突发公共事件应急管理研究中的重要科学问题

当今,各类突发公共事件已成为构建和谐社会的重要隐患,引起了社会各界的广泛关注.认为,加强突发公共事件应急管理中的科学问题研究是我国社会经济发展过程中产生的重大现实需求,对于建立和发展富有中国特色的应急管理理论以及相应的学科体系具有重要的科学意义;在此基础上,将突发公共事件应急管理中的科学问题归纳为突发公共事件应急管理体系建设战略研究、典型突发公共事件危机/灾害的机理机制研究、突发公共事件的监测预警研究、应急资源管理理论与技术研究、突发公共事件的认知与决策行为研究、突发公共事件的模拟仿真研究、突发公共事件的应急管理系统研究以及突发公共事件的后评估与重建研究,并对其研究现状和发展趋势进行了扼要的回顾和展望;最后建议国家有关部门设立重大研究计划以便加强研究力度,并就如何提炼和组织其中的科学问题提出了一些建议,可为我国开展突发公共事件应急管理中的科学问题研究提供参考.     

国外突发公共事件应急管理的经验及其借鉴

应对突发公共事件已成为我国政府公共管理的一项重要职责.必须要高度重视,谨慎对待.借鉴国外应对突发公共事件的成功经验和做法,有利于我国建立和健全新的政府应急管理体制和机制,不断提高政府处理突发公共事件的能力和水平.     

转型期北京城市突发公共事件的基本形态解析

本文在占有较为翔实的实证资料基础上,剖析了转型期北京城市突发公共事件的基本形态,希冀对北京市应急管理体系的建设提供一定的参考和借鉴。     

“碧利斯”统考应急管理

在中央的统一部署下,我国各级各地应对突发公共事件的各类应急预案已经制定,应急管理体系初步建立。在实际工作中效果如何?权威的检验靠什么?当前正值主汛期,今年气候复杂多变,雨情汛情异常,防     

现代科学技术在应急监测预警中的应用

公共安全是国家安全的重要组成部分,是经济和社会发展的重要条件,是人民安居乐业与建设和谐社会的基本保证。按照《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》的规定,突发公共事件主要分为自然灾害、事故灾难、公共卫生事件和社会安全事件四类。党中央、国务院高度重视突发事件应急管理工作,全面加强了应急预案体系、应急体制机制和法制建设,特别是以公...     

政府危机管理预防预警机制的构建与完善

面对我国已进入突发公共事件高发期的现状,同时结合政治、经济、社会发展特点,政府在危机管理机制建设上必然走强制性制度变迁的道路,而国家在建立健全危机管理机制的过程中,出现了重事前轻事后,重应急轻预防预警的现象,笔者绕开事后处置机制的热点问题研究,从危机管理预防预警机制建设的角度进行分析,并尝试提出新的机制健全对策,即:以政府为主导展开普及性突发公共事件应急教育,从预案设置入手做好社会预警机制的建设工作,建立发达的信息沟通机制为预警机制提供强健的起搏器。     

突发公共事件后慈善基金组织参与研究

无论是自然灾害或是人为危机，有重大影响的突发公共事件频频发生，直接拷问国家和政府、公众面对危机的能力。“非典”以后，我国在突发公共事件的应对和危机管理、应急机制的建立、应急法制的完善等方面取得了长足的进步。然而政府并非万能，面对突发公共事件的突发性和剧变性，如何引入更多的民间力量、尤其是慈善组织进行救灾、援助和灾后建设等，值得深入思考和研究。     

突发公共事件视域下应急财税政策探究

突发公共事件对经济社会运行秩序造成的冲击难以通过市场机制有效解决,国家出台应急财税政策防范化解突发公共事件造成的危机是政府义不容辞的职责。党的十九届五中全会也提出要"建立现代财税金融体制,加强财政资源统筹,增强国家重大战略任务财力保障"。2020年,我国运用一系列应急财税政策对冲新冠肺炎疫情影响,有效保障了疫情防控任务的高效落实和经济社会的恢复发展。探讨我国现行应急财税体制现状、问题及其优化策略,对于高效应对突发公共事件进而实现国家治理能力提升十分必要。     

