论气候政治博弈的实质

随着国际社会对气候问题的日益关注,气候谈判已经演变成了气候政治博弈。从表面上看,气候政治博弈主要是围绕碳减排问题、资金技术问题而展开,实质上,其背后隐藏地是政治话语权之争、经济主导权之争和伦理价值取向之争。政治话语权的博弈表现为:欧盟要争当话语权领导者、美国要收复话语权失地、发展中国家要谋求话语权;经济主导权的博弈表现为:发达国家与发展中国家之间的经济利益之争、欧盟与美国之间的经济主导权之争;伦理价值取向的博弈表现为:发达国家坚守目的论伦理价值取向,而发展中国家坚守义务论伦理价值取向。只有把握了气候政治博弈的实质,才能真正找到突破气候谈判困境的路径。     

博弈伦理及其意义

博弈伦理包括两个含义 ,一是狭义博弈伦理 ,二是广义博弈伦理。博弈伦理与诸如经济伦理、生态伦理、世界伦理等等伦理体系之间的关系 ,其共同点在于以公共理性为前提 ,其不同点在于博弈伦理通过引进行为科学的实验模型和数量分析方法 ,因而为确立科学的伦理学奠定了基础。     

区域生态文明共享的伦理原则

发展伦理是区域生态文明建设的价值指导和内在动力,区域生态文明共享是区域发展过程中生态文明建设的新模式。发展伦理视域下区域生态文明共享作为一个伦理价值追求与利益博弈的过程,必须遵循人本原则、包容性原则、公平合理原则、适度原则、互利共生原则、可持续发展原则等伦理原则。     

现代化转型与在地化实践：乡村振兴背景下农村社会工作价值与伦理建设论析

现代化转型中的农村社会发展历史性与现代性并存，社会问题的出现和解决处于新、旧乡土伦理秩序的更迭之中，农村社会工作被赋予新的时代内涵与历史任务。农村社会工作者作为专业力量参与乡村振兴需要对专业价值理念进行在地转化，以解决服务中不确定性情境与信任嵌入两难、多元角色期待与专业身份实现难题、地方性知识背景与文化解读错位、服务边界模糊与个体时空挤压的价值与伦理困境。乡村振兴背景下农村社会工作价值与伦理建设主要包括与地方性知识的在地对接、本土化服务的在地调试以及地方主体性培育和共同体建构四个面向。以地方性知识和本土化服务在农村社会伦理体系中寻求文化契合，主体性培育和共同体建构更新了农村社会工作价值伦理对个体能力肯定、对集体主义观念认可的内涵，在现代化转型中共同推动农村社会工作价值与伦理的在地化发展。     

中国传统公共生活伦理思想及其现代启示

中国传统社会家国一体、忠孝相通和整体主义的特征,造成了公共生活伦理的"家庭化"、"专制化"、"工具化"。中国传统公共生活伦理的现代转化实质上是一个批判与继承的问题。要实现传统公共生活伦理的现代转化,必须历史主义地对待、科学地扬弃、与现实生活对接。中国传统公共生活伦理思想是现代公共生活伦理建设的宝贵资源,具有重要的现实价值。     

博爱还是仁爱:伦理价值的文化审视与文化自觉

伦理价值一直是社会工作的重要研究课题,但国内对该主题的研究却非常匮乏。近年来随着我国社会工作职业化和专业化步骤的加快,如何在与西方伦理价值的对话中挖掘和呈现中国文化精神资源已成为建构中国本土社会工作发展模式的瓶颈。通过分析以基督教的博爱精神为基础的西方社会工作伦理价值的文化基础及其不足发现:西方社会工作伦理价值以启蒙运动的普世化伦理价值为依据,相信抽象化的人的理性的假设,这必然导致与现实不可调和的冲突。社会建构主义、女性主义以及文化视角分别从人际和社会处境的横向维度以及文化历史的纵向维度修补社会工作伦理价值基础,把人的理性放回到日常生活中。儒家文化则在日常生活中发展出自我超越的维度,把人视为嵌于日常生活的伦理关系中并且有不断超越自身局限的能力,能够通过日常生活中的生命实践体察不断"上达"的仁爱伦理价值,实现"天人合一"的理想境界,修补西方社会工作伦理价值中的个人与社会、事实与价值的二元分割。本研究的结论将有利于中国社会工作者在本土的实践中发掘中国文化的精神资源,提升文化自觉。     

