东南亚非政府组织:源起、现状与前景——以马来西亚、泰国、菲律宾、印度尼西亚为例

近30年来,随着东南亚国家政治经济的发展,公民社会的力量也逐步增强,非政府组织在国家政治生活中的地位也愈发重要。由于东南亚国家有着各自不同的历史发展背景和社会政治体制,相应地,各国非政府组织的发展也存在着多样性。本文以马来西亚、泰国、菲律宾、印度尼西亚为例,研究东南亚非政府组织的发展情况。     

菲律宾的非政府组织

本文分析了菲律宾作为拥有全球第三大非政府组织(NGO)的发展中国家,其非政府组织的缘起、总体情况及其发展趋势,并认为目前菲律宾NGO对国家和地区政策的影响仍然不大,但通过市民社会与国家的互动,有可能在国家政治生活中发挥更大的作用并影响政治决策。     

人权非政府组织与联合国

在二战以来的国际人权政治发展中 ,人权非政府组织与联合国已形成了日益紧密的合作关系。一方面 ,人权非政府组织积极地借助联合国来扩大自身的影响 ,并对主权国家施加更大的压力 ;另一方面 ,联合国为拓展人权事务在资源、信息和机构运作等方面也积极地倚重人权非政府组织的活动支持。人权非政府组织与联合国的这种紧密合作 ,导致了人权非政府组织对联合国人权事务和人权机构的渗透、联合国人权机构人事上的交叉任职以及复杂的国际多边人权干预 ,从而形成了包含人权非政府组织、主权国家与联合国在内的复杂三角政治关系     

“中国军控与裁军协会”在京成立

中国军控与裁军协会（以下简称“协会”）于２００１年８月２１日在北京成立。协会是全国性、非营利的非政府组织。协会的宗旨是：组织协调全国民间军控、裁军和不扩散活动，以利于推动国际军控与裁军进程，维护世界和平。 近年来，国际上非政府组织发展迅速，对国际政治、经济、军事、文化、社会等各个方面发挥着越来越重要的作用，已成为国际舞台上一支不可忽视的力量。军控与裁军关系，世界和平与安全，一直是非政府组织关注的重点领域之一。各国非政府组织对国际军控与裁军进程的发展，以及对各国军控政策的制定和实施发挥重要影响。当…     

美国国际开发署与非政府组织的合作模式

美国国际开发署是美国官方最重要的对外援助机构,在美国外援中发挥着重要作用。非政府组织是国际开发署具体实施援助的主要工具,国际开发署与非政府组织已形成了成熟的合作模式。国际开发署与非政府组织彼此借重,相互利用,客观上对发展中国家的经济、社会发展产生了积极作用,同时也给它们的政治和社会稳定带来了负面影响。     

非政府国际组织发展现状

非政府组织(Non-Government Organization,简称NGO)主要是相对于政府组织而言,在国际社会,非政府组织相对于政府间国际组织(Intergovernment Organization,简称IGO)而言。非政府组织的兴起是20世纪后期重要的政治和社会现象之一,非政府间国际组织的兴起则是20世纪后期国际社会的重要现象之一。NGO在国际舞台上正扮演日益重要的角色,在国际事务中发挥日益重要的作用。20世纪90年代以来NGO在许多国际组织和     

世界各国政党体制与国际政治研究综述

政党在当代国际政治舞台上扮演着相当活跃的角色, 它对国际政治的影响逐渐受到 国内学术界的关注。目前, 学者们初步分析了世界各国政党体制对国际政治的影响, 以及政党政治 与国际政治相互作用的具体表现;阐述了开展政党外交的必要性与可能性;论证了政党作为非政府 组织已成为国际关系中的新型行为主体, 其影响已渗透到一个国家内政、外交活动的各个方面, 并 因此影响国际关系和国际政治的发展     

浅析拉美国家非政府组织管理体制

本文采用实证研究的方法,从非政府组织管理相关法律法规、政府对非政府组织的行政监管、政府对非政府组织的资金监管三个角度梳理拉美国家的非政府组织管理体制,进而根据国际常用的非政府组织管理体制的评价机制,从拉美现实出发对拉美非政府组织管理体制做出整体评价,探讨如何实现非政府组织管理的有效性,即保证非政府组织在国家治理的各个层面发挥更加积极的作用,避免其消极影响,进而实现政府与非政府组织的良性互动与合作,达到"善治"目标。在拉美,政府在运用法制、行政、资金监管等手段管理非政府组织方面进行了积极探索,涉及非政府组织的成立、运转、资金和对外联系等各个方面。拉美国家已经形成内容比较完整、架构比较清晰的相关法律体系以及比较明确的管理流程和组织架构,对非政府组织的资金监管尤为重视,但是拉美国家仍需加强政府对非政府组织的引导;简化管理体系,明确管理环节,统一管理标准;塑造有利于非政府组织良性发展的社会—文化环境和政治环境。     

非政府组织在当代国际关系中的影响和作用

冷战结束以来, 国际政治行为体日益多元化, 其中非政府组织已经日益演变成为一 类具有重要意义的国际行为体, 在国际政治舞台上有其独特的重要影响和作用。随着国际参与能 力的提高, 非政府组织产生了广泛的国际政治效应;非政府组织是一种致力于社会公益事业的力 量, 是公民社会中最积极最活跃的角色, 它们的形成和发展无疑意味着公民社会的发展;全球问题 的增多使得如何动员全球范围力量来进行全球治理成了一个非常现实和紧迫的问题, 非政府组织 在全球治理中作用突出。     

西方非政府组织解读与启示

当前,非政府组织在国际社会中发挥着越来越大的作用.非政府组织在西方起源并率先发展,现已颇具规模,成为当今国际事务中不可忽视的生力军.受其影响,中国的非政府组织自20世纪90年代以来也迅速发展不断壮大,但是在其发展过程中也出现了一些问题.本文旨在分析西方非政府组织发展过程和变化趋势、积极和消极的社会功能,并在此基础上加深对中国非政府组织的理解.     

