超高效液相色谱-MS/MS法测定血中11种苯丙胺类物质

目的应用超高效液相色谱-质谱法对全血中11种苯丙胺类毒品进行定量测定。方法全血样品经1%(v/v)甲酸-乙腈提取,采用Ostra磷脂过滤板净化处理,使用ACQUITY UPLC BEH Phenyl(100mm×2.1mm,1.7μm)色谱柱,以0.3%(v/v)甲酸溶液-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱。在多反应监测模式下测定全血样本中苯丙胺、甲基苯丙胺、二亚甲基双氧苯丙胺、替苯丙胺、3,4-亚甲基二氧基乙基苯丙胺、N-甲基-1-(3,4-亚甲二氧基苯基)-2-丁胺、副甲氧基甲基苯丙胺、麻黄碱、甲基麻黄碱、卡西酮、甲卡西酮,并进行方法学考察。结果 11种苯丙胺类物质的检出限(S/N≥3)为0.01~0.4ng/m L,在0.5~50μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r0.999);回收率在75.8%~103.4%之间,相对标准偏差在1.6%~13.0%之间。结论本文建立的超高效液相色谱-质谱法快速、简便、灵敏,适用于中毒案件检验及吸毒人员排查。     

超高效液相色谱法（UPLC）同时筛选检测吗啡等7种常见毒品

目的建立快速筛选检测中毒者血液、尿液中吗啡、甲基苯丙胺、苯丙胺、麻黄碱、3，4-亚甲基双氧甲基苯丙胺（MDMA）、3，4-亚甲基双氧苯丙胺（MDA）、氯胺酮并定量分析的方法；方法采用超高效液相色谱（UP—LC）-二极管阵列检测器（PAD）；结果峰面积和质量浓度的线性关系良好，分离效果好、速度快、灵敏度提高；结论该方法与传统的HPLC相比能够更好满足实际办案中吗啡、甲基苯丙胺、苯丙胺、麻黄碱、MDMA、MDA、氯胺酮等中毒者血液、尿液的筛选检测并定量分析。     

百草枯中毒分析检测方法的研究进展

本文介绍了最近20年来国内外有关生物检材中百草枯的提取、净化及定性定量分析检测方法的研究进展,从而为进一步研究百草枯中毒的分析检验方法提供参考。     

摇头丸有效成分分析进展

本文介绍摇头丸的有效成分-3，4-亚甲二氧基甲基安非他明的毒性、中毒症状以及近年来国内外的分析研究进展，重点介绍对其提取净化方法，气相色谱、高效液相色谱和气质联用的分析方法。     

GC/FID法分析生物检材中的三唑酮

本文通过实验研究,初步确立了以GC/FID法分析生物检材中三唑酮的方法,提取净化操作简单,回收率高,通过一起三唑酮中毒案件的检验,证明本方法适用于实际办案。     

硫化钡中毒的检验

<正> 本文通过一起误服硫化钡(Barium sul-fide)中毒的检验案例,对生物组织中钡离子的提取、分离和检验及运用分光光度法对碳酸钠碱性灰化处理的生物检体内的钡离子含量测定等进行了报导。     

眠尔通中毒死亡尸体中眠尔通及其分解代谢物的检验

<正> 眠尔通是一种无紫外吸收的安眠镇静药,哺乳动物口服后,由于体内 pH 变化和多种酶催化作用部分代谢为羟基眠尔通和羧基眠尔通,用 GC-MS 法可检出另二种分解代谢物,即去酰胺眠尔通和去二酰胺眠尔通。笔者通过一例眠尔通中毒死亡案,使用本方法提取净化,各脏器均检出眠尔通及其分解代谢物,并对眠尔通中毒脏器组织中的分解代谢物的提取和检验方法进行了探讨。     

微量杀虫脒的中毒检验

本文主要论述了杀虫脒中毒后生物检材的提取、净化方法和六种分析检验方法:(1)化学显色和沉降反应;(2)杀虫脒水解后的汽化显色反应;(3)结晶试验;(4)薄层分析;(5)紫外分光光度测定法;(6)气相色谱分析。这些方法在实践检验中已证实具有可靠的实用价值。     

