33例外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血的法医尸检分析

外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血,国内法医文献报道的个案较多,但针对外伤导致蛛网膜下腔出血的大样本案例分析较少见。本文根据33例外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血的检案资料,对其法医病理学特点进行分析。1案例资料33例资料来源于10年间(1995~2005年)南山分局法医检验的外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血的尸     

脑血管畸形出血死亡的法医病理学分析

法医病理尸检中,因脑血管畸形出血死亡案例并不少见,本文通过3例脑血管畸形的尸检案例,探讨脑血管畸形的组织病理学特点,出血机理以及损伤参与度在死因分析中的应用,旨在提高法医病理的诊断水平。     

法医病理检案工作中的人为现象

目的 研究法医病理检案工作中常见的人为现象及其造成法医学鉴定结论错误的原因。方法 收集13例法医病理复核鉴定案例,并对其进行回顾性分析。结果 胸外心脏按压所致肋骨骨折,胸、腹腔出血及肺动脉栓塞栓子破碎,误认为生前外伤或死因不明5例;胰腺死后变化(自溶和被膜下及间质出血),误认为急性出血坏死性胰腺炎4例;死后动物咬伤误认为生前损伤2例;腐败尸斑误认为皮下出血1例;死后颈部解剖不当造成颈部肌肉出血,影响死因分析1例。结论 法医病理检案工作中的人为现象,常导致法医学鉴定的结论错误。     

会议简讯

<正> △中国法医学会第二期法医病理学专题讲习班于1992年4月13～25日在武汉市同济医科大学举行。来自全国18个省、市、自治区公、检、法及大专院校共40名学员参加了学习。主要内容为心源性猝死病理、外伤性颅内出血.与病理性出血、蛛网膜下腔出血的鉴别。讲习班采取理论讲授与疑难案例会诊、专题讨论相结合,应用幻灯片、录相片和切片显微电视示教及观察实际案例标本等方法进行,收到良好效果。△中国法医学会法医病理学专业委员会首次专题研讨会于1992年7月16～19日在吉林抚松召开。主题是“当前法医尸检工作中存在的问题”,会上交流论文26篇。主要内容:法医尸检工作的标准化、规范化问题;损伤与疾     

少量外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血法医学鉴定分析24例

<正>颅脑损伤导致蛛网膜下腔出血(subarachnoid hemorrhage,SAH)在法医临床检验鉴定中较为常见。按Greere等的CT分级标准,把厚度≤5mm并局限于1～3处的SAH定为少量蛛网膜下腔出血。有报道在外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血(traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage,TSAH)中少量蛛网膜下腔出血占71.2%,故法医临床检验鉴定应予以足够重视。本文作者结合24例相关案例资料,对其法医学鉴定相     

单纯外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血的法医临床学鉴定

单纯外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血 (simpletraumaticsubarachnoidhemorrhage ,STSAH) ,是指不伴有其他颅内损伤 ,单纯由于蛛网膜下腔血管破裂而发生的蛛网膜下腔出血。在法医学活体鉴定中 ,常因其不伴有其他颅内损伤而给临床诊断和法医鉴定带来一定难度[1,2 ] 。本文作者对 38例单纯外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血的法医临床学鉴定资料进行回顾性分析 ,旨在探讨STSAH的法医临床学鉴定问题。1　案例资料1 1　一般资料38例来源于本系 1995年 7月～ 2 0 0 3年 2月间受理的法医临床学鉴定案例 ,其中男性 2 6例 ,女性 12例 ;年龄 16～ 6 3岁 ,平均 36岁。伤者…     

