关于个体恐怖犯罪的界定——以48起典型案例为切入点

随着我国转型期社会矛盾的加剧,近年来个体恐怖犯罪数量呈上升趋势,但直到目前我国还没有将个体恐怖犯罪列为单独罪名,并缺乏对这一犯罪的界定,这导致该犯罪缺乏明确的法律规制.以制造社会恐怖为目的,是个体恐怖犯罪的本质.其成立要件包括:犯罪主体方面,犯罪人具有相对剥夺感,并将被剥夺感归结为他人或者社会,犯罪人通过自身努力难以改变不平衡心态；犯罪动机方面,犯罪人出于不平衡心态、报复社会或者基于其他缘由而实施恐怖活动；犯罪对象方面,其侵害的对象无特定目标,针对的是整个社会,具有不加选择、滥杀无辜的特点；犯罪手段方面,具有手段的残忍性.     

试论公交纵火犯罪的情境预防

近年来,公交纵火等恐怖性袭击活动高发,对社会稳定造成严重威胁。公交纵火犯罪具有犯罪主体的失意性、犯罪对象的随意性、犯罪行为的暴力性和公交系统的不可控性等特点,其发生具有犯罪主体、社会环境和传媒方面的原因。通过导入情境预防这种犯罪预防模式并恰当地加以运用,改造犯罪可能发生的具体情境,从而消除犯罪机会和条件,加大犯罪行为的困难度和风险性,有望有效减少公交纵火案件的发生,达到犯罪预防的目的。     

对中外劫机犯罪的分析与认识

本文分别分析了国际劫机和我国劫机的基本特点,以量化的方式指出了中外劫持飞机所呈现的不同特点和基本规律,提出了防范和打击劫持民航飞机恐怖犯罪的诸如法律制度、国际合作、科学技术、情报网络等一系列基本手段和措施。     

国际恐怖主义犯罪之刑法应对——以恐怖主义犯罪之“非政治化”处理为切入点

作为严重危害国际社会的罪行,国际恐怖主义犯罪一直是国际社会关注的焦点。但是国际恐怖主义犯罪目前在各国之间未能达成统一权威的定义,与政治犯的定义无法明确的情况类似。尽管现今国际社会都在采取国际恐怖主义犯罪＂非政治化＂的处理措施,以区别于政治犯的处理,但是无疑缺乏一个相应的规范性标准。     

论惩治国际恐怖主义犯罪的基本问题

恐怖主义行为滋生于 2 0世纪初叶 ,一些组织或个人基于各种各样的动机或目的不断实施危害人类的行为 ,如劫持航空器、劫持人质等。这些行为在国际社会层出不穷 ,愈演愈烈 ,逐渐发展成具有组织性、有针对性 ,甚至带有某种政治色彩的国际性恐怖主义罪行。如何有效地惩治这种新型国际性犯罪已经成为国际社会关注的热点问题 ,有关惩治国际恐怖主义犯罪的理论与实践也是各国刑事法学界重视的研究课题。结合现代国际法和国际刑法的相关理论 ,本文重点就恐怖主义犯罪的概况、性质及惩治与防范策略加以研究 ,以期促进对此问题的深入探讨。     

论国际环境犯罪与国家刑事责任的承担

国际环境犯罪已经成为影响国际环境秩序的一大破坏因素,并逐步受到国际社会的广泛关注,但对于国家能否成为国际环境犯罪的主体这一论点,国际社会尚未达成统一见解,使得对国际环境犯罪的惩治行动搁置不前。笔者通过对惩治国际环境犯罪的立法现状进行探析,试图从理论的角度对国家成为国际环境犯罪主体的必要性与可行性进行论证,并探析国家应当承担的责任形式,以期对国际环境的保护尽一份绵薄之力。     

全球化视野下的跨国有组织犯罪问题研究

随着经济全球化的深入,跨国有组织犯罪亦日趋严重,对国际社会构成了巨大的威胁。通过分析全球化对跨国有组织犯罪的影响,总结此类犯罪的特征,进而采用国内国际两种防控手段,有效预防和控制此类犯罪。     

