护时,需要借助竞争法获得保护;由于知识产权可带来市场优势地位,权利人有时超出知识产权法所赋予的权利范围行使权利,此时则需竞争法对此加以限制。因此,竞争法在对知识产权提供保护的同时,约束知识产权的行使不超出法律规定的限度,以避免对竞争自由及创新带来不利影响。     

论反不正当竞争法对知识产权的保护

反不正当竞争法的诞生源于对知识产权的保护,它与知识产权法的关系极为密切,二者形成了相辅相成的互动关系,一方面,反不正当竞争法对于保护知识产权,特别是保护那些不能直接获得知识产权单行法保护的智力成果及相关成就有着不可缺少的补充作用,另一方面,知识产权制度本身的建立,也有利于市场竞争秩序的健康发展,所以,在某种意义上,可以反过来说,知识产权法是竞争法律制度的重要组成部分。     

浅议我国反不正当竞争法保护经营性成果的条件

市场竞争的愈发激烈将经营性成果的保护推到前台,如何对具有一定知名度、尚未受到知识产权法保护但能够带来明显的竞争优势或利益,且受到侵害将会给经营者带来利益损失的经营性成果给予恰当的保护成为重要议题。反不正当竞争法与知识产权法的关系以及其在竞争领域所扮演的道德法典的角色,其对经营性成果的保护成为必然。     

企业开展市场竞争的重要理论武器--读《企业知识产权战略》

自上个世纪九十年代以来,我国政府日益重视知识产权的保护与管理。加入世贸组织后,随着我国企业与其他国家企业竞争的加剧,知识产权的挑战已经摆在中国企业的面前,成为其在市场竞争中无法忽视与回避的战略问题。顺应社会经济发展的需要,众多学者对知识产权现状及其发展进行了多角度的研     

新经济时代知识产权保护VS反垄断（2）--技术标准、知识产权与反垄断法

专利在技术标准化过程中起着核心作用。为了防止专利权人在标准化过程中滥用权利和不正当地限制竞争，很多国家规定了专利在技术标准化中的处置方式。如何合理处置技术标准化中的专利，这不仅关系知识产权的保护，也关系市场竞争。我国反垄断法第55条规定，“经营者依照有关知识产权的法律、行政法规规定行使知识产权的行为，不适用本法；     

有效保护 科学发展“商标注册、使用、管理、保护法律服务合作研讨会”侧记

21世纪的竞争是品牌的竞争，即商标的竞争。我国加入WTO后，参与世界市场竞争．逐渐与国际贸易接轨，因此加强商标等知识产权的保护，提升自身的品牌价值，已成为企业面临的重大课题。     

知识产权战略与企业创新——中国的现状和挑战

创新和知识产权向来与企业实践息息相关,企业应根据整体经营目标,结合行业竞争环境、发展阶段和特点来制定知识产权战略。知识产权的发展亦离不开全球和国家知识产权生态系统的良性运作,具备全球化和国家性的广阔视角是构建知识产权制度的应有之义。中国知识产权的发展之路充满艰辛,回溯人类知识产权发展史,可知我国现有知识产权制度发展存在的形式性保护等缺陷以及面临来自内外部的挑战。应明确加强知识产权保护的标准以及中国在全球市场竞争中的优势,增强企业知识产权竞争力,以知识产权促产业整合,淘汰落后行业,进而探求带有中国特色的创新保护机制。     

知识产权成就可持续核心竞争力

4月24日,以"保护知识产权与企业核心竞争力"为主题的2007年中国保护知识产权高层论坛在北京召开,该论坛由国家保护知识产权工作组主办,围绕"世界未来的竞争就是知识产权的竞争"、"保护知识产权是中国自身发展的迫切需要"等观点,深入探讨保护知识产权与企业核心竞争力的深层联系.本文无意全面回顾论坛的内容,但论坛的主题引起笔者很多思考,如核心竞争力的可持续性问题,知识产权可否被优化组合为生态综合体及知识产权可否成就可持续核心竞争力等问题.     

Drugs in injured drivers in Denmark

As part of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL) under the European Commission's Transport RTD Programme of the 5th Framework Programme [I.M. Bernhoft, Drugs in accidents involved drivers in Denmark, D-R4.3 of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods Of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL), www.immortal.or.at, 2005], a study regarding drugs in accident-involved drivers was carried out in Denmark. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to collect and analyse samples from injured drivers for the presence of drugs; (2) to give an indication whether drugs may have contributed to traffic accidents; and (3) to get information on the drug-positive drivers and their drug use. This paper focuses on objective 1. Injured drivers who were treated in hospital were asked to give a saliva sample, a blood sample or both. The samples were screened for the following substances: opiates, amphetamines, methamphetamines, incl. MDMA (ecstasy), cannabinoids and metabolites, cocaine and metabolites and benzodiazepines. Screenings were carried out by means of Cozart Microplate EIA kit. Positive screenings were confirmation analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) or liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). In total, 26 out of 330 patients were confirmed positive for one or more of the six drug groups. However, three patients were excluded from the survey for various reasons. Of the remaining 23 drug-positive patients 15 were found positive for one drug group, and in five of these cases alcohol was present in a concentration over the legal limit in Denmark (0.05%). The other eight patients were found positive for two drug groups, and in four of these cases, alcohol was also present in a concentration over the legal limit. Alcohol was found both in combinations with medicinal drugs, with illegal drugs and with both. Based on the saliva or blood concentrations, we estimate that there is a strong suspicion of impairment in 9 out of 23 cases, and in another six cases it was likely that the drivers were impaired.     

