Mobilizing Resilience and Recovery in Response to Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE): A Restorative Integral Support (RIS) Case Study

The Restorative Integral Support (RIS) model is a comprehensive, whole person approach to addressing adversity and trauma. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Kaiser Permanente reveals a relationship between childhood trauma and adult health and social problems. The current empirical case study presents the Committee on the Shelterless (COTS), in Petaluma, CA, as an example of one social service agency employing RIS to break cycles of homelessness. By applying RIS, research-based programming is offered within a culture of recovery that mobilizes resilience through social affiliations. The authors recommend RIS model implementation and research in programs serving populations with ACE backgrounds.     

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Within a Social Disadvantage Framework: Distinguishing Unique, Cumulative, and Moderated Contributions to Adult Mental Health

The deleterious impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) may be confounded with frequently co-occurring social disadvantage. In this analysis we test the effects of ACE on adult mental health within a social disadvantage framework, using a population-based survey (n?=?7,444; mean age?=?55.2 years) from Washington State. We also examined the protective effects of socioemotional support, and the distinct and combined contribution of the measured ACE factors. Results demonstrated sustained impact of ACE on mental health many decades later, even net of social disadvantage and demographic contributors. Protective factors provided both direct and moderating influences, potentially masking the elevated effects of ACE for those with few resources. Toxicity examination of ACE items evinced differential effects of ACE experiences on mental health. These results demonstrate that interventions ameliorating the effects of ACE and bolstering protective resources such as socioemotional support may be effective toward augmenting mental health even late in life.     

Literacy for the community, by the community

Literacy is a significant challenge in the U.S. and its territories, especially in low income communities where use of English language is non-standard. Wedeveloped the Actual Community Empowerment (ACE) Reading program for students at risk in such communities. ACE is a small-group tutoring program to support fluency, word recognition and decoding, and comprehension at the best pace of learning for individual, struggling readers. It has several variations (e.g., for different ages, different uses of technology), depending on local needs and resources. The program has been successfully implemented in 40 locations from Philadelphia to Pohnpei, with a 95% success rate for significant reading improvement. ACE tutors are community paraprofessionals or school students with backgrounds similar to the children who receive tutoring. In the first major section of this paper, the ACE Reading Program is described and empirical research demonstrating the benefits of the program for students' literacy is reviewed. The second major section presents preliminary qualitative research evidence that paraprofessional tutors progress through recognizable stages toward increased professionalism. Recommendations for future research are provided.     

Translating the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study into Public Policy: Progress and Possibility in Washington State

On June 15, 2011, Washington became the first state in the United States to enact legislation aimed at preventing adverse childhood experiences (ACE), reducing their prevalence, and mitigating their effects. House Bill 1965 (HB 1965) was established on the understanding among legislators and Washington communities of the need for policies aimed at preventing child abuse, promoting healthy development of children, and building community capacity to improve public health. Empirical examples of integrating ACE-related research with public policy and programmatic design are chronicled. The legislators who developed HB 1965 lay out questions that, if answered, would further improve policymakers' ability to craft public policy and programs that prevent ACE, reduce their effects, and promote a healthier, safer future.     

Adolescent Parents and Their Children: A Multifaceted Approach to Prevention of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE)

Childhood experiences can have long-term effects. Research shows that children who undergo adverse childhood experiences (ACE) often have negative health and mental health outcomes later in life. Children of adolescent parents with high ACE Scores are at greater risk of ACE. As such, an intergenerational approach to preventing ACE is proposed in this article, addressing the needs of both the adolescent parent and their children. A review of the literature indicates that a public health perspective can guide the development of a prevention model aimed at reducing the effects of ACE. The current article proposes a universal, multifaceted, and interdisciplinary prevention science model that has two targets: adolescent parents and their children. Schools and early childhood programs can be mobilized to offer community prevention strategies across realms to include the individual, community, provider, coalitions/networks, organizational practices, and policy/legislation.     

