恢复性司法制度的建立与监狱实践模式探讨

在传统刑事司法制度理论面临困惑和实践遭遇挫折的基础上，恢复性司法应运而生。恢复性司法制度符合刑法“教育人、挽救人、改造人”的立法愿意，有助于社会的稳定和发展。监狱如何借鉴和移植恢复性司法制度需要我们从理论和实践中加以解决。     

恢复性司法在中国的发展前景

刑事司法过程中如何更好地保护被害人,维护稳定的社会关系,如何更加有效地使犯罪分子改过自新,是各国司法面临的一个现实问题。20世纪中后期,西方国家兴起了一场新的刑事司法改革运动——恢复性司法运动,深刻地影响着西方国家刑事司法的走向和预防犯罪的模式。可从西方国家恢复性司法的观念和实践出发,充分考虑中国的国情、民情和社情,进一步完善恢复性司法制度所需的社会基础条件,构建具有中国特色的恢复性司法制度。     

刑事和解模式及其中国式构建

刑事和解是一种通过恢复性程序来达到恢复性结果的非正式犯罪反应方式。这种崭新的司法模式不仅能够有效地克服我国刑事司法制度的一些弊端，而且对于有效保护被害人的权益，促使犯罪人顺利回归社会有重要的借鉴意义；加之目前我国已经具备了构建刑事和解制度的社会政治基础、文化传统基础、刑事政策基础和司法实践基础等，因此改革我国传统的司法模式，构建独具特色的中国式刑事和解模式势在必行。     

运用宽严相济的刑事司法政策指导公安执法实践初探

实施宽严相济的刑事司法政策,是维护社会稳定,促进社会和谐的必要举措。公安机关在实施宽严相济的刑事司法政策时,必须转变观念,以"最大限度地增加和谐因素,最大限度地减少不和谐因素"为目标,借鉴恢复性司法制度,积极探索轻微刑事、治安案件非司法化处置的有效形式,改进羁押性强制措施、行政处罚和刑罚执行方式,进一步深化适用违法犯罪人员非监禁化处遇措施。     

向被害人忏悔

一个服刑人员,有没有勇气对曾经被他伤害过的被害人说出心中那句埋藏已久的:对不起!向被害人忏悔,是恢复性司法制度的有益尝试。所谓恢复性司法,旨在修复犯罪给被害人、社会以及犯罪者本人造成的创伤,它以被害人对加害者的谅解为基点,以被告人回归社会为终点。     

构建刑事和解制度促进社会和谐

刑事和解制度是产生于20世纪中叶的一种新的刑事思潮,体现了个体公正与整体公正之间的平衡,文章主张应植根于中国传统调解的司法制度,充分吸收恢复性司法的合理因素,从创建和谐社会的现实需要出发,积极构建有中国特色的刑事和解制度。     

向被害人忏悔

一个服刑人员，有没有勇气对曾经被他伤害过的被害人说出心中那句埋藏已久的：“对不起!”向被害人忏悔。是恢复性司法制度的有益尝试。所谓恢复性司法。旨在修复犯罪给被害人、社会以及犯罪者本人造成的刨伤。它以被害人对加害者的谅解为基点，以被告人回归社会为终点。     

恢复性司法的理念及其运作

恢复性司法是在社区的主持和调解下,通过犯罪人与被害人的协商,恢复被犯罪侵害的关系。恢复性司法以犯罪人和被害人自愿接受协商为基础,社区仅充当调解人的角色,但社区没有强制力。现代司法以强制力为后盾,通过权威维护司法。因此,恢复性司法不是传统意义的司法,而是一种理念。恢复性司法的基本理念是:犯罪是个人对个人的侵害,因而对现代刑事司法会产生多方面的影响。主意表现为:扩展了被害人的范围,弱化了刑事案件处理主体的独占性;强化被害人的地位,弱化国家的司法权力;强化社区的作用,弱化司法机关的强制作用;强调犯罪人的认罪态度,弱化犯罪人的程序保护功能;强调恢复犯罪的损害,弱化了刑罚的惩罚性。在关注恢复性司法有利于缓和因犯罪产生的社会矛盾的同时,不能忽视用恢复性司法解决犯罪问题可能对现代司法权威产生的抑制作用。     

恢复性司法及在我国的前景

20世纪中后期,西方国家兴起了一场新的刑事司法改革运动——恢复性司法运动,并深刻地影响着西方国家的刑事司法的走向和犯罪预防的模式。什么是恢复性司法,联合国有关恢复性司法含义的规定,国外学者关于恢复性司法的定义,恢复性司法英文形式是Restorative justice,是近几年来法学研究中的一个舶来术语。是因为Justice有司法和正义两种含义。但在我国香港和台湾地区有学者从正义的价值角度定义恢复性司法。恢复性司法与传统司法的不同;恢复性司法具有恢复性、个人参与性、社会性、平衡性、前瞻性、灵活性的特征,恢复的内容也是多方面的。国外关于恢复性司法理念的观点:犯罪基本上是对他人和人际关系的侵害;犯罪行为引起了义务和责任;恢复性司法寻求调停和纠正错误。与此形成鲜明对照的是犯罪行为的直接受害者——刑事被害人在刑事诉讼中几乎无所作为。在我国建构恢复性司法程序存在价值观的根本不同和传统报应刑理念的影响的障碍。我国建构恢复性司法程序的有利条件,如:中华传统文化深埋恢复性司法的天然种子;调解在我国具有实践基础。     