HPLC法分析海洛因中毒死亡后生物检材中的吗啡

初步建立了以HPLC方法检测海洛因中毒生物检材中的吗啡方法,给出两种比较理想、可供定性、定量分析的色谱条件;生物检材处理,提取净化方法简便快速,并通过对10例海洛因中毒死亡者血液的检测,效果理想,实践证明方法可靠,适用于实际案件的鉴定。     

N-甲基-3,4-亚甲二氧基卡西酮的确证

目的 对毒品案件样本进行N-甲基-3,4-亚甲二氧基卡西酮(bk-MDMA)确证检验.方法 采用阴离子检测、颜色反应、气质联用(GC/MS)、核磁共振(NMR)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等方法对毒品案件中白色晶体样本进行剖析确证.结果 快速筛查结果提示样本为具有亚甲二氧基结构的仲胺物质的盐酸盐,经GC/MS、NMR、FTIR检验,确证样本为bk-MDMA,系3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺(3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetmaine,MDMA)的卡西酮类似物.结论 采用本文所用方法可以对毒品案件样本中N-甲基-3,4-亚甲二氧基卡西酮成分进行确证,该药具有滥用的可能性应引起相关部门的重视.     

酒后驾车血液呼气中乙醇检测方法评价

回顾了乙醇中毒检测的一些重要事件和发展趋势,对此领域内的一些先驱及其主要贡献略加介绍,并对血-气乙醇检测方法的原理、优缺点作了说明。血液检测方法包括湿化学方法、酶法、气相色谱法,呼气检测方法包括湿化学方法、电化学方法、气相色谱法和红外光谱法。欧洲血液检测方法进行地比较早,且较深入,北美则对呼气检测方法有比较透彻的研究。     

物证鉴定的技术方法确认和标准操作规程

物证鉴定中使用的技术方法直接影响和决定了物证检验结果的质量,因此对技术方法的管理是物证鉴定实验室质量保证体系的核心因素之一。开展技术方法的开发确认和内部确认并建立方法的标准操作规程,是保证实验室能够正确选择和使用科学可靠的技术方法,并获得一致结果的主要手段。运行高水平质量保证体系的物证鉴定实验室,应该在案件物证检验工作中使用经过实验室内部确认的技术方法,而且重要新技术方法还应在开发确认基础上进行内部确认,根据方法确认结果建立该方法的标准操作规程。     

A simple magneto-optical method for the restoration of erased markings in metals

There are different techniques for the restoration of erased markings in metals. Non-destructive methods are generally preferable. The only frequently used non-destructive method is the magnetic technique. The different kinds of magnetic restoration methods are discussed in the article. In the experiments described, the applicability of magneto-optical methods for the restoration of obliterated markings was examined. The results show that the methods are suitable and the required equipment does not cause high expenses.     

Skeletal estimation and identification in American and East European populations

Forensic science is a fundamental transitional justice issue as it is imperative for providing physical evidence of crimes committed and a framework for interpreting evidence and prosecuting violations to International Humanitarian Law (IHL). The evaluation of evidence presented in IHL trials and the outcomes various rulings by such courts have in regard to the accuracy or validity of methods applied in future investigations is necessary to ensure scientific quality. Accounting for biological and statistical variation in the methods applied across populations and the ways in which such evidence is used in varying judicial systems is important because of the increasing amount of international forensic casework being done globally. Population variation or the perceived effect of such variation on the accuracy and reliability of methods is important as it may alter trial outcomes, and debates about the scientific basis for human variation are now making their way into international courtrooms. Anthropological data on population size (i.e., the minimum number of individuals in a grave), demographic structure (i.e., the age and sex distribution of victims), individual methods applied for identification, and general methods of excavation and trauma analysis have provided key evidence in cases of IHL. More generally, the question of population variation and the applicability of demographic methods for estimating individual and population variables is important for American and International casework in the face of regional population variation, immigrant populations, ethnic diversity, and secular changes. The reliability of various skeletal aging methods has been questioned in trials prosecuted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in The Prosecutor of the Tribunal against Radislav Krstic (Case No. IT-98-33, Trial Judgment) and again in the currently ongoing trial of The Prosecutor of the Tribunal against Zdravko Tolimir, Radivolje Miletic, Milan Gvero, Vinko Pandurevic, Ljubisa Beara, Vujadin Popovic, Drago Nikolic, Milorad Trbic, Ljubomir Borovcanin (IT-05-88-PT, Second Amended Indictment). Following the trial of General Krstic, a collaborative research project was developed between the Forensic Anthropology Center at The University of Tennessee (UT) and the United Nations, International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Office of the Prosecutor (ICTY). The purpose of that collaboration was to investigate methods used for the demographic analysis of forensic evidence and where appropriate to recalibrate methods for individual estimation of age, sex, and stature for specific use in the regions of the former Yugoslavia. The question of "local standards" and challenges to the reliability of current anthropological methods for biological profiling in international trials of IHL, as well as the performance of such methods to meet the evidentiary standards used by international tribunals is investigated. Anthropological methods for estimating demographic parameters are reviewed. An overview of the ICTY-UT collaboration for research aimed at addressing specific legal issues is discussed and sample reliability for Balkan aging research is tested. The methods currently used throughout the Balkans are discussed and estimated demographic parameters obtained through medico-legal death investigations are compared with identified cases. Based on this investigation, recommendations for improving international protocols for evidence collection, presentation, and research are outlined.     