顶部受力致单纯性延髓损伤出血1例

<正> 原发性脑干损伤在法医尸检中较为常见,但不伴有脑干其它部位损伤出血的单纯性延髓出血较罕见。现报告1例。     

注射吸毒致假性股动脉瘤破裂死亡1例

总结吸毒者股动脉瘤破裂出血死亡的尸体检验鉴定要点。通过法医系统解剖发现,反复股动脉穿刺易引起股动脉瘤形成并破裂出血,对其形成机制进行分析。     

必须重视法医的命案现场勘验

命案现场勘验是法医的一项重要工作任务。但近几年没有得到足够的重视 ,甚至有的认为法医就是检验尸体 ,现场勘验可有可无 ,从而导致临案法医的作用被弱化和检案水平得不到提高。笔者就此结合案例进行相关探讨。案例介绍【案例 1】　某日下午 ,本县一招待所客房内一 80岁老妪死于床上 ,刑技人员处理现场后即将尸体交由法医检验 ,发现 :( 1)死者颈部有 4道勒索 (第 1条为长条毛巾 ,其他 3条为长短不一的布条 ) ,都在颈前部打有死结 ,其索道间绞夹着头发和衣领等 ,勒索相应处软组织出血 ;( 2 )颜面部青紫肿胀 ,左耳道出血 ,心血呈暗红色流动性…     

外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血

蛛网膜下腔出血在法医病理实践中相当常见。尤尸检时头部损伤不重而仅见蛛网膜下腔出血时，其出血是外伤性还是病理性的鉴定相当困难。以往不少人忽视了外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血。作者根据个人的经验结合复习文献，对外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血的有关问题讨论如下。1概念外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血在法医实践中经常使用但尚未见人给其以明确的概念。简言之，外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血（iT8llllwhCsuharsclllwid1llltohe，ThAH）指的是因机械性损伤使血液在蛛网膜下腔积聚。作为出血原因的机械性损伤可以是各种类型的钝器伤、锐器伤或火器伤；损伤部位最多见…     

82例肾上腺出血的法医病理学分析

目的 分析肾上腺出血与个体死亡原因、年龄和性别的关系。方法 对82例。肾上腺出血的案例进行统计学分析。结果 （1）肾上腺出血在猝死、感染、外伤和窒息中最多见。（2）肾上腺出血男性多于女性。猝死、外伤和中毒的肾上腺出血多见于青壮年，感染以幼儿多见，窒息主要为胎儿和新生儿。（3）猝死和窒息的肾上腺出血部位主要在髓质，感染以皮质出血为主，外伤在包膜和髓质的出血概率相等。结论 在法医检案过程中，肾上腺出血可以为寻找死因提供线索。     

A forensic pathological study of eighty-two cases of adrenal hemorrhage

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between adrenal hemorrhage and the cause of death, age and gender. METHODS: Eighty-two cases of adrenal hemorrhage were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Adrenal hemorrhage occurred mostly in cases of sudden death, infection, trauma and asphyxia. Male had more chance than female to have adrenal hemorrhage. Adrenal hemorrhage caused by sudden death, trauma and poisoning was more frequently seen in young adults, whereas adrenal hemorrhage in children as well as in fetus and newborns was often caused by infection as well as sudden death and asphyxia respectively. Adrenal hemorrhage caused by sudden death and asphyxia was mainly located in medulla, while the infection usually induced hemorrhage in cortex. Adrenal hemorrhage caused by trauma showed an equal opportunity in either the cortex or medulla. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that adrenal hemorrhage might provide some clues in searching for the cause of death.     

上海地区非法行医致孕妇死亡案例回顾性研究

目的研究上海地区非法行医致孕妇死亡案例并分析其特点,探究其形成原因及预防机制。方法收集本研究所2001～2005年接受上海市公安机关委托非法行医致孕妇死亡案例11例,按照孕妇情况、死亡原因及非法行医者的诊疗措施等进行分类整理分析。结果非法行医致孕妇死亡的原因多为产后大出血、羊水栓塞,多伴软产道裂伤。孕妇多未进行正规产前检查,到缺乏必要医疗条件的个体非法行医者处或者家中分娩,非法行医者往往存在不正当应用催产素,强行分娩,未采取及时有效抢救措施。     

Sudden Death Due to Primary Intraventricular Hemorrhage: Report of Two Cases

Primary intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) is a rare type of stroke defined as bleeding within the ventricles of the brain without any associated parenchymal hemorrhage. Here, we reported two cases of sudden death due to PIVH. One of the patients was found dead under a highway bridge without witnesses, and the other patient was hospitalized with hemorrhage in the ventricular system, as revealed by a head computed tomography scan. In these two patients, autopsy and macroscopic examination only showed hemorrhages in the ventricular system without any traumatic brain injury or other intraparenchymal hemorrhage. The sources of bleeding for both patients were ultimately confirmed as ruptured brain arteriovenous malformations located in the subventricular zone. We reported these cases to broaden our understanding of sudden death associated with PIVH, especially when caused by brain arteriovenous malformation. We also summarized the essential details of the diagnoses and available technical methods for PIVH cases.     