Understanding Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) and Their Relationship to Adult Stress Among Male Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse

Men who were sexually abused during childhood represent a highly stigmatized, marginalized, and under-researched population at risk for a variety of problems across the lifespan. The purpose of the current study was to (a) describe characteristics of child sexual abuse (CSA) and adverse child experiences (ACE), and (b) examine the relationships among CSA characteristics, ACE, and stressors in adulthood. Using a cross-sectional design, the researcher collected data on 487 adult men through an anonymous, online survey. Bivariate analyses revealed that five CSA characteristics-age at first abuse (r?=?-.164), number of abusers (r?=?.231), use of physical force, penetration, and physical injury-were related to the number of ACE. Three CSA characteristics (use of physical force, penetration, and physical injury) and the number of ACE (r?=?.162) were positively related to the number of stressors in adulthood. Preliminary recommendations for prevention, intervention, and future research are provided.     

The Evolution of China's Nonproliferation Policy since the 1990s: Progress,problems, and prospects

This article offers an overview of China's evolving nonproliferation policy over the past decade. It documents the key developments during this period and identifies both the internal and external factors that have brought about significant change in Chinese policy. It argues that China's growing recognition of the threats posed by WMD proliferation, image concerns, its interest in maintaining stable Sino-US relations, and the US policy initiatives aimed at influencing Chinese behavior are largely accountable for Beijing's gradual acceptance of nonproliferation norms, pledges to adhere to selected multilateral export control guidelines, and the introduction of domestic export control regulations. It suggests that the future direction of China's nonproliferation policy to a large extent will depend on how Beijing and Washington manage their increasing differences over missile defenses and the Taiwan issue.     

人工智能在公安领域中的应用

智能科学是现代科学的前沿和热点，是计算机应用的高新技术。本文通过对人工智能有关理论的简介，论述了人工智能在公安等领域中的应用，同时也反映了智能技术的最新成果与发展方向。     

农村土地承包期限的矛盾现状及法律对策

农村土地承包制度中关于承包期无限顺延所引发的农村人地不均问题,是关涉农村社会和谐与安定的重大问题。农村土地承包期走向无限顺延所导致人地不均的矛盾,既不能通过土地承包权或经营权八股的方式,也不能通过将农村土地私有化的方式予以解决。只有在农村基本经营制度的框架内,着力加强农村社会保障法制化的建设,健全农村土地经营权流转制度,才能从根本上解决农村土地承包期限所引发人地不均的矛盾。     

Burgeoning directions for the prevention of youth violence. Introduction

Despite focused efforts toward the prevention of youth violence within the United States, it continues to adversely affect the lives of children and families within our communities and society at large. The articles in this issue address risk and protective factors that affect violence among urban youth to inform prevention and treatment. Pathways to youth violence are complex and may begin early. Prevention efforts in school, family, and community settings that address risk and protective factors within a socially, culturally, and ecologically valid context early in human development are crucial. While challenges remain for the prevention of youth violence, research suggests opportunities to improve our efforts. Federal agency initiatives in partnership with communities are currently underway to increase the knowledge base and advance prevention of youth violence among diverse populations.     

Restructuring Governance in Contemporary Urban China: perspectives on state and society

Serving as a de facto introduction to the group of articles in this issue, this essay discusses four varied approaches to state and society, followed by an empirical evaluation of urban China in the realm of heritage governance. Through examining the nomination and preservation of the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang as required by UNESCO's World Heritage status, I argue that the operation of the local political system was a dynamic, interactive, and resourceful process that drew its legitimacy from multiple sources without systematic bias against any particular social group.     

美国自然文化遗产管理经验及对中国有关改革的启示

美国是自然文化遗产资源丰富且管理较为成功的国家,其基本管理理念是根据遗产资源的公益性确定遗产资源的使命,然后建立与使命相应的资金机制、管理机制、经营机制、监督机制等,以确保管理能力、管理手段与管理目标相适应。本文以美国国家公园体系为例介绍了这种理念的形成过程和具体体现方式,总结了中国自然文化遗产管理制度与美国的差别,并在剖析中国有关改革的基础上提出了中国遗产管理应该借鉴美国的基本管理理念。     

论学习型党组织建设与执政能力建设的关系

中国共产党90年的历史经验证明,党员干部的学习问题和能力问题至关重要。无论从价值理性、工具理性的角度来审视二者都统一于党的最高目标和宗旨。学习型党组织建设的目的是提升执政能力;执政能力建设的目的是通过创新党建工作模式,巩固党的执政地位。学习型党组织建设与执政能力建设之间具有因果关系,同时二者又具有互相提升,共同发展的关系。     

