论毒品治安违法行为的认定

毒品治安违法行为的认定必须基于严格秩序罚的行政目的,而不能过多地拘泥于要件分析。毒品治安违法行为和毒品犯罪行为在法律规范语言中的关联性恰恰能为毒品治安违法行为的类型化提供某种标准,据此,毒品治安违法行为的具体认定是建立在有数量型、独立型和竞合型之分基础之上的。     

铁路站车人体藏毒犯罪的特点及定性

随着毒品市场的不断扩大,毒品犯罪手段的不断升级,人体藏毒犯罪成为铁路毒品犯罪的主要形式之一.人体藏毒有体表藏毒和体内藏毒两种基本形式.铁路人体藏毒犯罪具有携毒人员结构复杂、犯罪组织更加集团化和规模化、毒品运输每年有阶段性高潮、贩毒组织选择站车以及毒品流向相对固定、人体藏毒犯罪隐蔽性高、查获难度大等特点.但目前我国相关法律法规对此类毒品犯罪案件却没有明确规定具体的认定标准和衡量尺度,这使得实务部门在认定此类犯罪上很难把握.为此,根据司法运作的实际情况,对铁路站车人体藏毒犯罪的罪与非罪、非法持有毒品罪与运输毒品罪、运输毒品罪的既遂与未遂、运输毒品罪的共同犯罪认定等问题进行探讨,以便更有力地打击铁路站车毒品犯罪活动.     

网络有偿删帖行为刑法定性的困境与出路

网络有偿删帖是一种涉嫌犯罪的新现象。《关于办理利用信息网络实施诽谤等刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》将情节严重的网络有偿删帖行为认定为非法经营罪。由于刑法第225条对网络有偿删帖行为非法经营罪认定的"违反国家规定"援引依据的合法性的缺失,加之司法适用对网络有偿删帖行为犯罪主体要件、主观构成要件不加区分,导致司法实践在刑法定性上乱象丛生。司法实践中也难以解决非法经营罪、破坏计算机信息系统罪及其他罪名间的竞合问题。为此,应取消《关于办理利用信息网络实施诽谤等刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第7条部分条款,根据犯罪主体要件、主观要件的不同,重新认定网络有偿删帖行为。     

非法持有枪支罪的主观故意认定

天津赵春华案件发生到二审审判,直到现在,大多数人似乎都只是看见法院审判的不公正,枪支认定标准的不符合社会认识,甚至行政规章和刑法以及立法法的冲突。但是回归本质,我们认定该罪必须是具有主观故意,但是很可惜的是案件发生这几个月来,基本上理论界、实务界都没有解释对非法枪支罪的主观故意的认定。非法持有枪支罪本身行为人主观上必须是故意,我们应把视野从觉得大妈的冤屈和社会的无奈,在司法实践中禁止严格的前提下,转向非法持有枪支的故意认定,才是认定该罪的最直接依据。     

论共同侵权行为的认定

共同侵权是一个古老的民法制度,早在罗马法的《法学阶梯》中记载:"二人设计错误,致使某根横梁倒下而伤及他人,二人应共同负责。"共同侵权行为的构成要件及认定是民法上一个疑难问题,"共同"是指什么?仅指对客观方面的认定还是主观方面,还是均有包括,"共同"是指"共同故意"还是"共同过失",除此"共同"之外,还需满足其他哪些条件来认定共同侵权行为呢?就目前中国的法律体制及《侵权责任法》相关规定,浅析共同侵权行为的认定。     

徇私枉法罪疑难问题探析

徇私枉法罪主体“司法工作人员”的界定应采职责说。“徇私”、“徇情”动机是主观方面构成要件,不包含徇单位、集体之私。利用职务便利是隐含的构成要件。在该罪的三种枉法行为方式中,“明知”是指有确定性的认识,但不一定要有实质性的认识;“有罪的人”的认定应采涉嫌犯罪说,“有罪的人”之外,皆为“无罪的人”;故意轻追诉可以纳入枉法行为范畴,但故意重追诉因不能为徇私枉法行为方式的最大可能含义所覆盖．故按照现行刑法规定．不能构成徇私枉法罪。     

公司集资类犯罪中的共同犯罪问题研究

以公司为主体实施的集资类犯罪的客观行为一般比较复杂,存在多人共同实施、多环节分担实施的现象,司法实践中存在两个方面的问题：一是主观方面从证据上难以证明部分员工对公司的集资犯罪存在直接故意,其犯罪主观故意难以认定;二是公司员工之间的分工比较明确,个别员工实施的行为从外观来看,几乎与公司所从事的集资犯罪没有明显的关联,其共同犯罪行为也难以认定.但他们的行为却对公司的集资犯罪具有促成和加工作用,具有严重的社会危害性.解决这两个问题的理论出路在于,主观上可以引进间接故意理论来解决部分行为人的主观故意的认定,客观上采取“同心一体说”来解决其共同犯罪行为的认定.     

非法种植毒品原植物罪之客观方面构成要件研究

作为毒品犯罪的主要源头,非法种植毒品原植物必须得到有效控制。非法种植毒品原植物罪在客观方面构成要件上存在诸多争议,法律又未对其进行明确的规定,给司法实践中如何认定本罪造成了困难。拟对本罪所包含的三种行为进行分析以对本罪之客观方面有一个更清晰的认识。     

浅谈间接故意与过于自信的过失

在刑法学上,间接故意与过于自信的过失较相似,但对二者的区分分真直接影响到实践中的定罪刑。本文从两个案例入手,引出犯罪构成要件,接着较详细地阐述了间接故意与过于自信的过失之间的区别以及在实践中对这二者的认定。     

浅析目前环境污染犯罪认定存在的问题及对策

本文认为目前我国在对重大环境污染事故罪的认定上存在的问题是,对于行为人危害行为和危害结果持不同的心理态度情况时无法认定其行为和在客观结果危害程度上如何认定的弊端.那么认定环境污染犯罪的主观方面是根据危害行为还是危害结果.笔者认为这一问题应该从犯罪构成要件的主观方面、客观方面以及二者的有机结合等方面进行综合认定,这样才能较为科学认定现实生活中的重大环境污染事故罪.     

