基因沉默的研究进展

基因沉默(genesilencing)是指生物体中特定基因由于种种原因不表达或者表达减少的现象。基因沉默发生在两种水平上,一种是由于DNA甲基化、异染色质化以及位置效应等引起的转录水平上的基因沉默;另一种是转录后基因沉默。RNA干扰(RNAi)是一种新发现的通过dsRNA介导的特异同源靶基因途径,RNAi的应用有望成为一种防治疾病的新方法。     

基因沉默的研究进展

基因沉默（gene silencing）是指生物体中特定基因由于种种原因不表达或者表达减少的现象。基因沉默发生在两种水平上，一种是由于DNA甲基化、异染色质化以及位置效应等引起的转录水平上的基因沉默；另一种是转录后基因沉默。RNA干扰（RNAi）是一种新发现的通过dsRNA介导的特异同源靶基因途径，RNAi的应用有望成为一种防治疾病的新方法。     

恒强磁场下的大鼠肿瘤细胞凋亡和P53基因的关系

目的 探讨恒强磁场所致的Warlker-256肿瘤细胞凋亡机制。方法 以全长P53cDNA作探针,采用DNA和RNA Dot Blot及分子印迹杂交(Southern和Northern Blot)技术和免疫组织化学染色检测320只磁场处理动物和80只未经磁场处理动物肿瘤细胞P53基因扩增、重排、缺失、转录和表达。结果 在Warlker-256肿瘤细胞,P53为野生型,磁场处理和未经处理的动物均未见P53基因扩增、重排和缺失。磁场处理组P53基因转录比未经磁场处理组明显增强(P<0.01)。免疫组化显示,磁场处理组比未经磁场处理组P53表达显著增强(P<0.01)。结论 以上结果提示恒强磁场引起的荷瘤大鼠肿瘤细胞凋亡同P53基因转录和表达增强有关,表现出P53依赖性凋亡的特点。     

论“基因歧视”现象引发的法学课题——“基因歧视”法律问题专题研究之一

以"人类基因组计划"为标志的基因科技正在迅猛发展,"基因检测"技术也已投入临床应用.但基因科技的负面社会影响也随之产生欧美等国在保险市场、就业市场等领域,出现了保险公司和雇主要求投保人或申请人提供基因信息,并对那些具有基因缺陷、有可能在未来患上疾病的投保人或申请人提高保费、拒绝承保或不予录用的现象,被称之为"基因歧视".虽然"基因歧视"现象引起了世界各国的广泛关注、相应的立法不断出现,但与"基因歧视"有关的一系列基本理论问题尚未得到研究和解决.本文提出应当对"基因歧视"的概念、法律应当禁止的"基因歧视"的范围、构成"歧视"的行为性质、立法的基本策略和方法等课题进行研究,以期为立法提供理论指引.     

c-jun在组织损伤中的表达变化及其法医学意义

c-jun原癌基因是即刻早期基因jun家族成员之一,属于碱性亮氨酸拉链家族核内转录因子成员,可以结合在许多基因的启动子上参与基因转录的调控,其表达产物在多种基因表达、细胞增殖、分化、凋亡等过程中起重要作用。本文就c-jun的结构、生物学功能、调控方式及其在组织损伤中的作用进行综述,旨在进一步对组织损伤程度和伤后时间推断的法医学研究提供参考资料。     

Lutheran血型系统的分子遗传学基础

Lutheran血型系统含有18个抗原,LU1/LU2、LU18/LU19抗原位于LU/B-CAM糖蛋白上。LU/B-CAM糖蛋白的蛋白质部分由LU基因表达,LU基因位于19q13.2-13.3,含15个外显子、14个内含子。LU基因在转录时发生变位剪接,产生2.5、4.0kb前体mRNA。LU基因在镰状红细胞、卵巢癌和结肠上皮细胞癌呈高表达。LU/B-CAM糖蛋白是层粘素特异性受体。     

4-甲氧基甲基安非他命的检验

4-甲氧基甲基安非他命(4-methoxymethamphet-amine、PMMA)为一种新型兴奋、致幻类毒品,室温下为无色油状液体,常以白色晶体状盐酸盐出现在毒品市场[1]。PMMA的分子式为C11H17NO,分子量为179.26,结构式见     