未成年人恐怖犯罪的特点和成因探析

当前,恐怖主义犯罪主体的年轻化和低龄化趋势越发明显,这不仅严重影响到了未成年人的权利保护,而且还对国家的反恐法律政策和防范治理机制提出了新的问题和挑战。与成年人相比,未成年人在恐怖犯罪过程中呈现出了不同的表征和特点,其中最为显著的就是犯罪参与的附随性、犯罪方式的隐蔽性、犯罪行为的极端性和袭击手段的自杀性。未成年人恐怖犯罪的出现,与儿童、青少年的身心发育特征、暴力文化环境、挫败—攻击心理、文化教育缺失和恐怖组织的蛊惑拉拢等因素密不可分。     

我国反恐怖体系建设现状分析与战略构想

构建国家反恐怖体系是预防和处置恐怖事件特别是重特大恐怖事件的必然要求,也是国家参与国际反恐怖合作、加强反恐怖斗争的必然选择.成功举办北京奥运会以来,我国已初步建立起反恐怖体系,但在防范机制、指挥协调机制、法律法规建设等方面尚存不足.面临东突、"藏独"、"法轮功"极端分子、个体恐怖犯罪等恐怖威胁,我国建立健全反恐怖体系的途径包括:确立国家反恐怖战略观,加强反恐怖组织体制建设、反恐怖法律法规建设、反恐怖参与机制建设、反恐怖保障机制建设、反恐怖科技支撑建设、反恐怖信息机制建设和反恐怖国际合作机制建设.     

惩治海盗犯罪视阈下普遍管辖原则的功能性缺失

海盗罪是任何国家都可以依据普遍管辖原则予以起诉的典型犯罪,而且是普遍管辖至关重要的起点,是最早适用普遍管辖的犯罪。目前,国际社会的反海盗行动正在亚丁湾海域如火如荼的展开,但鲜有国家愿意充当＂国际警察＂的角色,大多数被拿捕的海盗犯罪都未能移交司法机关审理进行严惩,这一问题暴露出国际刑法领域下针对海盗犯罪的普遍管辖原则的功能性缺失。     

All Glory is Fleeting: Sigint and the Fight Against International Terrorism

This article discusses the important role that Signals Intelligence (Sigint) has played, and continues to play, in the war against international terrorism. It sets out what is known or can be authoritatively established about the role that Sigint played in the events leading up to the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, especially the performance of America's Sigint organization, the National Security Agency (NSA). The article also analyzes what the potential future role of Sigint may be in the war on terrorism given the ever changing nature of terrorist operations, the growing number of technological impediments to effective Sigint collection against terrorist targets, and shifting geostrategic considerations on the part of the nations engaged in the fight against the international terrorists.     

Terrorist attacks and Europeans’ attitudes towards immigrants: An experimental approach

Over the past several years an increasing number of terrorist attacks committed in the name of Islam and targeting civilians have taken place in many Western democracies, calling for more research on the impact of these exogenous events on citizens’ attitudes towards immigrants. Using a quasi-experimental design, this study examines the short-term effect of the Paris attacks of the night of 13 November 2015 on the attitudes towards European Union (EU) and non-EU immigrants across 28 EU countries. Employing Eurobarometer 84.3 survey data collected in 28 European countries between 7 and 17 November 2015, the design allows the testing of individual attitudes before and after the Paris attacks and the spillover effects of this event in all European countries. It is found that the Paris attacks had a significant negative effect on attitudes towards immigrants, especially among educated and left-wing individuals. Moreover, the negative effect was stronger in countries where the national political-ideological climate was more positive towards immigrants. These findings are explained by theorising that first emotional reactions to the attack are the results of coping mechanisms whereby individuals are confronted with disconfirmation/confirmation of their previous beliefs: individuals who experience stronger stereotype disconfirmation are the most negatively affected by the terrorist attack. Overall, the study holds important implications for understanding the short-term impact of terrorist attacks on public attitudes towards immigrants.     