民族村寨文化的复兴历程——以云南石林月湖村撒尼文化变迁为例

改革开放以来的20余年,是少数民族村寨文化受到现代化冲击最为迅猛的时期,民族村寨文化在这一时期先后经历了两次大规模的复兴与重构。20世纪80年代发生的是族群内部自下而上的自发性文化复兴,90年代至今仍在继续的则是“他者”介入后自上而下的引导性文化建构。从本质上看,这两次村寨文化复兴都是民族文化持有者对现代性语境下的族群身份、文化归属、自我认同等所进行的努力与追求。     

深化行政改革需要深入思考的三个问题

本文讨论新形势下推进我国行政改革深化涉及的三个重大问题。首先是动力机制创新,在对相关理论、国际实践和我国动力机制特征和困境系统分析的基础上,提出动力机制创新的三个转变。其次,针对有关市场化改革的争论,提出并论证了需要反思的不是市场化改革的大方向,而是市场化的具体形式。第三,围绕改革侧重点,提出并论证了机构改革与运作管理改革的合理平衡。     

Synergy and Healing

Summary

There is a crisis in health care resulting from the scarcity of resources and the inequitable distribution of those resources toward those most able to pay. Two paradigms for the generation and distribution of resources are discussed. The scarcity paradigm, in which individuals must compete for scarce resources, dominates Western care and expresses and supports that crisis. The synergy paradigm, in which individuals share resources which are renewable and expanding, is rare in the West but could help alleviate that crisis. Three case studies of synergy in Western health care are presented, illustrating the nature and functioning of “synergistic community.” Dilemmas remaining in the introduction and maintenance of synergy within Western care are discussed.     

Controlling Local Environmental Performance: an analysis of three national environmental management programs in the context of regional disparities in China

Whether government has the political will and capacity to control pollution is crucial for environmental outcomes. A vast country such as China, with centralized policymaking but idiosyncratic local implementation of environmental regulations and drastic regional disparities in wealth, raises the question of how does the central government stimulate local environmental commitment to accommodate such diversity? In exploring this issue, this paper compares three national environmental management programs that are used as influencing and bargaining tools between the central and local governments of China: Quantitative Examination of Comprehensive Control of Urban Environment (1989), Model City for Protecting the Environment (1997) and pilot Green Gross Domestic Product (2005). Although the introduction of these schemes represents an important step forward in addressing demanding environmental issues their impact is found to be mixed. However, each scheme also has something important to offer to this particular realm of environmental management and by recognizing and compiling their comparative advantages a number of policy implications for future local commitment towards and capacity for environmental protection can be provided.     

青年农民工城市融入问题研究——以分布于广州、上海、青岛的三个个案为例

青年农民工的城市融入困境主要体现在工作、生活、交往和心理四个方面。为加快我国城市化和现代化进程,国家应制定相应的对策,积极引导青年农民工朝着正确的方向发展,同时,要妥善解决青年农民工面临的各种困难,满足他们在工作和生活方面提出的各种合理要求。     

China's Adaptation Challenges—a critical assessment of China's ability to facilitate a strategic shift towards a low-carbon economy by applying the structure–agency framework

China's reform/opening process has been exceptionally successful at generating lasting economic growth and in lifting millions of people out of absolute poverty. However, this success came at a significant price. Environmental degeneration represents one critical issue. Other serious topics include an increasing income and development gap between and within provinces, and between rural and urban areas. A proposed shift towards a low-carbon economy seems to provide an answer in addressing this complex environmental–development challenge. However, decisions on a future course of action are not made in a political, economic or social vacuum, instead decisions are made in the context of a particular structural environment, which restricts the options available for actors. Applying a structure–agency approach will help to identify and highlight the existing structural challenges inherent within China's development strategy.     

加快转变经济发展方式战略思想的形成、发展与实践

在2006年10月至2007年10月加快转变经济发展方式战略思想的提出和初步形成时期,胡锦涛提出了加快转型发展的新理念、新概念、新战略;在2007年10月至2012年加快转变经济发展方式战略思想的丰富和发展时期,目标方向、基本要求、政策导向、工作重点、战略关键等诸项战略思想逐步丰富和发展起来。党的十六大以来,胡锦涛提出和发展了加快转变经济发展方式的重大战略思想,反映了我们党对发展问题的新认识。十年来,我国推动转型发展在六个方面取得了可喜的进展。