Intracranial arteriovenous malformations presenting as sudden unexpected death: a report of 3 cases and review of the literature

Intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are cerebrovascular abnormalities due to maldevelopment of the regional capillary bed, producing lesions with arteriovenous shunting. AVMs may account for as many as 1% of all sudden deaths; however, case reports in the literature are exceedingly rare. We present 3 cases of sudden death due to hemorrhage of AVM and discuss the literature and the differential diagnosis in cases of sudden death due to intracranial hemorrhage.     

Death from renal cyst: spontaneous or traumatic rupture?

We report an unusual death of an apparently healthy 56-year-old male due to massive hemorrhage caused by rupture of an artery in the wall of a solitary renal cyst, possibly after a relatively minor trauma. Fatalities due to spontaneous or posttraumatic rupture of renal cysts are extremely rare but can represent a potential danger for people with acquired cystic kidney disease. Our report describes results of the forensic investigation and discusses possible mechanisms of the rupture.     

Sudden Unexpected Deaths Due to Intracranial Meningioma: Presentation of Six Fatal Cases,Review of the Literature,and A Discussion of the Mechanisms of Death

Deaths due to meningiomas are routinely diagnosed in clinical practice because this neoplasm tends to present with the typical progression of neurological deficits. On the other hand, sudden unexpected deaths due to meningiomas are rarely described in the literature. The study presents six fatal cases of previously undiagnosed intracranial meningiomas from the Cook County Medical Examiner's Office from 1998 to 2014. The most common explanation of the mechanism of sudden death due to intracranial neoplasms is a rapid increase in intracranial pressure produced by the mass effect of the neoplasm. Other mechanisms of death include acute intracranial and intratumoral hemorrhage, and benign neoplasms that grow in the vicinity of vital centers altering neural discharge in autonomic pathways leading to cardiac suppression or lethal arrhythmia. Forensic pathologists must keep in mind that sudden unexpected death caused by intracranial meningiomas, although extremely rare, may be encountered in the forensic setting.     

Sudden Death by Spontaneous Epiglottic Hematoma Secondary to High Blood Levels of Warfarin

A 67‐year‐old man was found dead, at his home. On external examination, we found a voluminous purplish black ecchymosis of the anterior neck area. On internal examination, we found a voluminous epiglottis hematoma completely obstructing the upper airway. It was associated with other sites of intra‐abdominal hemorrhage. Toxicological studies revealed the presence of warfarin at a concentration of 8.4 mg/L in peripheral blood, which supposes an INR well above 4.5. To conclude, we supposed death was due to asphyxia secondary to a spontaneous epiglottic hematoma caused by a high blood concentration of warfarin. Hemorrhage in the epiglottis is very rare. To our knowledge, our patient is the only case of “sudden death” reported with spontaneous epiglottic hematoma due to high blood concentration of warfarin. In forensic practice, an anterior neck ecchymosis, without trauma, may suggest hemorrhage into soft airway tissues. Pathology findings make it possible to exclude exogenous trauma.     

Diagnostic dilemma of sudden deaths due to acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis

Sudden death due to acute pancreatitis has been rarely determined. A review of 3305 autopsies performed between 1991 and 2001 at the Council of Forensic Medicine found 12 cases (0.36%) with sudden death due to acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis without symptoms. A history of chronic alcohol ingestion was obtained from family in four cases (33%), and no stones were found in the bile ducts or in the gall bladders. During the autopsies, hemorrhage and edema were localized on the head of the pancreas in three cases and the whole pancreas in nine cases. The most common extrapancreatic pathology was found in the lung including pulmonary edema, alveolar hemorrhage, pleural effusion, and pulmonary congestion. There was no correlation between pulmonary and pancreatic damage. It is suggested that the forensic pathologists who are dealing with sudden unexpected death must not ignore the examination of pancreatic and extrapancreatic regions to avoid missing acute pancreatitis.