论经济法的功能

经济法的功能体现着经济法的本质,捍卫着经济法在法律体系中的地位,所以经济法的功能的重要性不言而喻。本文探讨了经济法功能的涵义、目标、对实现经济法宗旨的意义;分析了经济法功能的构成,即把经济法的功能分为整合功能,分配功能,维护社会和平功能,克服信息失灵功能和利益引导功能。     

浅谈商法中诚实信用原则的功能

商法中诚实信用原则的功能分为具体功能和抽象功能。其具体功能,即诚实信用原则对商主体、商行为和商事法律的直接功能;其抽象功能,即隐藏于商法具体功能背后,指导市场交易的功能。     

环境侵权民事责任功能初探

环境侵权民事责任的功能 ,决定着环境侵权民事责任的方式 ,也关系到环境侵权行为民事责任的认定 ,以及具体功能的实现手段等基本理论问题的解决 ,因此 ,研究环境侵权民事责任之功能 ,是完善环境侵权民事责任制度的理论基础。本文认为 ,环境侵权民事责任的功能包括 :复原功能、惩罚功能、抑制功能和环境保护功能。     

走向多元：宪政时代司法的复合功能

定分止争是原始社会司法功能之核心。但进入阶级社会后,国家的出现使得司法功能逐渐朝着维护特权阶层之政权的角度发展。到了近现代社会,随着身份特权被打破,法治成为国家治理的主要方式,宪政原则被确定为司法功能的逻辑原点,司法功能在逻辑自主性支配下呈现出了多元化的趋势。宪政时代司法的多元化功能具体体现为服务功能、统治功能、保障功能、法治功能和治理功能五个方面。     

商标功能辨析

商标本身的功能是对商标提供法律保护的基本动因。因此,商标权的正当性基础只能来源于它的功能。一般认为,商标功能主要包括识别功能、品质担保功能和广告功能。在对之逐一进行辨析的基础上,认为应当将“识别功能”作为商标的唯一核心功能,并且,此种“识别”既包括“商品来源的识别”,亦包括“责任主体的识别”。     

侵权损害赔偿的功能探析

侵权损害赔偿的功能是一个关系到对侵权损害赔偿性质的认识的重要问题,同时也也涉及到侵权损害赔偿责任的认定、赔偿范围等具体领域。本文对侵权损害赔偿的功能进行了分析,认为补偿功能是侵权损害赔偿的基本功能,预防功能是侵权损害赔偿的附带功能,处罚功能是侵权损害赔偿的例外功能。     

论刑法的功能

针对长期以来学界将刑法功能仅仅定义为"刑法的积极影响与作用"的片面观点,本文提出应将刑法的功能划分为正功能、负功能与零功能三种,并详细阐析了各种功能的主要表现形式,绘制了一幅完整的刑法功能系统图;为正确而全面地评价刑法的功能,树立科学的刑法功能观、破除"刑法万能论"的迷信思想奠定了基础.     

模拟法庭教学的文化功能探究

模拟法庭教学具有普法教育和丰富校园文化等功能。但是学者只愿意关注和研究其实践功能,一直以来都忽略了其文化功能,导致了模拟法庭教学发展的瓶颈。为此,本文从高校校园文化节之模拟法庭的视角切入,通过实证分析来说明模拟法庭实践功能与文化功能是密不可分的,实践功能决定着文化功能,文化功能反过来又促进或制约着实践功能的发展。     

论管制刑的功能

作为我国五种主刑之一的管制刑,其功能具有多样性,即具有与其它主刑共有的一般功能,还具有自己的独特功能。一般功能包括对犯罪人的功能、对被害人的功能、对社会一般人的功能等,这是管制刑作为刑罚而存在的根据。特殊功能包括保持犯罪人正常社会生活的功能、对犯罪人家庭的稳定功能等,这是管制刑作为限制自由刑而独立存在的根据。     

谈外观设计中功能与装饰的关系

产品的功能确定了产品存在的目的和价值,对外观设计专利的评价不能脱离功能。只要外观上体现功能,实现功能的具体外观特征不是唯一的,则应当考虑功能性特征。本文提出讨论外观设计特征的新角度,即功能向度与装饰向度。外观设计的目的不是纯粹的装饰和美化,功能也是外观设计的重要因素,功能和装饰应是协调统一的关系。     

Best practices for structuring a family court parenting plan evaluation under the 2022 AFCC Guidelines

