应用VSC-5000检验识别2005版HD90假币

目的探讨VSC-5000文检仪对2005版HD90百元假币各种特征进行检验识别的方法。方法利用VSC-5000文检仪的紫外光、红外光、侧光、透光检验条件,对2005版百元真币以及HD90百元假币安全线、水印、荧光反应、制版印刷、胶印对印图案等方面进行特征比对。结果得到各检验条件下图示结果,总结出如何鉴别其真假的方法。     

当前高仿真假币特征研究

本文从印刷文件检验专业角度对当前社会上不同地区收缴的一百张百元假币进行了全面系统的检验和研究,从中得出当前假币在印刷材料、印刷方法、版面图文和防伪措施的仿制等方面的特征和变造币的种类、特征以及高仿真假币的检验方法,为打击假币犯罪提供依据。     

三维防伪自动印章简介

传统印章和现有防伪印章的致命缺陷在于其印文均为平面形式,因此,极易被用各种方法（尤其是照相制版的扫描制版方法）逼真仿造,即使采用防伪油墨,也难以起到防伪作用,因为防伪油墨的销售范围无法控制。“三维防伪自动印章”的最大特色在于使印章的印文立体化,可有效防止采用各种方法（尤其是照相制版和扫描制版方法）对印章和印文的伪造,并方便肉眼和仪器对印章真伪的识别和鉴定,因此,其设计突破了传统印章和现有防伪印章在防伪效能方面的局限（图１）。“三维防伪自动印章”的具体防伪方案是：（１）印章印模的印面（主要是印面周…     

伪钞检验与防伪技术

面积仅仅只有几平方厘米的纸币背后，隐含的却是一场伪造与防伪的长期斗争。货币伪造者为了达到其不法目的，往往绞尽脑汁对货币进行伪造或变造。为了有效阻止此类行为，并提升伪造货币的难度，各类货币防伪技术亦在不断更新换代之中。货币设计者已在货币的纸张、油墨、线条、文字、印刷等方面，普遍注入了各类现代防伪技术。因而，专业人员在鉴别货币的真伪时，就需要结合货币中所含有的各类现代防伪技术，对可疑货币进行全面、细致的检验工作。     

假钞事件该问责自己

2009年春天,公众最关心的问题之一,大概就是新近流入市场的百元假钞了.这光景,你只要稍不留神,就可能把那烫手山芋弄口袋里去.本来经济就不算景气,还得防着手里一点采买年货的钱瞬间蒸发.银行已经声明不排除HD90打头的钞票有真币,并要求市民提高防伪技能.让老百姓手拎着合格的验钞机出门购物,以便时时鉴别那高科技的乱真假币,这现实吗?尤其是国务院反假货币联席会议办公室负责人刚刚说过,目前只有少数验钞机的生产企业技术合格!这可怎么办?     

我国企业海外并购的国家安全审查风险分析

随着我国企业海外并购活动的日益增加,投资目标国以国家安全为借口的审查成为我国企业"走出去"法律障碍的情况凸显,况且我国仍缺乏完善的海外并购法律保护体系,缺乏完善的风险防范和救济机制。因此,本文拟从研究欧美发达国家对外资并购在国家安全审查方面的法律规制入手,提出了我国企业在海外并购中防范投资目标国国家安全审查风险的具体措施,以期为我国企业的海外并购铺平道路。     

反伪造证件工作应提上日程

1994年9月国际刑警组织在津巴布韦维多利亚瀑布市召开了第二届国际反伪造旅行证件会议,公安部刑侦局和外交部领事司代表我国参加了会议。会议对国际上一些犯罪集团有组织地利用先进技术伪造旅行证件及利用这些证件进行犯罪活动的情况,以及如何加强国际合作,采取防伪查验措施,打击此类犯罪活动等问题进行了研讨。近年来,一些国际犯罪集团利用先进的印刷、复印技术、大肆伪造、变造国际旅行证件,并利用假证件直接进行贩卖人口、走私汽车、军火、毒品、偷渡、非法移民,组织操纵卖淫,投放假币,信用卡诈骗,制造国际恐怖等犯罪活动。针对上述犯罪活动的特点,世界上许多国家在证件制造、防伪措施、查验技术等方面进行了开发和研究,并在技术上取得了一定的进展。主要有以下几个方面:(一)在制造证件的纸张、封     