Lutheran血型系统的分子遗传学基础

Lutheran血型系统合有18个抗原,LU1／LU2、LU18／LU19抗原位于LU／B—CAM糖蛋白上。LU／B—CAM糖蛋白的蛋白质部分由LU基因表迭。LU基因位于19q13．2—13．3,合15个外显子、14个内含子。LU基因在转录时发生变位剪接,产生2．5、4．0kb前体mRNA。LU基因在镰状红细胞、卵巢癌和结肠上皮细胞癌呈高表达。LU／B—CAM糖蛋白是层粘素特异性受体。     

核因子-кB及其在创伤性脑损伤后的作用

核因子-кB是一种具有多向性调节作用的核转录因子。机体受到创伤后,NF-кB被激活,调节多种炎性介质基因转录,引起局部及全身的炎症反应。对NF-кB的有关研究可望用于法医学家对损伤时间的推测。     

辽宁汉族、广西壮族HIF-1α基因多态性及法医学意义

<正>缺氧诱导因子1(hypoxia-inducible factor 1,HIF-1)是特异性缺氧状态下发挥活性的一种转录因子,由Semenza等[1]在缺氧的肝癌细胞株Hep3B的核提取物中首次发现。HIF-1由α亚基和β亚基组成异二聚体。HIF-1α为HIF-1唯一功能亚单位,缺氧条件下可以调控70多个与疾病有关基因的转录和表达。     

Legal Meanings Across Linguistic Barriers: The Intralingual and Interlingual Translation of Laws in Greece and Cyprus

In my paper I will discuss both the processes of interlingual and intralingual translation of laws. The objective is to establish how the intralingual and the interlingual translation process influence or even shape a particular language of the law affecting thus the laws and the communication in a given legal system. In order to achieve this, I will initially research into the historical process that produced a series of intralingual translations of major laws in Greece and both interlingual and intralingual translations of laws in Cyprus, investigate the main principles used in interlingual and intralingual translation, examine how the languages of the law in Greece and Cyprus were affected by these translations, and show how intralingual and interlingual translation influenced the law both in Greece and Cyprus.     

Placing sons and daughters in the church: Strategies used by the gentry of Central Catalonia to maintain social status in the 17th and 18th centuries

This study analyses strategies for placing sons and daughters used by Notaries, Doctors of Law and Honorary Citizens of Manresa in the 17th and 18th centuries. Reconstructions of several family trees show that all of the sons, except the heir, went into the church and many of the girls remained single or went into convents. The consistency of this behaviour has led to an interpretation in terms of how these families maintained their social status, given their particular way of gaining access to resources. This study traces the way the younger generations entered the church and how they returned resources to the families they came from. Celibacy excluded many sons and daughters from inheriting the family patrimony and opened the way to combining patrimonies with other families. This happened if the heir had no children and the inheritance went to the eldest daughter married to the heir of another family. Combining patrimonies was one of the strategies used to deal with the problem of declining incomes suffered by these families.     

OTS-2．2S基因芯片对人脑挫伤后基因表达差异的初步研究

目的利用基因芯片技术,研究人挫伤脑组织中基因表达差异。方法从脑组织提取mRNA,通过OTS-2.2S基因芯片,研究脑挫伤组织与对照脑组织细胞原癌及抑癌相关基因特异性表达差异。结果发现在挫伤脑组织中,HoJ-1和KIAAOO65基因表达水平显著下降,而p107mRNA表达水平显著升高。结论在脑挫伤中仅发现3条基因的表达有显著性差异;本研究是对脑损伤后基因表达水平及其法医学意义进行的探索性研究。     