Evaluation appointment orders provide enforceable scaffolding for conduct of family court parenting plan evaluations, and use of the evaluator's reports, feedback, file, and testimony. Unlike a contract, a stipulated or adjudicated appointment order is directly enforceable by the family court. It unambiguously positions the evaluator as the family court's appointee – answerable directly to the court and, in some jurisdictions, protected by quasi-judicial immunity from damages claims. A well-crafted appointment order governs the roles and expectations of the court, the evaluator, the parties, the lawyers, and the collateral witnesses. An appointment order mandates the legal duties, rights, powers, and responsibilities of the professionals, the parties, and the collateral witnesses. At minimum, an appointment order articulates the legal basis for the appointment, the purpose and scope of the evaluation, compensation of evaluator, and the duty of the parties to participate in the process. A written evaluation protocol or procedures statement discloses in advance the methods of investigation and assessment that the evaluator intends to use. Together, the appointment order and written protocol help the evaluator, lawyers, parents, and judge manage the complexity of the evaluation process.     

The effects of four different solvent vapours on the restoration of obliterated stamp markings from five different wooden surfaces

The stamp markings on wooden surfaces, which are placed on trees and products including antiques, indicate the status of trees and involve identifying data regarding the products. Such markings are obliterated either to facilitate illegal logging or to conceal product information. Despite the wide literature on the restoration of obliterated characters on metal and polymer surfaces, the recovery of defaced characters on wooden surfaces appears to be understudied. Several reference texts in the forensic marks’ examination literature suggest that water, water vapor, and alkaline solutions are useful in restoring the abraded markings on the wood. Since there does not seem to be any experimental study proving such success, this study aimed to fill this gap. This study conducted experimental research by using water, ethanol, ammonia, and chloroform to recover the scraped characters on samples obtained from walnut, beech, spruce, oak, and cedar trees. The cold-stamped characters, which were defaced at varying depths, were restored using vapor and liquid phases of four solvents. While the vapor phases of water, ethanol, and ammonia yielded good outcomes on all types of wooden surfaces, the liquid phases did not seem to be useful in the revisualization process. The response of the vapors, which varied between 62 and 220 s, depended on the type of wood. The restoration technique developed in this research offers the possibility of on-site usage, easy application, utilization of low-cost solvents, rapid recovery, and effectiveness on various wooden surfaces. Overall, the restoration methodology used in this research appears to be fruitful in retrieving identifying information on wooden samples.     

The Role of Fantasy in a Serial Sexual Offender: A Brief Review of the Literature and a Case Report

Abstract: Extensive research has attempted to elucidate the role of fantasy in sexual offending. In this paper, the authors summarize the main results of the literature, especially the contents, themes, dynamics, etiopathogenesis, and potential functions of fantasy in sexual offending. Further, the authors analyze the case of a serial sexual offender who assaulted 39 women. The forensic‐psychiatric assessment revealed that his fantasies of forced sex, sexual coercion, and dominance, which were linked to narcissistic personality organization and functioning, were the primary drive mechanism in his crimes, because he imagined himself in the role of the aggressor, identified with the power associated with the role of perpetrator, and was sexually aroused by such images of omnipotent control of the victim. In conclusions, the authors suggest that fantasies of sexual aggression, coercion, and dominance of women may stimulate grandiosity and omnipotence and, in a minority of cases, may lead to sexual offending.     

南非调解仲裁委员会初探

南非调解仲裁委员会是根据1995年劳动关系法建立的主要劳动争议解决机构之一。该委员会自运行伊始,即显现出其优越性,但也暴露出许多问题,如争议提交率过高,处理迟延,委员不称职,仲裁低质量。为解决这些问题,委员会改进了争议解决程序,采取限制权利滥用措施,进行机构改革,大力培训仲裁员,并对雇主和雇员进行教育,取得了一定的效果,对我国劳动争议仲裁机构改革有一定的借鉴意义。     

挑战与回应:全球化视野下的国家主权

全球化是一个涉及到人类经济、政治、文化和社会生活诸领域的世界性历史进程。经济全球化不仅从多方面影响了主权国家的经济职能和经济主权,而且通过法律全球化对国家的法律主权构成了一定的挑战。经济全球化深刻影响到世界政治组织的构成及其活动方式和范围、对以国家为中心的、分散的主权政治架构也会产生广泛的影响。文化全球化推动了全球体系中的文化整合与文化嬗变,影响了人们的主权观念,并在一定程度上制约着人们的行为以及人们之间的关系模式,改变着国家的政治生活形式,深刻影响着国家的文化主权,对民族国家和国际社会的治理及其宪政化提供了新的机遇并带来了新的挑战。因此,为了推进全球法治进程,必须树立新的主权理念,实现主权要素的重构。     