变造货币罪比较研究

尽管各国刑法大多在妨害货币犯罪中对变造货币行为予以规定 ,但是立法模式却各不相同。对其客观要件 ,中外刑法理论均认为是没有货币发行权的人 ,对于真实的货币进行加工 ,使其价值改变的行为 ,但我国尚有“数额较大”之标准。对其主观要件 ,中外刑法均认为只能由故意构成 ,但对本罪是否为目的犯则有不同的看法。此外 ,中外刑法理论对本罪的既遂与未遂标准等 ,亦有不同的划分。     

Is Investor Purchasing of Foreclosures Related to Neighborhood Crime? Evidence From a Phoenix Suburb

Little is known about how investors purchasing foreclosures during the recent U.S. housing crisis are affecting neighborhood crime. While they may decrease crime by reducing vacancies or bettering neighborhood conditions, they may increase it by escalating neighborhood turnover. Combining local police department data on calls for service with foreclosure, home sales, and sociodemographic data, this research uses longitudinal modeling to assess the relation between the purchasing of foreclosures by investors and calls for service in neighborhoods in Chandler, Arizona, a Phoenix suburb where investors are renting former foreclosures. Neighborhoods where foreclosures were more often purchased by investors had more calls for service about violent crime the following year.     

ASEAN and the securitization of transnational crime in Southeast Asia

This article studies the securitization of transnational crime by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) since 1996–97. It first introduces transnational crime as a criminal matter before positioning it within the international security debate through an elaboration of the Copenhagen School and its securitization theory. It then examines whether transnational crime has been articulated in security terms in the ASEAN rhetoric. The article demonstrates that the member states have made statements in which they make claims about security in the context of crime. Yet, there is little evidence that this has encouraged regional policy-makers to adopt common security responses. ASEAN has failed to implement joint actions due to domestic circumstances but also because of its own consensus model and resistance to institutional reforms. Finally, the article suggests that the problem of transnational crime could be dealt with more effectively if it was approached primarily as a criminal matter rather than as a security issue.     

论恐怖主义犯罪

恐怖主义犯罪是全人类文明社会的共同敌人。面对恐怖主义的全球危害 ,如何科学而全面地认识恐怖主义犯罪 ,探索其发生发展的规律 ,寻求更加有效地防范与打击恐怖主义犯罪的对策 ,是理论界一个重要的研究课题。本文在界定恐怖主义犯罪的基础上 ,对恐怖主义犯罪的特征进行概括 ,对恐怖主义犯罪原因进行了分析 ,进而提出了反恐怖主义犯罪的对策。     

Cross-city evidence on the relationship between immigration and crime

Public concerns about the costs of immigration and crime are high, and sometimes overlapping. This article investigates the relationship between immigration into a metropolitan area and that area's crime rate during the 1980s. Using data from the Uniform Crime Reports and the Current Population Surveys, we find, in the cross section, that cities with high crime rates tend to have large numbers of immigrants. However, controlling for the demographic characteristics of the cities, recent immigrants appear to have no effect on crime rates. In explaining changes in a city's crime rate over time, the flow of immigrants again has no effect, whether or not we control for other city-level characteristics. In a secondary analysis of individual data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), we find that youth born abroad are statistically significantly less likely than native-born youth to be criminally active.     

Crime,New housing,and housing incivilities in a first‐ring suburb: Multilevel relationships across time

Abstract

Concepts deriving from criminology, housing policy, and environmental psychology are integrated to test two ways that housing conditions could relate to crime in a declining first‐ring suburb of Salt Lake City. For existing housing, we use a model to test whether housing incivilities, such as litter and unkempt lawns, are associated with later crime. For new housing, we test whether a new subdivision on a former brownfield creates spillover reductions in nearby crime and incivilities.

Police‐reported crime rates were highest for residences near the brownfield and lowest for those farther away. After the subdivision was constructed, this linear decline disappeared, reflecting less crime adjacent to the new subdivision, but also more crime farther away. A multilevel analysis shows that incivilities, particularly litter and unkempt lawns on the block, predict unexpected increases in crime. Both brownfield redevelopment and reductions in incivilities may be important ways to improve declining suburban areas.     

论我国刑种结构设置的调整——从行政犯罪角度展开的思考

行政犯罪已经发展成为我国当前的一种重要犯罪形态。而我国现行刑罚结构与刑种设置更加契合传统刑事犯罪的特质，因此，以提高刑罚实效为目标，以处遇行政犯罪为突破口，有针对性地对现行刑种设置进行适当调整是本文主要的论证主旨。     

污染环境罪主观方面评析

《刑法修正案（八）》对重大环境污染事故罪进行了重大修改,罪名也变为污染环境罪.一般认为,修改前的重大环境污染事故罪是过失犯罪,但对于修改后的污染环境罪是故意还是过失犯罪,理论上颇有争议,存有过失说、双重罪过形式说及故意说等观点.但过失说及双重罪过形式说均不能正确反映本罪修改的实质意义,不利于正确认定污染环境罪,不利于有效打击污染环境的行为,因而不足取.无论从文理的角度,还是从论理的角度,污染环境罪都应当是故意犯罪.将污染环境罪解释为故意犯罪,有利于惩治污染环境的犯罪行为.