我国企业海外并购的国家安全审查风险分析

随着我国企业海外并购活动的日益增加，投资目标国以国家安全为借口的审查成为我国企业“走出去”法律障碍的情况凸显，况且我国仍缺乏完善的海外并购法律保护体系，缺乏完善的风险防范和救济机制。因此。本文拟从研究欧美发达国家对外资并购在国家安全审查方面的法律规制入手，提出了我国企业在海外并购中防范投资目标国国家安全审查风险的具体措施，以期为我国企业的海外并购铺平道路。     

新版记者证介绍

2014年,新版新闻记者证全新亮相。新版新闻记者证,长107毫米,宽77毫米。外观设计,充分体现国家证件的严谨庄重;材质用料,完全符合采访工作的特殊需求;防伪技术,严格执行最高规格的印刷装订标准。方寸之间,7大创新设计让造假者无机可乘。创新设计1——个性化水印防伪纸张。记者证用纸采用暗藏有SAAARFT标识的水印专用纸,暗含有色荧光纤维,并埋有红色荧光安全线。创新设计2——紫外红色荧光防伪。整本记者证有三处红色标识,一是地图上首都位置的红色五角星,二是国家新闻出版广电总局印章,三是记者证核发专用章。用紫外光照射时。     

二维条码在机动车号牌防伪中的应用研究

本文分析了二维条码技术防伪的优越性,提出了使用二维条码提高机动车号牌防伪特性的技术方案.首先使用授权数字证书对号牌的生产信息、车辆信息进行数字签名,生成加密二维码,然后通过激光刻蚀工艺,将二维条码直接标记在号牌背面,最后公安交通管理机关验证二维码的合法性.实验结果表明该方案使用数字加密和自动识别技术,具有简单、可靠、成本低等优点,可以有效提高号牌防伪性能.     

Degradation of polymer banknotes through handling,and effect on fingermark visualisation

The surface structure of mint (as-issued) and handled polymer five pounds sterling banknotes was studied by atomic force microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. A total of 1856 fingermarks on mint and handled banknotes from four different issuing banks (Bank of England, Bank of Scotland, Royal Bank of Scotland and Clydesdale Bank) were visualised with Vacuum Metal Deposition (VMD), Cyanoacrylate Fuming (CAF) and, on Clydesdale Bank notes, magnetic fluorescent powder. VMD was significantly more effective in developing fingermarks on handled banknotes, across all the banks studied, although effectiveness varied with issuing bank. For example, on handled Bank of England notes 45% of marks showed ridge detail with VMD development and 28% with CAF; for Bank of Scotland handled notes success rates were 17% with VMD and 1% with CAF. Microscopy of degraded banknotes showed the loss of intaglio printing and the formation of a cracked surface structure in the handled notes. These features can lead to the trapping of powder, or contaminants, increasing quantity of development agent in fingermark background between the ridges, decreasing contrast and decreasing performance of powder-based fingermark development techniques. These same features can restrict the migration of components of the fingermark, preventing fingermarks degrading through spread of material and thus reducing potential formation of empty prints, so that VMD development is not adversely affected.     

Reconstruction of Banknote Fragments Based on Keypoint Matching Method

Banknotes may be shredded by a scrap machine, ripped up by hand, or damaged in accidents. This study proposes an image registration method for reconstruction of multiple sheets of banknotes. The proposed method first constructs different scale spaces to identify keypoints in the underlying banknote fragments. Next, the features of those keypoints are extracted to represent their local patterns around keypoints. Then, similarity is computed to find the keypoint pairs between the fragment and the reference banknote. The banknote fragments can determine the coordinate and amend the orientation. Finally, an assembly strategy is proposed to piece multiple sheets of banknote fragments together. Experimental results show that the proposed method causes, on average, a deviation of 0.12457 ± 0.12810° for each fragment while the SIFT method deviates 1.16893 ± 2.35254° on average. The proposed method not only reconstructs the banknotes but also decreases the computing cost. Furthermore, the proposed method can estimate relatively precisely the orientation of the banknote fragments to assemble.     