关于加强司法救助与法律援助衔接与配合问题的思考

司法救助与法律援助虽然同为保障困难群众合法权益,确保实现社会公平、公正的司法制度,但由于两种制度实施的主体、审查程序、适用范围、条件等不同,造成两种制度在实施过程中出现不协调、不配合的情况,影响了两种制度的功能发挥。因此,必须加强两种制度的衔接与配合,包括制定统一的法律援助法,加强法院与法律援助机构的联系与沟通,强化政府责任,进一步加强法律援助工作等。     

‘Not always logical’: binational/biracial marriages in Britain, 1900–1940

ABSTRACT

This essay explores the intersection of race, religion, and nationality in marriage by concentrating on unions between Britons and ‘Arabs’ (those from North Africa and the Middle East) in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Focusing on this area, most of which was not in the British Empire, allows an analysis of the intersection between the empire and the larger world. Marriage was a nexus in the intertwined prejudices of race, empire, class, and religion. Though the British primarily blamed polygamy for any marital problems, their own gendered law of nationality was equally at fault. Indeed, the centrality of gender was clearest in three circumstances. First, many women refused to be ‘white women in peril,’ instead exercising agency in their relationships. Second, British men who moved to the Middle East, converted to Islam, and married Muslim women, became legal hybrids who struggled to pass on British nationality to their wives and children. Third, British-born women married to Middle Eastern Christians faced similar problems, despite marrying other monogamists. In the 1930s, the British government formed a committee to address these issues, but the committee failed to find solutions, in part because the members, like the British state, supported racial/national coverture for women and thus refused to consider granting women equal rights in nationality. As a result, women married to men of different races and nations remained vulnerable to desertion and divorce in the interwar period. Such issues both confirmed the importance of an imperial frame of mind, but also the fact that the dilemmas went well beyond the formal empire.     

检察机关与侦查、审判机关配合制约机制的现状分析及完善

在我国刑事诉讼制度中,检察机关与侦查机关之间主要围绕侦查分工和追诉目标形成相应的配合制约机制;检察机关与审判机关之间则围绕查清犯罪事实和管辖程序展开配合、围绕裁判和审理程序展开制约。检察机关主要通过通知立案、通知撤案、不捕、不诉、追捕、追诉、纠正违法等方式对侦查机关进行制约,侦查机关则通过对不捕、不诉决定的复议、复核等方式对检察机关进行制约;检察机关主要通过抗诉和纠正违法对审判机关进行制约,审判机关则通过无罪判决、改变指控等对检察机关进行制约。在司法实践中,检察机关还通过侦诉协作、附条件逮捕、建议撤案和地方政法委协调等方式与侦查机关和审判机关进行配合。总体而言,在检察机关与侦查、审判机关之间的配合制约体系中还存在制约范围不全面、制约手段有限、制约结构不稳定、配合机制缺乏约束力、配合范围不明确、考核评价机制不协调等问题。对此,应当分别加以解决和完善。     

小鼠死后骨骼肌、心、肝、肾、脑细胞核中DNA的变化规律

目的 研究小鼠器官细胞核中DNA降解变化与死亡时间的关系,为法医学推断死亡时间提供一种新方法.方法 应用单细胞凝胶电泳技术结合荧光显微镜和计算机图像分析技术,测定小鼠在死后72h内不同时间点骨骼肌、心、肝、肾、脑细胞核头DNA含量、尾DNA含量、头半径、尾长度、尾矩、Olive矩、头面积、尾面积8项参数的变化值.结果 在小鼠死亡72h内,彗星尾DNA含量、尾长度、尾矩、Olive矩、尾面积都呈增加趋势,头DNA舍量、头半径、头面积均呈下降趋势.计算出体现DNA降解趋势的二项式回归方程(P<0.001)和多元回归方程(P<0.0001).结论 本研究提供的各组回归方程,可为法医学推断死后经过时间提供一种新的方法.     

人权与公民权之异同

人权和公民权是两个关系非常密切的概念,它们既有相同之处,又有细微差别。它们的共同点表现为:起源相同,社会基础和制约条件相同,内容基本相同,价值取向和理论基础相同。它们的区别体现在:主体不完全相同,适用范围不同,属性不同,表达方式的差异,实施和监督机制的差异,救济途径的差异。