违约精神损害赔偿的法理思考

综诸国外的立法、判例和学说,基本在不同程度上认可违约精神损害赔偿。宽者有如法国,“得请求非财产上损害赔偿之情形,概括而不以法律明文而限”;①严者如德国,立法传统是给予精神损害赔偿以有法明文规定为限。尽管立法有宽严,但判例突破已成为一种不可扭转的强大趋势。对英美法系国家,虽然难谓在整体上彻底确立违约精神损害赔偿制度,但在具体案件中普遍适用赔偿原则已是不争的事实。相较之下,我国未有法律对因违约引起的精神损害赔偿加以明确规定。司法实务几乎都是从侵权责任相关规定中寻找依据,请求权竞合成为解决因违约发生精神损害的百…     

论违约精神损害赔偿

精神损害既可因侵权导致，也可因违约导致。然而，我国现行的精神损害赔偿制度却只承认和支持侵权精神损害赔偿，排斥违约精神损害赔偿。这种状况直接影响到合同当事人合法权益的维护，影响到司法的公平与正义。本文在对他国与我国精神损害赔偿制度考察和分析对比的基础上，论述了违约精神损害赔偿的必要性与合理性，提出了构建我国违约精神损害赔偿制度的具体思路。     

从合同合意性论违约场合下的精神损害赔偿

违约场合下精神损害赔偿问题的核心在于对违约损害赔偿范围的界定,根源在于把握合同合意性本质对违约损害赔偿范围的约束。在廓清上述认识的基础上,通过分析合同法与侵权法的区别,明确违约场合下精神损害赔偿的救济途径。     

合同违约解除视角下的损害赔偿范围研究

当合同因违约而被解除时,被违约方得以向违约方主张损害赔偿责任。这已在我国立法中得到了肯定与体现。但关于损害赔偿责任的范围,立法没有明确规定,司法实践中没有统一做法,学界对该问题也未作全面评述。合同违约解除后损害赔偿范围的确定在理论和实践上有重要意义。以合同违约解除为视角,从合同解除的效力理论出发,结合各国立法例和学说,界定合同解除后损害赔偿范围是履行利益还是信赖利益、是否包括可得利益,有助于完善合同解除制度,进而达到平衡合同双方利益的目的。     

论违约的精神损害赔偿

在传统的民法理论上,对于违约所导致的精神损害,是不予赔偿的.然而,近年来,这一规则有所突破.违约所导致的精神损害,可以分为三类:第一类是违约侵犯了他人的人身权,而导致的精神损害;第二类是违约侵犯了他人的财产,而导致的精神损害;第三类是单纯的违约行为所导致的精神损害.前两类与直接侵犯人身权和财产权所导致的精神损害赔偿的规则没有区别,第三类精神损害则需要受到更多的限制.     

论精神损害赔偿的适用范围

伴随着最高人民法院关于精神损害赔偿的司法解释的出台 ,与精神损害赔偿相关的问题引起人们的广泛讨论。关于精神损害赔偿的适用范围 ,建议应扩大之 ,尤其是一般财产侵权的精神损害和违约的精神损害的赔偿问题     

我国精神损害赔偿适用范围的立法现状分析

自精神损害赔偿制度在我国确立以来,其适用范围不断扩展。虽然最新司法解释将精神损害范围扩大到一个新水平,但现行立法依然不够完备。在分析了我国精神损害赔偿适用范围立法缺陷的基础上,笔者提出了几点立法建议。     

旅游合同中的非财产损害赔偿责任--从"死神陪伴的旅行"终审判决谈起

对合同中的非财产损害赔偿责任,我国现行法律没有明确规定.从比较法研究和利益衡量角度来分析,旅游合同的违约方应当承担因违约而致非财产损害的赔偿责任.在适用法律上,可类推适用<民法通则>第120条.在未来立法上,应当完善相应的法律规定.     

