中西方非语言交际在跨文化交际中存在的差异——以体态语为视角

在不同文化背景的人们相互交往的过程中,人们往往只是重视语言的交际内容,却忽视了非语言交际在双方交际中具有言外之意的表达功能。只有语言交际和非语言交际相互配合才能更好地完成整个交际过程。从非语言交际中体态语的角度出发,分析和阐述不同国家间在非语言交际过程中产生的文化差异,以及如何解决跨文化非语言交际产生的误解,从而提高人们之间的跨文化交际能力。     

中西方语言交际与非语言交际中的误区及对策

随着国际间融合不断加深,跨文化的交际越发频繁,跨文化的语言交际已被广泛注重。在中西交往中,语言交际和非语言交际出现了误区,对此提出解决策略:一是诚实;二是话语适当;三是整体把握微笑语言;四是综合判断身体语言。     

略论语言交际中的语境暗示

在语言交际中,人们一般会对会话的内容和风格有一种固定的预设。它会影响听方对会话的理解。这种现象不仅表现在社会的约定上,也表现在不同传统文化的交流上。因此,在人际交往、国际合作与交流日益频繁的今天,研究语言交际中的语境暗示有现实意义,它不仅需要交际各方根据话语的一系列表面特征或标志去理解进行中的会话,而且会大大增强交际的有效性。     

跨越文化的沟壑

操着不同的语言,受着不同文化熏陶的人们,在进行交往的时候,不但要跨越语言障碍,还要跨越由于文化差异所造成的种种障碍,才能使交际得以顺利进行。否则,就会产生误解,使交际受阻。这主要是因为语言不是孤立存在的,而是深深地扎根于民族文化中,并反映本民族的价值观、信仰和民族情感。只有跨越文化沟壑,才能掌握这门语言。     

论对外汉语教学中中华文化的传播

文化是一个国家的特定标记,是一个民族的灵魂,在对外汉语教学中,第一步就是要促进语言的推行,但语言是文化的基石,没有语言,同样也就没有文化。从另一个角度看,语言深刻地反映了文化发展,同时也反映了文化的影响。因此,在进一步发展对外语教学的进程中,文化的地位越加深化也更为突出。然而在这种跨文化交际的过程中,非语言交际是交际的主体方面,必须深入了解和体会非语言交际的特点,分析其产生的一系列问题,并不断探索解决的办法。     

从语用失误角度看负迁移对跨文化交际的影响

在跨文化交际过程中,文化间的差异不可避免地会带来文化干扰,对此无论是在语言交际还是非语言交际中都需加以注意。语用学是研究语言符号与使用者之间关系的学科,其在跨文化交际研究中也起着非常重要的作用。从跨文化交际者的角度来讲,与交际失败紧密相关的是交际的行为方式和交际参与者对这些行为方式产生的理解之间的联系。而其中,负迁移是足以引起语用失败的最直接原因,包括语言层上的负迁移和文化规约层上的负迁移。在跨文化交际中,我们应该从多角度来分析文化和比较文化,破除所有的陈规以避免语用失误,使交流过程顺利进行。     

注重中西文化差异 提高学生交际能力

语言是人与人之间交流的重要工具。随着社会的发展与进步,国与国之间的交往日益增多,人们逐渐意识到语言学习的重要性,英语教育由此被摆到了重要位置上。但是,我们应当知道正是由于语言的产生和发展,人类文化才得以传承和延续。世界上不存在脱离语言的文化,也不存在脱离特定文化背景和内涵的语言。因此,要让学生学好英语,必须学习文化,必须要了解中西文化差异,才能切实提高学生英语交际能力,达到英语教学的目的。     

跨文化商务交际中商务英语信函翻译浅析

随着经济技术的发展,人们的交际越来越频繁。人类进入21世纪之后,我们就出现了"地球村"的概念。地域的界限被逐渐打破,人们频繁的交际,不同国家、不同背景、不同文化的人们聚在一起贸易,交流。这样文化交融已经成为一个不争的事实。在这些跨文化的商务交际中,英语作为应用最广泛的语言,也起着重要的作用。在商务活动中,离不开商务信函的来往。因此,商务英语信函翻译在其中也有着不可忽视的地位     

论文化融合与跨文化交际中的语言翻译

语言是文化的载体和交流的工具.文化的融合必然会反映在语言的融合上,而语言的融合又必然记录着文化融合的趋势.语言翻译,尤其是词汇翻译最能体现文化融合过程中语言融合的现象.从文化融合大环境的角度看,语言翻译不可避免地会出现一些问题,处理好这些问题对吸收异域文化和丰富本民族文化具有重要的意义.     

商务活动中的中西方文化差异

随着跨国度、跨文化之间商务交往的日益频繁,中西方因在价值观念,思维方式和文化规约等方面的不同而产生的文化习俗差异,会在实际的商务交际中产生文化"冲突"或"碰撞"现象.双方应清楚地认识到商务活动的背后是文化的交流,从而了解和分析这些"冲突"产生的原因,克服中西方的文化差异,保证中外商务活动能够顺利、成功地进行.     

