我国基金会的法律保障与问责机制探究

基金会是慈善事业重要的组成部分,然而其法律环境却问题重重。本文针对基金会成立、运行和监管过程中存在的法律问题,从行政管理、税收优惠和治理结构三方面,展开原因分析和对策研究,从而初步构建我国基金会法律保障与问责机制的体系。     

基金会管理条例

第一章　总　　则第一条　为了规范基金会的组织和活动,维护基金会、捐赠人和受益人的合法权益,促进社会力量参与公益事业,制定本条例。第二条　本条例所称基金会,是指利用自然人、法人或者其他组织捐赠的财产,以从事公益事业为目的,按照本条例的规定成立的非营利性法人。第三条　基金会分为面向公众募捐的基金会(以下简称公募基金会)和不得面向公众募捐的基金会(以下简称非公募基金会)。公募基金会按照募捐的地域范围,分为全国性公募基金会和地方性公募基金会。第四条　基金会必须遵守宪法、法律、法规、规章和国家政策,不得危害国家安全、…     

法学视角下高校治理结构中的权力构成与规范

高校治理结构的核心是多元化权力的合理配置与有效运行。我国目前高校治理内外部结构中的权力构成具有相应的法律来源，但需要进行权力规范，通过立法明确政府与高校的权力界限，建立大学章程，明确权力分配，赋予民主参与权和监督权，从而实现对权力的配置与制约。     

论公民权的法律保护——从权利与权力的辩证关系切入

当代中国,国家权力推动社会转型,权力对于个人自由和权利的保护起着关键作用。应当建立规范权力运作、强化权力责任的法律制度。与公民权理论与实践的最新发展相一致,中国的公民权法律制度也应当注意＂超越个人主义＂、＂权力适度参与＂和＂全球化发展＂的因素,通过提升利益主张的公共品质、改革政府治理模式,保护公民权利。     

基金会名称管理规定

第一条　为了规范对基金会名称的管理,保护基金会的合法权益,根据《基金会管理条例》及有关法律、法规,制定本规定。第二条　本规定适用于按照《基金会管理条例》设立的基金会。第三条　基金会名称应当反映公益活动的业务范围。基金会的名称应当依次包括字号、公益活动的业务范围,并以“基金会”字样结束。公募基金会的名称可以不使用字号。第四条　全国性公募基金会应当在名称中使用“中国”、“中华”、“全国”、“国家”等字样。非公募基金会不得使用上述字样。地方性公募基金会和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府民政部门登记的非公募基金会…     

基金会资助绩效何以提升?——基于信任理论的多案例研究

【问题】基金会资助正日益成为我国草根公益组织继政府购买服务和社会捐赠之外的重要资金来源。资助关系建立的前提是组织间信任,但目前人们对于信任如何影响基金会资助绩效这一问题还所知甚少。【方法】基于信任理论,对国内3家资助型基金会展开多案例研究,借助质性研究工具NVivo进行资料分析了基金会与资助对象之间信任关系建立的影响因素,以及行为策略及对资助绩效的影响。【发现】(1)基金会与资助对象之间的信任建立受特征因素、过程因素及纽带因素的影响。不同因素的作用程度与基金会选择的资助形式有关。特征因素在公开招募方式中作用更突出,纽带因素与过程因素在推荐制和定向邀请中作用更明显。(2)不同的信任前因会影响基金会资助行为策略选择。对于特征因素建立的信任,基金会偏好采用契约行为;对于纽带因素建立的信任,基金会偏好采取关系行为;对于过程因素建立的信任,基金会则倾向双措并举。(3)在资助过程中,基金会综合运用契约行为和关系行为有利于促进项目目标实现、合作意愿强化及伙伴能力提升。【贡献】研究不仅从理论角度丰富了基金会相关研究,拓宽了组织间信任的研究领域;还从实践角度为基金会实现有效资助以及草根公益组织获得基金会资助提供了行动参考。     

行政组织法视域下的国务院“三定”规定研究

现代法治国家要求以完善的行政组织法律体系来规范各级政府的部门设置、职权配置和人员编制。在我国,虽然国务院＂三定＂规定为推进政府机构改革提供了一定的制度保障,但这种规定并不具有行政组织法的性质与效力。因此,应当在完善国务院＂三定＂规定的基础上探索制定各部门组织法规和＂组织基本法＂,以期建构完善的行政组织法律体系。     

基金会管理条例

第一章总 则 第一条为了规范基金会的组织和活动,维护基金会、捐赠人和受益人的合法权益,促进社会力量参与公益事业,制定本条例。 第二条本条例所称基金会,是指利用自     

论非公募基金会的基本矛盾、成因与应对

作为新型的公益组织，非公募基金会具有自身结构特征，从而导致了基本矛盾的产生，即私人属性与公益待遇之间，基金会的控制人可能滥用公益待遇。非公募基金会基本矛盾的成因可归为：性恶论与慈善失灵。基本矛盾的解决需要借助于法律。我国未来非公募基金会的法律制度应以性恶论作为基础，以防范、惩处滥用行为为内容。     

探析建设服务型政府背景下的行政法改革

温家宝总理最早于2004年提出了建设＂服务型政府＂的目标,然后从中央到地方的各级政府,采取了一系列建设＂服务型政府＂的改革浪潮。行政法作为规范政府行政行为的法律规范,应顺应改革浪潮,逐步建立起更加完善的法律体系,使政府能够更好的发挥其职能。     