Fatal poisoning in drug addicts in the Nordic countries in 2007

The frequency of medico-legally examined fatal poisonings in 2007 among drug addicts was investigated in five Nordic countries; Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The number of deaths, age, sex, place of death, main intoxicant, and other drugs present in blood samples were recorded to obtain national and comparable Nordic data, as well as data to compare with earlier studies in 2002, 1997, and 1991. Norway had the highest incidence of drug addict deaths by poisoning followed by Denmark, with 8.24 and 6.92 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. The death rates in Finland (4.02), Iceland (4.56), and Sweden (3.53) were about half that of Norway and Denmark. Compared with earlier studies, the death rates were unchanged in Denmark and Norway, but increased in Finland, Iceland, and Sweden. In all countries, fewer deaths (29-35%) were recorded in the capital area compared with earlier studies. Females accounted for 11-19% of the fatal poisonings. Iceland deviates with a more equal distribution between men and women (40%). Deaths from methadone overdoses increased in all Nordic countries, and methadone was the main intoxicant in Denmark in 2007, accounting for 51% of the poisonings. In Norway and Sweden, heroin/morphine was still the main intoxicant with a frequency of 68% and 48%, respectively. In Iceland, 3 deaths each were due to heroin/morphine and methadone, respectively. Finland differs from other Nordic countries in having a high number of poisonings caused by buprenorphine and very few caused by heroin/morphine. The total number of buprenorphine deaths in Finland doubled from 16 in 2002 to 32 in 2007, where it constituted 25% of deaths. The general toxicological screening program showed widespread multi-drug use in all countries. The median number of drugs per case varied from 3 to 5. The most frequently detected substances were heroin/morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, tramadol, amphetamine, cocaine, tetrahydrocannabinol, benzodiazepines and ethanol.     

Trustees in Cyprus regulated in 2007

Trust and company service providers in Cyprus are followingin the footsteps of their European counterparts and will toobe regulated at the beginning of 2007.     

2008年中国法治亮点巡礼

2008年，是中国法治进程稳步推进和稳健发展的一年，也是法治亮点频频闪现的一年。2008年的立法景观依然多姿多彩，科学立法、民主立法继续推进，公民对立法工作的有序参与进一步扩大，已出台的十一届全国人大常委会立法规划值得人们期待。此外，实施不久的《政府信息公开条例》、全面开展的监狱体制改革，以及此起彼伏的问责风暴等都是值得我们关注的法治亮点。     

Differences in female and male involvement in lethal violence in Russia

Relatively little is known of the distributions of homicide event characteristics in non-Western nations in which women relative to men are involved. This article utilizes unique homicide narratives drawn from Russian court and police records to compare homicide victim, offender, and event characteristics by sex of victim and separately by sex of offender. Results from logistic regression show that homicides in which a female was the victim or offender were more likely to occur between intimates and to occur in the home, whereas homicides involving males were more likely to occur in a public place, to be alcohol-related, to involve a firearm, and to involve a victim and offender who did not know each other well. These results not only present an important first glimpse at women as homicide victims and offenders in Russia specifically, but also provide a point of comparison with findings from similar analyses undertaken in the West, and present further initial observations upon which to construct a cohesive theory about female involvement in serious violent events.     

Trends in Non-Muslim Divorces in Singapore

This article examines the trends and patterns in the way thesecular divorce law has been utilized by couples in Singaporeseeking to end their marriage. Social and demographic featuresof the divorcing couples, as well as the ‘fact’relied on in support of their divorce petitions, are studiedand compared to earlier analyses. It is found that while somepatterns observed by earlier researchers have remained intact,others have changed. This article suggests explanations forthese observed patterns and contributes to the discussion onwhether and how the divorce law can be improved in Singaporeand elsewhere.     

Competence in caring in legal practice

This article is concerned with the stories of female solicitors working in Queensland, Australia, and their account of ethics in practice. These narratives were sought and made in the context of our project investigating complaints received against practitioners in this jurisdiction. Our interviews with female lawyers were intended to provide more insight into complaints matters. Yet this discussion revealed broader insights into ethical questions about the nature of lawyer–client relationships and legal professionalism. This article considers these accounts by reflecting on the concept of ‘care’ and its fit with legal practice requirements today. In doing so, we consider the difficult gendered question of the relationship between caring and ‘women's’ practice. We do not assert a true woman's working style; we seek to contextualise our empirical research by tracing the complex effect of gender on lawyering roles. Finally, we suggest that the adoption of caring practice is a valid approach to lawyering and call for a caring approach to be re-valued in the legal professional context as an ethical proposition.