论制度伦理的功能与局限

制度伦理是存在于社会基本结构和基本制度中的伦理要求与实现伦理道德的一系列制度化的安排。制度伦理具有制度伦理化和伦理制度化的双重含义。制度伦理具有规范、评价、调节、整合的功能,同时也具有作用范围、价值诉求、实现方式上的局限性。然而,制度伦理是我国在社会转型时期的道德诉求,制度伦理追求的是制度的伦理化与伦理的制度化的有机统一;追求的是制度的他律与道德的自律的有机统一;追求的是公共性与个体性的有机统一;追求的是制度伦理应然的目的性与实然的手段性的统一。尽管制度伦理具有相对的局限性,但它仍然是我国现阶段行政伦理建设不可或缺的、重要的内容之一。     

行政问责的困境及其伦理超越

行政问责实践的困境主要有谁来问责、问谁之责和何种问责等。谁来问责困境表现为自上问下与自下问上的矛盾和同体为主与异体为主的冲突,问谁之责困境主要是直接责任(人)与间接责任(人)的躲猫猫和领导责任(者)以组织责任为护身符,何种问责困境主要体现为法理问责与情理问责的纠结和公开问责与秘密查处的博弈。其间分别蕴含了行政价值迷失、德性伦理欠缺和制度伦理缺位的深层原因。文章认为,可从公民伦理的培育,德性伦理的培养和制度伦理建设等方面超越问责困境。     

解决伦理—经济关系现实难题的基本出路

由于经济与伦理代表人类的两种不同的价值追求,虽然从根本上说两者“必须”也“应该”一致,但矛盾往往比一致更为现实。任何时代的经济和伦理,在文化的最深层次都存在着一定的价值矛盾,它们构成内蕴于一定经济形式中的价值难题。因此,必须介入道德力量实现组织成员世界观、人生观和价值观的一致,进而实现机体组织目标一致,达到完善社会主义市场经济的目的。     

论政治妥协的伦理根基

政治妥协是民主政体内解决社会冲突的常态形式，它与民主政治在本质上具有内在的相容性。虽然政治妥协在理论和实践上存在着相对性和消极性局限，但它不仅在实现个体权利、民主、自由和和谐社会的构建等方面具有一线伦理价值，而且以决断搁置、把握中道等分识调控艺术，契合了二线伦理价值。对政治妥协伦理精神的诠释，为在实践中更好地运用政治妥协策略以实现和谐政治的目标提供了合法性基础。     

Sexual Assault within Intimate Partner Violence: Impact on Helpseeking in a National Sample

Within intimate partner violence (IPV), sexual assault is often subsumed under the heading of physical abuse, but evidence suggests qualitative differences in outcomes when both types of abuse occur. This study explores the cumulative effect of sexual assault and physical abuse by a current or former intimate partner on helpseeking. Using a dataset of 1,072 IPV victims from 8 states, we found that women who had experienced sexual assault in addition to physical abuse (44%) used more help, but were also more likely to say that they did not seek help when they needed it. Among those who were aware of services, fear was the greatest obstacle to reaching out for help. Implications include the need for information on best practices in addressing the sequelae of both physical and sexual assault in victim service agencies.     

“三个代表”——党的性质和宗旨的集中体现

中国共产党的十六大党章,以新的角度,新的视觉提出了"三个代表",规定了党的性质和宗旨,"三个代表"是对中国共产党作为革命党的历史实践和作为执政党的现实性的高度概括和科学总结.中国共产党的诞生和八十年的历史,充分证明了中国共产党的"三个代表"的真实性和忠实性."三个代表"最伟大的现实性,就在于要从新的角度,辩证地形成了一个科学的完整的党建体系,从而解决了作为执政党如何建党的重要课题."三个代表"是中国共产党性质和宗旨的集中体现.     