论《联合国国际货物销售合同法公约》违约损害赔偿可预见性规则

违约损害赔偿是国际商事交易中受害方主要采取的救济形式.世界各国间违约损害赔偿法律制度差异悬殊,这形成了阻碍国际贸易增长的法律障碍.《联合国国际货物销售合同法公约》提出了一套适合国际商事交易违约损害赔偿要求的法律制度.公约确立的评判原则和标准包括六个方面:预见主体、预见时间、预见认识的类别、预见的主客观标准、因果关系的限定、预见的内容.就因果关系与可预见性的关系而言,公约是将因果关系作为对可预见性损失范围的限定.在公约可预见性规则的适用上,应注意过失违约与故意违约的区分.     

论在刑事附带民事诉讼中确立精神损害赔偿制度的必要性

本文从典型案例着手,在对我国刑事附带民事诉讼有关精神损害赔偿立法和相关司法解释进行评析的基础上,揭示了在刑事附带民事诉讼中确立精神损害赔偿制度的法理依据,并提出了立法建议。     

Cleaning Up the Air

正Heavy smog has prompted the government to reconsider its strategies2013 has passed,but memories of the smog that devoured many parts of the country are still fresh in the minds of China’s citizens.In January 2013,a thick haze shrouded many cities for more than 20 days,affecting more than 600 million people in 17 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions.     

Rural Transformation

正Key goals for rural work set by the Central Government Adozen shipments of corn imported from the United States containing unapproved and genetically modified ingredients were denied entry by China in December 2013.Since China relies heavily on imported grain to guarantee its supplies,the     

Tightening Trusted Ties

正Five decades after forging diplomatic ties,China and Tanzania stand ready to inject new vigor into their traditional friendship,symbolized by the iconic Tanzania-Zambia Railway.Shortly before their golden jubilee,which falls on April 26,Abdulrahaman A.Shimbo,Tanzanian Ambassador to China,sat down with Beijing Review reporter Ni Yanshuo to share his thoughts on the latest development of bilateral relations.Excerpts follow:     

The Decline of Washington

正Washington and Tokyo issued a joint statement on April 24 during U.S.President Barack Obama’s Japan tour,claiming that the Treaty of Security and Safeguard Between Japan and the United States extends to"all the territories under the administration of Japan,"including the Diaoyu Islands.And"the United States opposes any unilateral action that seeks     

A Searing Threat

正outbreaks of destructive fires pose a danger for China’s ancient towns and cultural relics The phrase"Chinese fire drill"may come as a joke to Westerners,but in China,where towns and relics thousands or hundreds of years old stand at risk of being lost     

New Year,New Wish

正Chinese people embrace the Year of the horse As Spring Festival nears,all kinds of horsethemed products are filling the shelves of stores across the country.The reason is simple:the Year of the Horse is coming!The first day of the Year of the Horse falls on January31 this year,and ends on February 18,2015,according to the Chinese lunar calendar.     

THIS WEEK WORLD

正FRANCE People wearing World War II British uniforms stand in front of 22,000 British national flags on June 6 in Asnelles,Normandy,during a ceremony marking the70th anniversary of the D-Day landings that helped defeat Nazi forces     

LONELY STRUGGLE

正Modern life brings a new perspective on dealing with depression By Yuan YuanA series of suicides by employees of me-dia outlets in China over the past few months have shocked the public.Most of the deceased have been confirmed to have been suffering from depression.Song Bin,Editor in Chief of xinhua News Agency’s Anhui Bureau,was found dead on     

Syria's Electoral Experience

正Bashar al-Assad strengthens his grip on power via a presidential election that excludes opposition By Liu YueqinSyria’s presidential election featured many would-be candidates,but only one serious contender.On May 10,the Syrian Supreme Constitutional Court announced that three of the 24 presidential candidates,     

Local Governments Out of Pocket?

正Owing to authorities'efforts to tackle public debt,local governments now face difficulties in securing funding for urbanization By Wang JunAccording to a report issued by the National Audit Office,local government debt in China had totaled 17.9 trillion yuan($2.9 trillion)by the end of June 2013.Of this,local governments are responsible for