浅析公共危机管理机制

近年来各种公共危机事件频发,一系列公共危机事件不仅造成社会资源的巨大损失,而且严重影响到社会的稳定与发展,危机对于社会的严重危害性已经日益引起各国政府格外重视。如何应对危机,减少损失,愈来愈成为人们所关注的话题。面对各种重大的突发事件做出及时有效的反应,也成了政府对危机的管理的首要内容。针对现阶段政府危机管理机制,简要分析了公共危机事件发生的前中后,事件的管理体系的整套运行机制。提出建立政府现代化危机管理制度,全面提升我国政府危机应对能力,保障我国的社会稳定和经济持续发展。同时对我国公共危机管理机制的建设做出展望。     

完善突发公共事件应急管理机制的对策研究

近几年我国发生了一系列影响极大的突发公共事件,引起了社会的广泛关注。如何加强和完善我国突发公共事件应急管理机制,已成为政府和民众迫切关心和思考的问题。完善突发公共事件应急管理机制的对策是:一是完善法律机制;二是建立预警机制;三是完善组织机制;四是建立资金保障机制;五是建立公共支持机制;六是完善科技机制。     

发达国家大城市危机管理中的社会参与机制

在西方发达国家大城市危机管理实践中,政府和社会、公共部门和私人部门之间的良好合作,普通公民、工商企业组织、社会中介组织在危机管理中的高度参与,已经成为一个中心的事实。本文从城市应急文化的塑造、社区应急机制、志愿者组织的应急功能和城市应急管理中的公私伙伴合作关系等几个方面,探讨了现代发达国家大城市危机管理过程中社会组织和普通公民的参与机制,试图解析西方发达国家大城市危机管理系统中的全社会型危机管理网络的具体运作机制。     

深化十大社会管理体制改革的具体构想

笔者就利益协调体制、社会保障体制、弱势群体保护体制、流动人口管理体制、民间组织管理体制、基层社会管理体制、社会服务体制、社会工作体制、社会治安体制、社会应急管理体制等十大社会管理体制下一步改革委托提出了一些具体的设想和建议。     

Corporate interests and public affairs: organised business–government relations in EU member states

The internationalisation of economic and political affairs changes the way in which business interests are brought to bear on public policy. This is a global phenomenon but can, in particular, be observed in Europe. The construction of the European Union, the development of the Single Market and the build‐up of the policy institutions to go with it, together change business–government relations profoundly. This paper answers the question of how organised business interests relate to government agencies and political institutions. By using the example of trade associations in the Netherlands and Germany, the paper shows that, despite the internationalisation of public affairs in Europe, the national political level remains strategically important for the representation of business interests. The paper thus argues that changes in European business–government relations are institutionally embedded at both the European and the national level. The implication for future research is that much of the dynamics of economic and political internationalisation materialises within the domestic arrangements of interest politics. Copyright © 2004 Henry Stewart Publications     

Corporate interests and public affairs: organised business–government relations in EU member states

The internationalisation of economic and political affairs changes the way in which business interests are brought to bear on public policy. This is a global phenomenon but can, in particular, be observed in Europe. The construction of the European Union, the development of the Single Market and the build‐up of the policy institutions to go with it, together change business–government relations profoundly. This paper answers the question of how organised business interests relate to government agencies and political institutions. By using the example of trade associations in the Netherlands and Germany, the paper shows that, despite the internationalisation of public affairs in Europe, the national political level remains strategically important for the representation of business interests. The paper thus argues that changes in European business–government relations are institutionally embedded at both the European and the national level. The implication for future research is that much of the dynamics of economic and political internationalisation materialises within the domestic arrangements of interest politics. Copyright © 2004 Henry Stewart Publications     