Professionalization of Political Communication

Abstract

Americanization of Western European election campaigns has frequently been discussed, particularly in the media, but rarely defined. This article argues that the concept of professionalization better encompasses the process of change that can be observed in electoral communication. Professionalization is here regarded as a process by which the political actors adapt their strategies to changes in society and in the political system as well as to changes in the media system. The campaign of the German Social Democratic Party (SPD) for the 1998 Federal Election is here described as an example of professionalized electioneering.     

跨文化交际下的翻译研究

翻译是一种跨文化的交际行为,它不但是不同语言符号之间的转换,而且也是一种文化转换的模式.在翻译的过程中,译者所选取的翻译策略永远受到文化因素的制约和影响.从文化和翻译的关系入手,探讨了翻译中遇到的一些问题.     

Democratic Norms and Means of Communication: Public Sphere,Fourth Estate,Freedom of Communication

Abstract

This article assesses some major democratic norms commonly invoked in relation to means of communication or ‘media’, especially in the context of ‘media policy’. The paper argues that freedom of communication provides the most appropriate normative discourse in which to re-articulate the case for the European policy practice of ‘regulated pluralism’ outside Europe. Recent developments in Australia provide a brief case-study of this thesis.     

Communication and competition in environmental studies

College-bound students and graduate students interested in environmental studies and environmental science have hundreds of programs to choose from, and potential suitors in the academy are eager to be noticed. This article considers how purveyors of environment-related degree programs and majors use branding and other communication strategies as they compete for students and other coveted resources. Departmental and degree nomenclature is examined so as to discern how academic institutions respond to changing intellectual fashions and popular interest in environmental affairs. This analysis is aided by Harold D. Lasswell’s insights into the politics of communication.     

论乡村治理中的沟通网络

沟通网络是乡村秩序重建的重要构成要素。乡村治理中存在权力结构失衡所引致的不公正、信任关系缺失所引致的不合作、沟通渠道不畅所引致的不稳定等沟通网络问题,需要优化权力结构以推进乡村主体权能的均衡化,培育地方性共识以提高乡村主体之间的合作程度,拓宽沟通渠道以维护乡村社会的稳定。     

Changing Issue Ownership through Policy Communication

Issue ownership has been an important concept in the analysis of party competition for several decades. Traditionally, issue ownership has been regarded as a stable phenomenon where parties are advantaged by different political issues. However, several recent studies have reported change in voters’ perceptions of parties’ issue ownership. To investigate the changeability of issue ownership and how it can be altered, this article investigates the impact of parties’ communication attempts through a web-based survey in Sweden. Two major political issues are in focus: employment and healthcare. The results show that parties can indeed improve their ownership by communicating on an issue. Indications were also found that the effects decrease as other parties simultaneously communicate on the same issue, and when those who receive the messages are ideologically distant from the party. However, in several cases results are weak. Many important conditionalities therefore remain to be explored in future studies.     

政治沟通视角下的地方治理——地方政府沟通指数的测算与分析

政治沟通是政治生活的重要内容,但在治理评估研究中却长期被忽视。地方政府沟通指数将政治沟通纳入地方治理评估过程,以"平台—政府—民众"为框架构建指标体系,以全国338个地级及以上城市为研究对象,实现对各级地方政府沟通水平的测算和排名。从测算结果看,当前我国各级地方政府与民众在不同层面上开展沟通,但呈现较为明显的不均衡、不充分特点。作为衡量地方政府与民众沟通的重要指标,地方政府沟通指数不同程度地受到地理条件、人口规模、经济发展水平、政治资源配置等因素影响。通过构建和测算地方政府沟通指数,既可为我国的地方治理评估引入一个新的分析视角,也对提升地方政府沟通能力具有启示意义。     

Expertise and Bias in Political Communication Networks

Citizens minimize information costs by obtaining political guidance from others who have already assumed the costs of acquiring and processing political information. A problem occurs because ideal informants, typically characterized by the joint presence of political expertise and shared viewpoints, are frequently unavailable or rare within the groups where individuals are located. Hence, individuals must often look beyond their own group boundaries to find such informants. The problem is that obtaining information from individuals located beyond their own groups produces additional costs. Moreover, the availability of ideal informants varies across groups and settings, with the potential to produce (1) context‐dependent patterns of informant centrality, which in turn generate (2) varying levels of polarization among groups and (3) biases in favor of some groups at the expense of others. The article's analysis is based on a series of small‐group experiments, with aggregate implications addressed using a simple agent‐based model.     

古代江苏通信机制研究

江苏的邮驿、烽火及民信局是古代中国通信的有机组成部分,为古代江苏及全国政令讯息的传输,政治、经济、文化的发展,密切人们之间的联系做出了重要贡献。但古代江苏通信机制的弊端亦十分突出,因此,时代呼唤江苏大地上出现一种高效、方便、经济的新的通信方式。