规范的构成要件要素

由价值关系的概念或评价概念所表述的构成要件要素,是规范的构成要件要素。规范的构成要件要素分为法律的评价要素、经验法则的评价要素与社会的评价要素。规范的构成要件要素并不等同于不明确的构成要件要素,相反具有存在的合理根据与积极意义。法官应当以特定的违法性为导向理解规范的构成要件要素,并根据规范的构成要件要素的不同类型,采用相应的评价标准判断案件事实是否符合规范的构成要件要素。     

域外刑法违法性认识辨析及其与社会危害性认识之比较

在大陆法系和英美法系的刑法理论和实践中,违法性认识通过对责任的决定作用成为犯罪成立的重要因素。在中国,社会危害性认识也是犯罪构成要件主观罪过的重要内容。二者在形式上虽然存在差异,但其实质内容和存在的根据则具有一致性。     

Applying Moral Foundations Theory to the Explanation of Capital Jurors’ Sentencing Decisions

Abstract

This study applies moral foundations theory to capital juror decision making. We hypothesized that binding moral foundations would predict death qualification and punitive sentencing decisions, whereas individualizing moral foundations would be associated with juror disqualification and a leniency effect. Additionally, we considered whether moral foundations can explain differences in death penalty application between conservatives and liberals. Respondents from two independent samples participated in a mock-juror task in which the circumstances of a hypothetical defendant’s case varied. Results revealed moral foundations were strong predictors of death qualification. The binding and individualizing foundations were related to sentencing decisions in the expected ways. Supporting our contention that moral foundations operate differently across different types of cases, heterogeneity in the effects of moral foundations was observed. Finally, we found support for the hypothesis that the relationship between sentencing decisions and conservatism would be attenuated by moral foundations.     

The International Community in Bosnia: Enduring Questions of Legitimacy

This analysis explores the legitimacy of the international communityin Bosnia and the outcome of international involvement in theprocess of democratization. The paper discusses normative definitionsof legitimacy and their relation to certain elements of theinternational community's involvement in Bosnia. The first partof the paper discusses the foundations of distrust of the internationalcommunity during the war, specifically the presence of the UN.The second part of the paper explores the legitimacy of theDayton Peace Agreement and the consequent Constitution. Thefinal part of this paper explains how the Office of the HighRepresentative presents an enormous challenge to legitimatedemocracy in Bosnia and concludes with questions relating tothe future of the Bosnian government.     

Can Tort Law Be Moral?

According to the established orthodoxy, the law of private wrongs—especially common law torts—fails to map onto our moral universe. Four objections in particular have caught the imagination of skeptics about the moral foundations of tort law: They purport to cast doubt over the moral appeal of the duty of care element; they target the seemingly inegalitarian objective standard of care; they object to the morally arbitrary elements of factual causation and harm; and they complain about the unnecessary extension of liability under the guise of the proximate cause element. Analyzing these four prevailing arguments concerning the a‐moral (and, with regard to some interpretations, anti‐moral) character of tort law, I shall seek to show that the normative structure of tort law can, nonetheless, be reconstructed so as to reflect, to an important extent, our considered judgments about basic moral principles.     

论我国刑事诉讼客体内容的确定——案件事实及其法律评价的双重确定

作为刑事诉讼基本要素之一的刑事诉讼客体理论内容系统庞杂,但我国理论界对刑事诉讼客体的内容素有争论,时至今日也并未达成一致,这阻滞着公诉变更、法院变更罪名、＂一事不再理＂等问题的解决。应结合刑法与刑事诉讼法规范的目的,并以刑事实体法与刑事程序法为双重基础,确立包含实体内容与程序内容在内的案件事实、对案件事实的法律评价为刑事诉讼客体的内容。     

Liberal Neutrality Or Liberal Tolerance?

This paper explores tensions in Ronald Dworkin's liberal theory (and liberalism more generally) about the appropriate relationship of the state to the different conceptions of the good that may be adopted by its citizens. Liberal theory generally supposes that the state must exhibit a kind of impartiality to different conceptions of the good. This impartiality is often thought to be captured by an anti-perfectionist ideal of liberal neutrality. But neutrality is often criticized as an ideal that lacks adequate theoretical support and is difficult to reconcile with liberalism's commitment to government support of various elements of a community's culture. Nonetheless, Dworkin has tried to explain systematically how his egalitarian brand of liberalism can explain the appropriateness of a particular variety of neutrality. I argue, however, that Dworkin's account of the relationship between liberalism and the good is ambiguous. I suggest that an ideal of tolerance which embraces a mild form of perfectionism fits better with the egalitarian foundations of Dworkin's liberalism than neutrality. Moreover, tolerance is an ideal through which familiar tensions about the liberal state's relationship to the good may be resolved.     

Income tax; definition of a private foundation--Internal Revenue Service. Final regulations

This document contains final regulations relating to the definition of a private foundation. Changes to the applicable tax law were made by Pub. L. 94-81, enacted August 9, 1975. The regulations affect certain tax-exempt organizations seeking to qualify as other than private foundations which acquire unrelated trades or businesses after June 30, 1975. The regulations provide such organizations with guidance necessary to determine whether they qualify as other than private foundations.     

网络环境下国际私法的传统管辖权规则所面临的困境与挑战

随着网络行为的普遍涌现、网络及信息服务的大量激增,给传统的国际私法造成了很大的冲击。网络空间的全球化、虚拟化、非中心化等特点动摇了传统管辖权的基础,使法院对网络案件的司法管辖面临挑战。文章在分析了网络的特征及其行为特性后,对传统管辖权基础在网络环境下面临的困境以及主权所遭遇的尴尬境地进行了全面分析,并对现有变革性理论的不足进行了探讨。