20世纪90年代以来中国台湾地区侵犯著作权犯罪刑事立法修改研究

在大力发展知识经济与美国等发达国家不断施压的双重背景下,20世纪90年代以来,中国台湾地区侵犯著作权犯罪刑事立法分别于1992、1993、1998、2003、2004、2006、2007年进行了修改。通过增设新罪、完善原有犯罪的构成要件以及删除一些不合时宜的犯罪等方式,中国台湾地区侵犯著作权犯罪刑事立法日益完善,并与世界范围内著作权刑事立法的趋势与特点逐渐符合。     

20世纪90年代以来中国台湾地区侵犯著作权犯罪刑事立法修改研究

在大力发展知识经济与美国等发达国家不断施压的双重背景下，20世纪90年代以来，中国台湾地区侵犯著作权犯罪刑事立法分别于1992、1993、1998、2003、2004、2006、2007年进行了修改。通过增设新罪、完善原有犯罪的构成要件以及删除一些不合时宜的犯罪等方式，中国台湾地区侵犯著作权犯罪刑事立法日益完善，并与世界范围内著作权刑事立法的趋势与特点逐渐符合。     

试析著作权侵权刑事责任的归责条件

本文通过对国内外立法例的比较 ,提出我国刑法将“以营利为目的”和“违法所得数额较大或巨大”同时规定为著作权侵权刑事责任的归责条件 ,只能体现侵犯著作权犯罪的次要客体 ,不能体现侵犯著作权犯罪的主要客体 ,偏离了设立该罪的立法目的 ,进而建议在修改刑法时删除“违法所得数额较大或巨大”的规定 ,并将“以营利为目的”规定为部分侵犯著作权犯罪的主观构成要件。     

论我国著作权犯罪的定罪和处罚及其刑法完善

诱于著作权所蕴含的丰富经济价值并随着文化市场的发展和繁荣,著作权侵权和犯罪逐渐增多,而我国刑法规定的不足和司法实践中的困惑影响了对这类犯罪的有效惩治.有鉴于此,对我国刑法规定的两种侵犯著作权犯罪的构成要件和认定及其处罚进行分析和论述,并剖析我国著作权刑事立法尤其司法实践中存在的主要问题及原因,进而提出完善建议.     

完善侵犯著作权罪立法若干建议

侵犯著作权罪是知识产权犯罪类型之一。自1997年侵犯著作权入罪以来,我国打击知识产权犯罪的力度不断加强。在实践中,司法解释在惩治侵犯著作权罪、充分发挥刑法保护著作权方面发挥着主导作用,然而保护著作权刑事方面的立法明显滞后,侵犯著作权罪需要在立法上扩大保护范围,完善罪名、罪状和刑罚设置。     

规避著作权技术措施行为刑法规制的比较与思考

规避著作权技术措施的行为应否以及如何适用刑法目前在我国存在诸多疑问。域外刑法对于直接规避行为与间接规避行为是否一概入罪有两种不同的立法模式,但在限定主观要件以及承认犯罪排除性事由方面大体做法较为一致。基于风险刑法的理念,著作权的保护时点必须适当提前,所以无论何种规避行为都有入罪的必要。但直接规避行为侵犯的法益并非传统著作权,所以必须为其设置独立罪名。而帮助性质的间接规避行为因其在网络数字化环境下发生异化,也有独立设罪的必要。结合我国实际,需要进一步从犯罪的主观要件、对象要件、数额情节要件以及犯罪的例外等方面限制犯罪的成立范围。     

浅析我国著作权刑事立法之完善

著作权作为知识产权的一种重要类型,其法律保护备受各国关注。随着我国加入WTO,必然要对包括著作权在内的知识产权的法律保护提出更高的要求。从我国侵犯著作权犯罪刑事立法的现状来看,还存在许多的缺点与不足,在预防犯罪方面还处于劣势,因而有必要通过与国外相关立法的比较来完善我国著作权犯罪的刑事立法。一、各国侵犯著作权犯罪的立法概览(一)国外著作权犯罪的立法法国现行著作权法是1992年7月1日通过的第92—597号法律,即《知识产权法典》之"文学、艺术产权"部分,     