商业贿赂犯罪态势及其惩防体系构建——以江苏为例

当前,商业贿赂作为具有动态意义的新型经济犯罪活动,其触角逐步伸入社会许多行业和领域,并呈现一系列新的特点和发展趋势。从江苏地区近几年查处的情况来看,此类犯罪案件具有重点领域高发、大案要案增多;犯罪主体多变、作案手法隐秘;群体犯罪加剧、期货性质凸显;职务犯罪突出、窝案串案交织等动态特点。同时表现出发案领域拓展、行业特征明显;组织程度提高、侵害对象模糊;关联犯罪增多、社会危害更烈等发展趋势。根据当前商贿犯罪的动态特点及发展趋势,应建构教育、制度、监督并重的防治商贿犯罪长效机制,从源头上防治商腐现象的滋生蔓延。     

The Islamic State and Southeast Asia

Up to a thousand Southeast Asians have travelled to the Middle East to fight for the Islamic State. While some may return to Southeast Asia and engage in terrorist operations, the greater threat is that the Islamic State's rise in international prominence will foment homegrown extremism and terrorist activity.     

关于完善我国战时犯罪规定的若干思考

新刑法第一次明确规定了战时的定义 ,并在“军人违反职责罪”的基础上 ,修改、补充、完善了一些战时犯罪。但是实践证明 ,刑法关于战时犯罪的规定过于抽象 ,而且不十分全面 ,特别是没有将国际社会普遍承认的关于战时犯罪的有关规定纳入刑法。因此 ,本文将参考国外的有关法典及战争法的相关规定 ,结合我国的实际 ,对完善我国军事刑法 (主要是关于战时犯罪的规定 )提出一些建议。     

Punishing Genocidaires: A Deterrent Effect or Not?

More than sixty years after the seminal Nuremberg trials, different forms of transitional justice mechanisms abound around the world. Above all, the International Criminal Court started recently the hearings in its very first case. Reading the document containing the charges against Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, a militia leader accused of horrendous war crimes committed in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the question of why to punish perpetrators of atrocity crimes seems almost ludicrous. However, concerns that international prosecutions inadvertently prolong or even exacerbate conflicts do require a response. Most proponents of international criminal tribunals argue that prosecutions have a deterrent effect. This article reviews the deterrence argument, highlights its inherent complexities, and proposes a refined approach to meet both the realities of atrocity crimes and international prosecutions.

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Atrocity, Punishment, and International Law, Mark A. Drumbl

This timely book examines the practice and philosophy of punishmentfor atrocity crimes, both in international and domestic courts.It is a topic to which too little attention has been devoted,whether by the courts and tribunals that impose sentences foratrocity     

论警察涉黑犯罪的类型、成因及防范对策

警察涉黑犯罪是警察犯罪的特殊形态,其产生和发展是诸多因素共同作用的结果。警察涉黑的类型可以分为主动参与型与被动参与型两种。警察涉黑犯罪社会危害性极其严重,必须从用人机制、体制改革、消除风险、加大惩处、满足需求以及提升素质等方面创立一套完善的防范措施系统。     

Civil Society and Transitional Justice in Liberia: A Practitioner's Reflection from the Field

Liberia presents an important opportunity for civil society,national government and the international community to cooperatein rebuilding a post-conflict country in a way that addressesthe essential and elemental basis for building a just and durablepeace. In other words, the country is poised to be a potential‘success story,’ one that could set new trends inhow African people negotiate a post-conflict coexistence onthe basis of shared values, popular participation and economicand social justice. The role of civil society in particularin this process of reconstruction, and specifically issues oftransitional justice, is central to ensuring that policies havebroad input amongst the Liberian population, all of whom havebeen directly impacted by the war. This article outlines thecountry's trajectory from conflict to peace, the challengesof addressing the crimes of the past, the risks to newly establisheddemocratic institutions posed by a truncated or incomplete transitionaljustice program and the role of Liberian civil society bothbroadly in a newly democratic Liberia as well as specificallyin regards to the establishment and functioning of the Truthand Reconciliation Commission.     

Thailand's troubled politics

A bomb attack in the Thai capital, Bangkok, on 17 August 2015 – while not conclusively linked straightaway to any particular faction or terrorist group – has again focused international attention on the country's turbulent domestic politics