The neo‐authoritarian dilemma and the labor force: Control and bankruptcy vs freedom and instability

Neo‐authoritarian leaders confront one of their greatest dilemmas when attempting to decide what to do about China's non‐agricultural labor force. Should leaders continue to maintain short‐term order and stability by providing comparatively comfortable employment and benefits to a state‐sponsored workforce, even as two‐thirds of all state enterprises are experiencing financial difficulties and central government deficits are rising? Or should they permit the development of a free market for labor, even though the full implications of a free market — hundreds of millions of surplus rural laborers flooding the cities, tens of millions of surplus urban laborers laid off — are so destabilizing that they are difficult to contemplate? This article discusses the extent to which a neo‐authoritarian program to reform the labor market has succeeded in practice, and it assesses the destabilizing effects of the program. Specifically, it outlines the goals of neo‐authoritarians as they struggle to reform the labor market; the daunting problems that they confront in this struggle; and their limited successes to date. Despite some successful reforms, the article concludes that ‘the neo‐authoritarian dilemma’ with respect to the labor force — stability vs economic modernization — has not been solved.     

证实主义与科学真理

科学理论作为对客观实在的描述和反映,包含有不依人的意志为转移的客观真理,但同时也渗透着与客观实在不符合的成分.证实主义把科学问题和证实问题联系起来,其方法具有开拓视野的作用.证实主义最大的困难和错误是把证实当作一个逻辑问题来处理.实践上,科学的普遍性问题的证实仅靠一些个别事实的列举是不能做到的,其中演绎法是不可或缺的.     

Clarifying Consent: Primary Prevention of Sexual Assault on a College Campus

Although more universities are developing policies for students regarding consent for sexual behavior in response to the problem of sexual violence on campus, many students seem either unaware of these policies or what they mean for actual behavior. Policies are only as effective as peoples' understanding and use of them. The current study aimed to evaluate the utility of a prevention education program focused on teaching students about consent. Two hundred and twenty undergraduates, composing a control group, a shorter treatment group, and a longer one, participated in the study. The findings showed the greatest knowledge gain for participants in the longer treatment group that included a discussion of the policy and participation in an activity dealing with its implications. Implications and future research directions are discussed.     

对当代教育目的的哲学思考

教育目的最终还是还原于对人本质的思考。从本质上说 ,人是创造者 ,是教育的主体 ,人的最大自由与解放是当代教育的终极目标。     

学习型领袖--毛泽东

毛泽东是近现代中国最伟大的革命家,同时也是一位知识渊博的大学问家.他终生畅游在知识的海洋里,直到心脏停止跳动.他的学习精神可圈可点,永远值得我们发扬光大.     

Assessing the Impact of Harassment by Peers: Incident Characteristics and Outcomes in a National Sample of Youth

Although there are widely held assumptions about the characteristics of peer bullying that are of greatest concern, very few studies have empirically assessed which characteristics most affect its impact. The current research addresses this gap by using a nationally representative U.S. sample of youth ages 10–20 to examine the relative effects of a variety of potentially aggravating incident characteristics on emotional, physical health, and school-related outcomes. Findings show support for power imbalance and duration (a stronger predictor than repetition) as incident characteristics that exacerbate the negative impact of peer harassment. However, several other incident characteristics have substantial effects with or without the presence of these qualities. Injury, sexual content, involvement of multiple perpetrators, and hate/bias components of peer harassment incidents each increased at least one negative outcome. Findings point to several features of peer harassment that can provide a basis for prioritizing victimization experiences in greatest need of intervention efforts.     

公安高校实验室投资项目管理及效益评价

根据当前公安高校对实验室投资的特点,要确保对实验室投资的合理使用,产生最大效益,应对投资项目进行科学计划编制与决策、加强对项目设备采购的监督控制、实行项目合格验收、实施效益评价。     

翻转课堂教学模式的优势与应用挑战

随着课堂教学模式类型的日新月异、丰富新颖,适合学生与教师课堂学习和教学的课堂教学模式层出不群,翻转课堂教学模式应运而生。对翻转课堂教学模式的优势与应用挑战进行探讨很有必要。