完善侵犯著作权犯罪的立法建议

1994年7月5日，第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第八次会议通过（关于惩治侵犯著作权的犯罪的决定），首次规定了侵犯著作权方面的犯罪，具体规定了侵犯著作权罪和销售侵权复制品罪。这一规定加强了对著作权法律保护的力度，完善了著作权法的法律责任内容，同时也是对我国刑法的极其重要的补充。一、侵犯著作机罪的构成要件侵犯著作权罪是指行为人以营利为目的，利用复制、发行、出版、销售等方式非法侵犯他人著作权，违法所得数额较大或者具有其他严重情节的行为。（－）本罪侵犯的客体是复杂客体，不仅侵犯了他入依法享有的著作权及与著…     

论法国著作权法对假冒行为的严格刑事立场

依法国著作权法,侵犯著作权的违法行为被统称为假冒行为,凡是假冒行为,皆属犯罪。较新的法文原始资料显示了法国假冒行为的概念及其构成要件,揭示出法国著作权法针对假冒行为的严格刑事立场,即“具有合理性,但过于严苛”。以此为鉴,我国著作权立法在选择合适的刑事立场时至少应考虑社会背景性和经济性因素。     

论侵犯著作权犯罪之“以营利为目的”

我国刑法明确规定侵犯著作权犯罪的主观构成要件是"以营利为目的"。无论从理论还是司法实践中,这一要件都不合时宜。对于是否保留"以营利为目的",学界分成两派即"保留论"与"取消论"。然而这两派都存在不合理之处,并非侵犯著作权罪刑法规定的最佳选择,而"加重量刑情节论"则在此基础上扬长避短,可作为侵犯著作权罪刑法规定最佳选择。     

The Anarchy of Responsibility: Alterity as a Vehicle for Self-Representation (An Ethical Obligation Demanded or Owed)

This paper explores who, in the Levinasian sense, is the ethical subject. Central to Levinas’s philosophy, is the priority he accords to the ethical encounter with the other that precedes all thought for, or of, oneself. It is in the face of the other (‘alterity’) that one discerns the source of all ethics; an ethics that obliterates all competing claims based on self interest because it eschews all demands for reciprocity. The face of the other commands us to respond unconditionally and in so doing provides the opportunity for a moral existence. Is to speak as the other an inversion of Levinas’s philosophy? Is not the authentic voice of alterity one that is obsessed with the needs of the other and not of the self, the obligations that the self owes to the other and not those owed in return. I argue that to become the voice of the other is to act unethically in a Levinasian sense and thus betray her otherness, whilst recognising that she is my other and it is my response to her that matters.     

惩治外逃贪官的国际刑事司法协助解决机制探析

由于我国与外国在国际刑事司法协助方面存在诸多的问题和障碍,外逃贪官越来越多。今年5月6日,中行开平案两主犯许超凡和许国俊在美国被判刑,开创了中外合作共同打击外逃贪官的新模式。以“二许”案为切入点,探讨我国打击外逃贪官的国际刑事司法协助解决机制存在的问题及对策。     

理解他人：道德教育的哲学视域

理解他人既是发展人际关系的基本前提,也是道德教育的基本目标之一,尤其是在物质主义和个人主义盛行的社会转型期,人与人之间的疏离、冷漠、紧张甚至冲突的现象愈加严重,彰显理解他人的道德意义更加必要。笔者对理解他人的必要性;理解他人的可能性和如何理解他人三个问题进行了哲学思考,并在理解他人与自我价值的实现之间建立起内在的统一关系。     

Medicaid program; Medicaid Management Information System (MMIS) performance review; notification procedures for changes in requirements, performance standards, and reapproval conditions--HCFA. Final rule

This rule eliminates the requirement in the Medicaid regulations that HCFA meet certain Federal Register notification requirements for any changes in performance standards and other conditions for reapproval of State Medicaid Management Information Systems (MMISs), even if such Federal Register notice would not otherwise be required. An independent Federal Register publication requirement will remain in place with respect to changes in system requirements and other conditions for approval of MMISs. We believe that a revised process for notifying States and other concerned parties of changes in performance standards and other conditions of reapproval is appropriate and will facilitate the efficient issuance of revised MMIS review requirements and methodologies each year.     