马来西亚妇女非政府组织的发展

本文首先回顾了马来西亚妇女非政府组织的发展历程,然后对独立后马来西亚主要的妇女非政府组织及其活动进行介绍,最后对马来西亚妇女非政府组织与马来西亚政府的关系进行评估和分析。     

Riding high or nosediving: Development NGOs in the new millennium

This paper attempts to draw some lessons from the experience of development NGOs throughout the world over the last five decades. It starts by describing the meaning of the alternative development paradigm as practised by NGOs. It then examines some of the major socio-political changes that have occurred in recent years, and their impact on development NGOs. Finally, it outlines some key dilemmas facing development NGOs, and their potential implications for their future roles and contributions at the start of the new millennium.     

The securitisation of NGOs post-9/11

This article argues that the securitisation of an issue can involve not only negative, exclusionary and repressive extraordinary measures but also more positive, inclusionary and productive strategies of engagement. It also argues that such bifurcated strategies of security can evoke a spectrum of responses that sets limits on the process of securitisation. It examines these two arguments through the lens of the securitisation of development NGOs post-9/11. Development NGOs have become associated as a potential ‘second-order’ security issue related to the macro-securitisation of the War on Terror. After the launch of President Bush's War on Terror, US and allied governments shifted their approach to development NGOs from one of enthusiastically courting them as co-producers of development and security to an approach that cast greater suspicion on their activities. Aware that development NGOs still had a positive role to play in development and security, Western governments adopted a bifurcated strategy of containment and engagement towards development NGOs. State attempts to restrict development NGOs have evoked a spectrum of responses, ranging from ready compliance to outright resistance that has led to only partial success in securitising development NGOs.     

Multilateral agencies,NGOs, and policy reform

This article examines the growth in relations that have occurred between multilateral agencies (MLAs) and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) during the past decade. It identifies three substantive debates in the MLAs on participatory development, value for money, and the role of the public sector in social service delivery that have served to promote greater interest in NGOs for efficiency reasons. The article reviews the experience of NGOs in the Bolivian Emergency Social Fund and the first attempt to create a Social Investment Fund in Guatemala. It concludes by identifying some of the obstacles that prevent the full integration of NGOs into MLA projects, even when good will exists to do so.     

Women’s NGOs as intermediaries in development cooperation: findings from research in Tanzania

This article employs research conducted with the Kivulini Women’s Rights Organization in Tanzania to discuss opportunities, constraints, and broader lessons about the role of women’s NGOs as intermediaries in development projects. Findings reveal that women’s NGOs often have insecure positions in development projects and are undervalued by executing agencies because advocating for gender equality is perceived as a “natural” extension of women’s roles in patriarchal societies. Women’s NGOs are “feminised” and consequently trivialised in their role as intermediaries, putting gender equality objectives at risk of attrition or abandonment. Under certain circumstances, women’s NGOs can be pushed out of partnership projects altogether.     

Mismatch between NGO services and beneficiaries' priorities: examining contextual realities

The proliferation of NGOs, particularly in developing countries over the last five decades, has prompted debates on the extent to which NGO services have been able to match the priorities of disadvantaged groups such as low castes and ethnic groups in Nepal. This paper explores the development priorities of villagers from a village in Nepal (Thecho), and their views regarding the match between services offered by NGOs and those priorities. Additionally, the paper highlights the importance of NGOs understanding contextual realities while implementing development activities.     

NGOs: Fragmented dreams

Development NGOs are in crisis. They are losing their capacity to engage in critical analysis and propose global solutions; to react to or seize the political initiative; or to situate themselves on the cutting edge of those social and political processes in which new approaches and potential solutions might be found. While some NGOs have sought to accommodate themselves around donors' policies and projects that focus on reducing the negative effects of structural adjustment, the raison d'être of NGOs is to have the autonomy, initiative, and flexibility that non-governmental status confers upon them. A growing split between NGOs' capacity to lobby and do research and their grassroots work reflects a deeper division that exists-- both practical and theoretical --between the concept and process of development and the concept and process of democratisation. The author argues that human development and participatory and representative democracy are both mutually reinforcing and indivisible and that the challenge the NGOs face is to link--theoretically and practically--democracy with development.     

Agrarian reform

Agrarian reform and land reform have virtually disappeared from the international development agenda since the 1980s. However, many people's organisations (POs) and NGOs in Third World countries are attempting to restore them as a development priority and policy imperative. The Philippines provides an example of agrarian reform that is currently being implemented within a democratic political framework which, while not without problems, presents an opportunity for a meaningful change for small farmers and landless peasants. In 1989, PhilDhrra, a network of NGOs in the Philippines, initiated a tripartite mechanism and programme among POs, NGOs, and government to facilitate the agrarian-reform process, which is showing encouraging results in several provinces.