Factors influencing the contamination of UK banknotes with drugs of abuse

Bank of England banknotes sampled from different locations in the UK have been analysed for the presence of cocaine, diamorphine (DAM), Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). A database of the contamination detected is routinely used as a benchmark against which the contamination detected on seized banknotes can be compared. Evidence presented at court details how banknotes seized from a suspect may differ from banknotes in general circulation in terms of their contamination with controlled drugs. A question arising from such evidence is whether seized banknotes could have become contaminated through being in circulation in drug "hot spots". In order to address this issue, a Plackett-Burman experimental design was used to investigate the influence of source location and other factors on banknote contamination with drugs of abuse. Banknotes were drawn from banks in eight regions throughout the UK. Each location could be described by a unique combination of the factors under investigation, namely whether the location was rural or urban, in the North or South of the UK, and whether it was a port of entry. The socio-economic class and the proportion of drug offenders in the area and the denomination of the banknotes were also considered as potentially influential factors. Indices were calculated to describe the degree to which samples were contaminated with different drugs, and normal probability plots were used to identify the factors that could account for the contamination observed. Whilst some factors were more influential than others, it was shown that, at the 95% confidence level, none of the proposed factors were significant influences on the contamination. Cocaine contamination on banknotes has been shown to follow a log-normal distribution. It was, therefore, possible to calculate F- and t-statistics to compare the cocaine contamination on the entire sample set with that detected on a second sample set consisting of banknotes all drawn from a single bank branch. It was shown that both inter-bank samples and intra-bank samples had similar variance and similar contamination levels at the 95% confidence level. This suggests that there are no significant regional trends in the contamination of banknotes with drugs of abuse across the UK.     

Trace evidence dynamics of cocaine on banknotes: A comparison study of paper and polymer banknotes

It is well established that a large proportion of paper banknotes in circulation contain traces of cocaine. Being able to discriminate between the innocent transfer of illicit drug particles acquired through everyday interactions with surfaces such as banknotes, as opposed to transfer resulting from criminal activities can provide valuable intelligence that can inform an investigation. With many countries adopting polymer banknotes as legal tender, it is important to consider the transfer of cocaine from these surfaces as well as the retention of these particulates on polymer banknotes for evaluative interpretation in crime reconstruction. This comparison study assessed three contact variables (force, time, and rotation) on the transfer of cocaine particulates from paper and polymer banknotes onto a human skin proxy. The persistence of cocaine particulates was assessed through a realistic scenario which mimicked a cash transaction. Quantifiable amounts of cocaine were transferred onto the human skin proxy across all of the contacts assessed, with a greater transfer observed with contacts involving polymer banknotes and those contacts which involved rotation. Following extensive handling, cocaine persisted on both banknote types, with paper banknotes retaining larger amounts of cocaine than polymer banknotes. These findings show that cocaine can persist on both paper and polymer banknotes for extended periods of time following handling and is therefore available for transfer. This transfer then readily occurs, even when contact is brief and involves relatively small forces. A key distinction between the banknote types was that cocaine particulates are more likely to transfer from polymer banknotes due to the lower retention rate of particulates on this surface. Such insights can aid in evaluating the relevance of illicit drug particles identified on items or persons of interest in crime reconstruction approaches.     

Automated detection and classification of counterfeit banknotes using quantitative features captured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

Counterfeiting of banknotes is still a severe crime problem in many countries. One of the most significant issue for solving the crime is to classify the counterfeit types and identify the sources. Most of the current methods to classify counterfeit banknotes rely on manual examination that is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Moreover, these methods only detect surface features which can be easily imitated through advanced printing technology. In this study, an automated method based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and machine-learning algorithms was proposed to classify different types of banknotes based on the internal features. A spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) system was employed for sub-surface imaging and quantitative assessment of banknotes. A total of 29 Chinese 100-Yuan banknotes were collected, in which 4 of them were real and 25 of them were counterfeiting by three different printing processes. Each banknote was imaged 10 times in 3 distinct regions, which resulted in a dataset of 290 samples. Each sample was characterized by extracting 2 A-scan (OCT signal intensity along depth) based features and 14B-scan (cross-sectional OCT images) based features. Several machine-learning models, including logistic regression (LR), support vector machines (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and random forest (RF), were built and optimized as the classifiers that were trained using 203 samples and applied to predict 87 testing samples. The best performance was achieved by SVM classifier in which the sensitivity of 96.55% and specificity of 98.85% were obtained in discriminating between authentic and counterfeit banknotes, and the sensitivity of 94.67% and specificity of 98.22% were obtained in predicting the types of counterfeit banknotes. These classifiers were also evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study where A-scan and B-scan derived features from OCT images have been used for the detection and classification of different types of counterfeit banknotes.     