试析法人作品与职务作品的区分标准

如何区别法人作品与职务作品已成为理论与实务的难点。应从作品所体现的意志加以判定,具体表现在三个方面:作品署名;作品内容;作品的性质与用途。同时,为激发作者的创作热情,保护作者的合法权益,应严格解释法人作品。     

The criminal career of men convicted of rape: evidence from a Norwegian national cohort

The extent to which sexual offenders are a group separate from other types of offenders has been debated for many years and investigated from different perspectives. The present study investigated similarities and differences regarding socio-economic background, criminal history and recidivism involving new crimes between rape offenders and three other groups: other sexual offenders, non-sexual violent offenders and other offenders. Data came from Norwegian population registers containing information on all crimes investigated from 1992 to 2012. The sample consisted of all persons convicted in 2002 and 2003 (N = 36,951). Background characteristics and estimated recidivism risk was described using hazard models. Results indicated that men convicted of rape (n = 142) had lower levels of education and that a higher percentage of them were on social benefits compared to the other crime groups. A large majority (79%) of rape-convicted men had previous convictions. Rape offenders were considerably more criminally active and diverse than the other crime groups. Prior criminal record, irrespective of type, increased the risk of recidivism in general. Controlling for other background characteristics did not alter this outcome. Treatment of convicted rapists needs to take into consideration that this offender group has much in common with violent offenders in general.     

Using Carbon,Oxygen, Strontium,and Lead Isotopes in Modern Human Teeth for Forensic Investigations: A Critical Overview Based on Data from Bulgaria

Isotopic data obtained from human remains can provide information about an individual's origin, migration, and diet. We evaluate the usefulness of carbon, oxygen, strontium, and lead isotopes for forensic investigations by comparing data from Bulgarian teeth with data from other regions. Geo‐referencing based on oxygen or strontium isotopes can be misleading due to overlap with other countries in Europe and other continents. Carbon and lead isotopes, in combination with oxygen and strontium isotopes, provide the most useful information for identification of local vs foreigner status. In particular, high‐precision Pb isotopes show a distinct “Bulgarian” range; however, it is possible that individuals from other countries in Eastern Europe and/or central to western Asia could have overlapping isotopic values. Additional high‐precision multi‐isotope data from modern humans from different regions in the world are required to transition from speculative to more quantitative estimation of a geographical place of origin for unidentified human remains.     

Patterns of physical and sexual abuse for men and women in dating relationships: A descriptive analysis

A random sample of students at a large Midwestern University was selected in order to examine whether and how physical and sexual abuse were related to each other for men and women, whether abuse in one relationship was independent of abuse in other relationships, and how victims responded to abusive incidents. The results revealed several important patterns. When comparing the frequency of physical and sexual abuse for men and women, it was found that sexual abuse was more common than physical abuse, but only for women. Additionally, women experienced more sexual abuse than men. While men and women did not experience physical abuse in other relationships at more than chance levels, women who sustained sexual abuse in one relationship were more likely to sustain sexual abuse in other relationships. Furthermore, while sustaining physical and sexual abuse were not associated with one another for men, there was a weak association for women. Finally, victims of abuse were more likely to tell their friends they had been abused than report it to criminal justice authorities.Paper presented at the 1987 American Society of Criminology Meetings.     

论权力的本质及其发展规律

本文认为 ,人类在生存和发展这个根本利益基础上 ,必然形成人与人之间的既相互依存和合作 ,又相互对立和斗争的矛盾。权力是人类社会生存和发展需要的产物 ,本质上是社会公共意志的集中体现。     

Carrying weapons to school for protection: An analysis of the 2001 school crime supplement data

This study focused on the reasons why adolescents bring guns to schools. It is argued that the etiology for carrying other weapons to school is not the same as that for carrying a gun to school for protection. Data from a nationally representative sample of school youth were analyzed with an appropriate analytic technique—multinomial logistic regression in dealing with nominal dependent variable. The results supported the hypotheses that both correlates and correlational strengths of carrying guns and other weapons to school for protection are different. Such factors as others' drug use, gangs at school, skipping school, perception, and age influence the probability of carrying other weapons to school, but are not related to carrying a gun to school. The three factors that relate to both carrying a gun and other weapons to schools are physical fights, peers' carrying guns, and gender. Their correlational strengths, however, are quite different.