我国社区矫正制度的价值分析与合理构建

当今世界人权运动不断发展,注重恢复性司法的理念成为趋势,刑罚执行也在不断追求法定化、多样化和人性化。我国构建社会主义和谐社会,就要协调好各种社会关系,整合社会资源,维护社会秩序,尤其要关注刑事司法制度改革,借鉴国际社会的做法,建立符合我国国情的社区矫正制度。     

NUMBERS

正1.98 mln units China’s auto production in May,down 4.4 percent from April6 mln Number of highemission vehicles that China plans to remove from roads in 2014 to reduce pollution3.85 mln tons Amount of carbon emission quotas that     

Beijing Embraces APEC 2014

正On November 5-11,China hosts in Beijing the 2014 APEC Economic Leaders’Week,including the Concluding Senior Offi cials’Meeting,the 26th APEC Ministerial Meeting,and the 22nd APEC Economic Leaders’Meeting.During the Leaders’Week,China also hosts the APEC CEO Summit,APEC Business Advisory Council Dialogue with Leaders,and Leaders’spouse programs.     

Shanghai–Asia's City of Style

正AT Paris Fashion Week Fall/Winter 2014-2015 in March,Chinese celebrities fitted out in gorgeous gowns featuring Eastern fashion styles attracted much kudos.As China advances further onto the world stage,Shanghai is leading the fashion charge.U.S.-based Global     

Sino-Swiss FTA Pushes Bilateral Relations to New Heights

正CHINA and Switzerland signed in July 2013 the Free Trade Agreement(FTA)in Beijing,so marking the culmination of more than two years of negotiations and legal processes.The f irst free trade pact between China and a country in continental Europe,the agreement came officially into effect on July 1,2014.China Today held an exclusive interview with David Braun,head of the Economic,Financial and Commercial Section of the Embassy of Switzerland in China,to discuss the FTA in greater depth.China Today:What is the signif icance of the FTA for     

A Change of Game Plan

正The low-price strategy is losing ground in China’s home appliance market while industrial upgrade offers the only way out By Zhou XiaoyanAt midnight on April 14,over 2,000 an-gry workers of Galanz Group,a homeappliance maker,violently smashedeverything in the canteen,workers’dormitory,production lines and supermarkets in a Galanz     

INFORMATION

正Business Lunch at Barolo For a tasty change of pace during your busy day,why not stop by and enjoy a leisurely lunch at our snazzy eatery Barolo?It’s the perfect place to meet with friends,work colleagues and business associates.Whet your midday appetite with our traditional antipasto buffet,followed by a main course of your choice from the selection of     

China's CSR on the Global Market Fast Track——An Interview with Xu Zongxiang,vice president of China South Locomotive & Rolling Stock Corporation Limited(CSR)

正IN mid-December,the last round of procurements of tramcars and subway trains in China’s mainland for 2013 was completed alongside the release of the bid result for trains for the northern extension of Shanghai Metro’s Line 11.China South LocomotiveRolling Stock Corporation Limited(CSR),the larg-     

Economic Transformation through Industrial Restructuring

ON the morning of November 24,2013,the Hebei provincial government took action to demolish 10 shaft furnaces and 16 converters at eight steel and iron plants in Tangshan,Handan and Chengde,reducing the overcapacity of iron production by 4.56 million tons and steel production by 6.8 million tons.Prior to this,by the end of October 2013,the province had cut down on steel and iron overcapacity by 2.38 million tons.Steel and iron has long been a pillar industry for the Chinese economy;however,it has become common practice to cut down overcapacity of the industry.The government work report released at the First Session of the 12th National People’s Congress explicitly stated that efforts should be made to promote the transformation of the nation’s economic growth mode and accelerate industrial restructuring.Structural adjustment to the steel and iron industry now epitomizes China’s wider economic transformation.     

Government Consults Legal Counsel

正Various departments hire advisors to ensure rule of law By Wang Hairong Guo Xiaomin,deputy chief of Chongchuan District of Nantong,east China’s Jiangsu Province,has formed a habit of consulting the district government’s legal advisor before approving documents.     

Stemming the Slump

正In a bid to boost the sagging housing market,China has relaxed lending rules for home buyers By Zhou XiaoyanWang xingli is a realtor in Beijing.Instead of resting during the seven-day National Day holiday(October 1-7),he followed a jam-packed schedule spent bustling