A comparison of actuarial methods for identifying repetitively violent patients with mental Illnesses

This is a progress report on the development of practical methods for the actuarial prediction of violence. The literature indicates that actuarial prediction is more accurate than clinical prediction, but in practice actuarial methods seem to be used rarely. Here we address two obstacles to the clinical use of actuarial prediction methods. First, clinicians may be averse to actuarial methods that require calculations. To remedy this, we developed a regression tree screen that presents actuarial information about violence in a series of yes/no questions. Second, using actuarial methods to identify the small minority of violent patients in a general psychiatric population may be too costly. To remedy this, we developed a method to prescreen patients for intensive evaluation using an inexpensive assessment. We evaluated regression trees and two-stage screening by comparing their accuracies against conventional actuarial methods. The results showed that actuarial predictions based on regression trees and two-stage screens were as accurate as regression-based methods in identifying repetitively violent patients. These easier-to-use methods may therefore be useful techniques for actuarial predictions.     

Evaluating the Role of Race in Sentencing: An Entropy Weighting Analysis

The current study builds on prior research examining racial disparities in sentencing. Entropy weighting is introduced as a new method for estimating racial disparities that has several advantages over traditionally used methods. Entropy weighting is compared to regression and propensity score methods in estimating Black-White disparities in incarceration sentences. Although all methods find non-significant racial disparities in incarceration sentences, regression and propensity score methods underestimate disparities in incarceration sentence lengths. Entropy weighting provides comparable estimates to propensity score methods, but assures that the samples are identical on all covariates aside from race. The method offers researchers a useful and flexible approach for estimating racial disparities in criminal justice, and its use may lead to alternative conclusions about the size and presence of racial disparities in sentencing.     

杀虫剂麦巨丰的检验方法

介绍了合成杀虫剂麦巨丰的检验方法,特点是简便、快速、准确,具有实用性.     

Evaluation of five preservation methods for recovery of DNA from bone

The effectiveness of five methods for the preservation of bone were assessed: cell lysis solution (with 1% sodium azide), dehydration/freeze-drying, ethanol (96%), freezing, and room temperature storage. Preserved bone samples were extracted using five optimised extraction methods. These preservation methods were tested for their efficiency for storage of fresh and degraded bone samples for 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year. Freezing was found to be the best preservation method for longer-term storage of bone samples; this was followed by ethanol (96%), dehydration/freeze-drying, and room temperature storage. Full profiles were obtained from bone samples using all these preservation methods.     

精斑检验干扰因素的研究

目的研究精斑检验中预试验与确证试验结果的关系,以及取材时间、生活习惯对确证检验结果的干扰。方法取376例阴道拭子,用酸性磷酸酶(ACP)染色法、斑点ELISA法和抗人精PSA金标试纸法检测检测精斑。结果ACP阴性时,可检出P30、精子,性生活后精斑确证检验大部分阳性检出分布在48小时以内样本中,结果经X2检验,P<0.01,差异性显著,而不同的生活习惯对P30检测具有显著性差异。结论研究结果对精斑的检验以及检材的提取具有推广应用和指导性意义。     

新型毒品氯胺酮分析方法研究进展

本文介绍了氯胺酮的提取及检测现状,比较了液液提取、固相萃取、固相微萃取等提取方的优劣和GC/NPD、GC/FID、GC/MS以及薄层色谱等不同分析方法的应用情况。