家庭小说之家庭：幻象·性格集合·时空体

<金瓶梅>、<醒世姻缘传>、<林兰香>、<红楼梦>和<歧路灯>等长篇小说以家庭生活为描写中心,并且在艺术上具有传承关系,在小说史上形成了新的类型,现代研究者因此将它们称为"家庭小说".但是,人们在认识家庭小说的"家庭"时,往往将它们直接等同于现实世界的家庭,看作是对现实生活的反映.这在很大程度上遮蔽了小说"家庭"形象的创造性.家庭小说的家庭本质上是一种"审美组织",家庭构成了作为特定小说类型的美学基础.家庭由宅院、日常生活等一系列时空体形式交织而成,主人公的形象,丰富的性格,复杂的人物关系正是通过这些时空体得以充分地建构.小说的家庭最终呈现的是生活世界的幻象.家庭小说的独立,关键是"家庭"在进入小说后获得了建构功能、具有形式意义.因此,从小说自身的家庭图式出发,家庭小说的文学性研究才可能会获得深入.     

A molecular genetic approach for species identification of mammals and sex determination of birds in a forensic case of poaching from South Korea

DNA-based analysis was performed using partial mitochondrial cytochrome b genes of five mammalian specimens and Chromo-Helicase-DNA-binding (CHD) genes of five pheasants to determine whether specimens were from illegally hunted animals. Mammalian specimens were identified as being those of horse, roe deer, and cow through gene amplification using cytb981f and cytb981r primer set and sequencing. CHD genes were revealed to be those of three male and two female pheasants through polymerase chain reaction amplification. Because hunting of roe deers and female pheasants is prohibited in Korea, these results provided forensic evidences of illegal wild animal hunting.     

IF A THREAT OF VIOLENCE IS PRESENTED,WHEN DOES THE LAW REQUIRE FAMILY MEDIATORS TO BREACH CONFIDENTIALITY?

For a family mediator to protect his client, a third party, and/or himself from unlawfully disclosing a client's admission, the family mediator should use the principles set forth in Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California when a threat of violence is presented by one of his clients, since many states have adopted these principles through case law and statute to protect third parties from acts of violence. The two most significant factors in determining whether to breach confidentiality are the identifiability of the victim and the likelihood of the potential physical harm. If a jurisdiction has not explicitly done so via statute, the family mediator should nonetheless follow these principles since they are likely to be adopted by that jurisdiction through case law, because the probability of a court's finding a special relationship between a family mediator and a client is relatively high.     

Private and public voices: Does family group conferencing privilege the voice of children and families in child welfare?

This article examines the use of family group conferencing in child protection and considers its ability to privilege the voice of children and families who reach the attention of statutory child protection services. The family group conference (FGC) is a process of family decision-making in child protection, originally developed in Aotearoa New Zealand, and now practised in many countries including the UK. Examining the literature and research relating to the FGC it considers whether the approach provides a genuine context of participation and partnership, or whether it has become an instrumental professionally led practice as families are charged with greater responsibilities for children at risk.     

有关《论语》的五种英语译文比较研究

中国的翻译事业从夏朝到现代,经历了四千多年的历史;中国对外翻译始于公元505年;明清时代进入翻译繁荣时期;当今世界的中国翻译事业空前繁荣,为推进世界文明的发展做出了不可磨灭的贡献。中国古典名著《论语》乃古代思想文化的瑰宝,《论语》的对外翻译为丰富全人类思想文化发挥了巨大的作用。不同翻译人员语言文化素质的差异必然导致对同一翻译作品理解上的差异,《论语》的翻译尤其如此。本文分析研究了《论语》的五个英文译本,旨在提高中国文化对外翻译质量。     

论家事审判机构之专门化——以家事法院（庭）为中心的比较分析

为了家事纠纷的妥当解决,很多国家建立了以家事法院（庭）为核心的家事审判专门机构。家事审判机构的专门化取决于多个因素：以离婚为核心的家庭事件不断增多,离婚率持续上升;家事事件日益复杂化;既有的审判程序不适合处理家事案件;传统法院（庭）在处理家事案件中存在局限性。建立专门化的家事审判机构不仅能更好的实现家事纠纷解决中的实质正义和综合效益,而且还能有效地保护未成年子女的合法权益。在我国家事纠纷数量居高不下、纠纷复杂程度日益提高、纠纷解决难度不断增大的背景下,我国也应当进行家事审判机构专门化的改革,建立符合我国需求的家事法院（庭）制度。