Occurrence of contamination by controlled substances in Euro banknotes from the Spanish archipelago of the Canary Islands

The social problems of drug abuse are a matter of increasing global problem. Nowadays, international agencies need fresh methods to monitor trends of the use of illicit drugs. In this sense, small amounts of drugs are transferred to banknotes and they could be detected and quantified. An analytical procedure based upon extraction with organic solvent, liquid chromatography separation, and mass spectrometric detection allowed the identification of 21 drugs and metabolites in 120 used Euro banknotes collected in the Canary Islands (Spain). Most of the banknotes analyzed showed detectable drug residues (92.5%). Cocaine was the most frequently detected drug, present in approximately 90% of the samples. In addition, 75%, 35%, and 15% of the banknotes showed residues of amphetamine derivatives, opiates, and benzodiazepines, respectively. An average of three drug residues per banknote was detected. In summary, the presence of drug residues in banknotes could be useful as tracer for drugs prevalence.     

Criminal heterarchy and its critics: governance and the making of insecurity in Colombia

ABSTRACT

The FARC, Colombia’s oldest and biggest guerrilla organisation, has long been constructed as the country’s public enemy number one, an enemy that is increasingly portrayed as an outright criminal actor who abandoned all political ambitions. This image of the FARC as a criminal threat to the Colombian state and society is central to a broader turn towards criminalisation in Colombian politics. Through the lens of a critical governance perspective and the notion of the state’s discursive selectivity this article analyses turning points during which the construction of Colombian society’s criminal enemies became a driving force in the country’s security governance. Which social forces support the implementation of criminalising forms of security governance and how? What are the social and political consequences of the latter? In answering these questions, the article argues that the war on (guerrilla) crime assumes a ‘productive’ role for Colombia’s formal democracy.     

基于综治维稳工作的公安档案情报应用

随着国家政治经济生活变革的不断发展深入,社会各层次矛盾的逐渐显现,各种群体性事件时有发生,综治维稳工作已经成为当前公安工作重要的首要的日常工作。而公安档案是各级公安部门在履行国家法律赋予职责活动中形成的真实历史记录,具有极大的凭证、情报和参谋决策作用,做好公安档案信息情报工作,有效地发挥其政策支撑、决策依据、情报预测作用,能协助各级公安部门更好地做好综治维稳工作。     

Opening Public Officials’ Coffers: A Quantitative Analysis of the Impact of Financial Disclosure Regulation on National Corruption Levels

Disclosure of income, assets and conflicts of interest can serve as powerful public accountability tools to draw attention to the abuse of public office, help prosecute corrupt offenders and create a culture of scrutiny in the public sector that deters corruption. Based on data of the World Bank’s Public Accountability Mechanisms initiative, we present the first indicator that captures a country’s financial disclosure in-law effort. By employing different panel data model specifications, we use this indicator to measure how the introduction of comprehensive financial disclosure systems impacted national corruption levels for 91 countries between 1996 and 2012. We present robust results that provide tentative evidence for a positive and significant relationship between a country’s capacity to control for corruption and the expansion of financial disclosure legislation for the years following the enactment.     

我国外资并购国家经济安全审查初探

外资并购是把双刃剑:一方面外商并购缓解了我国经济建设中遇到的资金短缺、技术和管理水平相对落后等问题,加速了中国与国际化接轨的过程;但另一方面跨国公司在中国的独资化倾向和对行业龙头“斩首行动”也引起了专家和学者对于国家经济安全的担忧.我们需要外资促进国民经济的发展,但同时我们也需要全面评估外资并购对于中国国家经济安全的影响,构建和完善维护我国经济安全的法律体系.