The Role of National Human Rights Institutions in the Implementation of the UN Guiding Principles

National human rights institutions (NHRIs) are key domestic mechanisms for promotion and protection of human rights. The institutions' broad mandate, competencies, and special status between state and nonstate actors on the one hand, and special status between the national and international levels on the other hand enable them to engage effectively in the field of business and human rights. Since 2009, NHRIs have been engaging with the international human rights system in order to increase understanding and raise awareness of their role in addressing business and human rights issues. As a result, they have contributed to the development of the UN “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework and obtained an evolving role within all pillars of the framework and in its implementation. This paper presents how these domestic institutions, bridging the national and international levels, fit into the UN legal regime for corporate responsibility for human rights and what contribution they make to the implementation of the UN Guiding Principles.     

Gaining and seeking access: The European adaptation of domestic interest associations

Abstract. The multilevel governance literature on European politics argues that supranational governing arrangements have increased their autonomy vis–à–vis national governments. As private interests increasingly bypass national levels and become active in transnational Euro–level policy networks, national governments are no longer the sole interface between supranational and national levels. In contrast, the European Union might also be conceptualised as a two–level interstate negotiation system, an approach assuming that interests are formed and aggregated at the national level. Societal interests enter the fray of European negotiations via national executives, and private interests bypassing the national level are considered as a rather marginal, even irrelevant, phenomenon. In addition, both accounts expect different outcomes regarding which sorts of private interests – diffuse or specific – seek and gain access to both domestic and European public actors. By analysing the varying network strategies of domestic private actors, in particular interest associations, this article explores some propositions held by these two approaches. After a more comprehensive outline of some hypotheses, evidence collected among public and private actors at both the domestic (Belgian) and European levels will be analysed. In general, the results suggest that Euro–level networks of domestic interests are substantially related to their structural location within the domestic realm, that network strategies tend to be quite bureaucratic and that the sort of interest represented – diffuse or specific – has a considerable effect on gaining and seeking access.     

企业-政府互动依赖关系与企业政治行为

随着现代商业体系的不断发展,企业在政治上的成功与在市场上的成功同样重要,于是企业政治行为就逐渐成为了企业战略的重要组成部分。通过对西方企业政府关系和企业政治行为的相关理论的回溯和总结,在分析企业与政府之间的互动依赖关系之上,将企业政治行为与企业战略相联系,讨论了在激烈的竞争环境下政府管制和公共政策对企业的影响,认为企业要合理地实施政治行为,可以根据自身不同的资源状态和个体独特优势状态,在个体独立策略、集体性策略和混合策略中进行平衡和选择。最后指出,我国的企业政治行为研究需要在学习借鉴西方理论的基础上,结合自身特殊的国情,从研究内容、研究方法等各个方面进一步进行拓展和创新。     

专业学会在应对突发公共卫生事件中的作用——以新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情应对为例

与一般危机事件相比,突发公共卫生事件具有突发性、高度专业性、未知性、群体性、社会性以及应对协同性等特征。在现代化治理体系中,专业学会作为突发公共卫生事件应急管理的重要补充力量,应当发挥专业优势、组织协调优势、凝聚精神等优势,在疾病的预测、健康科普、组织动员、心理干预等方面发挥积极作用。     

公共管理定式中的公益内涵：比较、辨析、界分

公共管理的范畴及属性决定了公共管理的目标在于诉求公共利益，并成为公共管理的核心价值，因而公共利益在公共管理定式中具特定的内涵。公共利益与共同利益、国家利益、社会利益在概念上有许多相似之处，然则其内涵有差异，不能同一而用。比较、辨析、界分公共管理定式中的公共利益内涵，并从法治层面厘清国家利益与社会公益之界限，防止假国家利益之名侵犯社会公共利益发生，这对转型期中国社会发展有着重要的意义。