耻骨推断年龄方程改进

为了进一步提高耻骨推断年龄方程推广使用价值,在原方程454副样本基础上又增加146副,共600副（男、女各300副）。观测项目（形态特征）由男女各9个减为各8个。有效赋分标准,男性增加5个;女性增加4个。每项中0改为1。使用数量化理论1和逐步回归数学模型,取得8个方程、6个推断年龄表。应用时可根据不同性别、不同年龄组,选用不同推断年龄表,使用不同标准差。比原方程,提高了实际应用价值。     

江西侦破大要案件工作

1992年以来,江西全省各级公安刑侦部门根据不同时期,刑事犯罪的不同规律、特点,有计划、有步骤地开展了一系列的专项斗争和破案会战。据统计,自1992年至1997年底,全省共破获各类刑事案件147693起其中重特大案件49574起,重、特大案件的破案率达到85.8％。通过侦查破案,共抓获各类刑事犯罪人员192086名,摧毁犯罪团伙23547个,缴获各种枪2325枝,子     

铜导线一次和二次短路熔痕的显微共聚焦激光拉曼光谱特征研究

目的 为了判定火灾发生的原因,依据激光拉曼光谱(RMS)能够反映出经过不同高温热处理炭材料的石墨化程度,以此来探索电气短路判定的技术依据.方法 利用显微共聚焦激光拉曼光谱仪对火灾中不同环境下生成的铜导线短路熔痕表面碳痕斑进行检测分析,利用碳痕斑两个拉曼特征位移峰的比值,计算不同短路熔痕表面碳化斑的石墨化度.结果 铜导线的一次短路、二次短路和火烧熔痕上残留碳斑石墨化度不同,一次短路熔珠碳痕的石墨化度R值最小,火烧熔痕的石墨化度R值最大.结论 该研究建立了显微激光拉曼光谱法无损检测分析铜导线短路熔痕的新方法.     

2对同卵双生子microRNAs表达谱差异分析

目的探索同卵双生子(monozygotic twins,MZ)间microRNAs(miRNAs)表达谱差异,寻找甄别MZ个体的新指标。方法应用miRNA芯片技术检测两对不同年龄和性别的MZ间miRNAs的表达并对其表达谱进行差异性分析,同时采用实时定量RT-PCR(qRT-PCR)技术对差异表达的miRNAs进行验证。结果男性MZ对共检出74个差异表达的miRNAs(51个上调,23个下调);女性MZ对共检出220个差异表达的miRNAs(102个上调,118个下调);两对MZ间共有的差异表达miRNAs 32个(上调27个,下调4个,表达不一致的1个)。此外,挑选的4个差异表达的miRNAs经实时qRT-PCR验证,与芯片检测结果一致。结论本研究初步证实了MZ个体间存在miRNAs表达差异,有望作为甄别MZ个体的新生物学指标。     

关于撤诉案件和无罪判决案件的调查报告

撤诉案件和无罪判决案件二者性质不同 ,但在本质上有其共性。大部分撤诉案件是法院认为案件可能判决无罪并建议检察机关撤诉的。① 鉴于两类案件本身存在的问题 ,我们对广州市 2 0 0 0年至 2 0 0 2年 1 1月的两类案件进行了调查和分析。一、基本情况统计分析课题组对广州市各检察院进行调查发现 ,2 0 0 0年至 2 0 0 2年 1 1月全市撤诉案件共 30 2件 ,无罪案件 2 4件。② 为增强研究的科学性 ,我们以市院二个公诉处和九个基层院填报的1 2 5个案例作为调查的基准数和研究案例 ,进行比较深入的调查分析 (两类案件性质相同 ,不另分开论述 )。在 …     

河南汉族群体DYF403S1和DYF404S1序列分析及多态性

目的调查2个新的多拷贝基因座DYF403S1和DYF404S1在240例河南汉族群体无关男性个体中的遗传多态性,评价其法医学应用价值。方法用6-FAM荧光染料标记引物,PCR扩增产物采用ABI 3500遗传分析仪检测,根据分型检测结果,分别对2个基因座的不同等位基因进行序列分析。结果 DYF403S1基因座为4拷贝,该基因座包含2种核心序列并表现出2种不同的基序,等位基因分别为23~33、38~53。DYF404S1基因座为双拷贝,等位基因为11~18。本研究中2个多拷贝基因座组成的联合单体型共229种,出现最多的单体型为26-28-29-48/14-15,频率是0.016 7,仅出现1次的单体型共220种,占91.67%。单体型多样性(HD)和个体识别力(DP)分别为0.999 6和0.995 4,单体型辨别能力(DC)为0.954 2。结论 2个多拷贝基因座DYF403S1和DYF404S1在河南汉族群体中具有较高的遗传多态性。     

中国人p33.6位点的扩增片段长度多态性

用PCR、小型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和银染法对小卫星区域p33.6(D1S111)位点的扩增片段长度多态性(Amp—FLP)进行分析和对100例无关中国人p33.6位点的等位基因频率进行调查及数据处理,发现该位点核心序列重复数从9到22之间的全部14个等位基因,片段长度分布于435～925bp之间,基因频率为0.5～35.5％,杂合度为76％。对6个家系共22名相关个体进行分析,符合孟德尔遗传定律;对人体各种不同组织DNA进行该位点的分析,显示出高度的一致性。该位点适用于法医学上的个人识别以及亲子鉴定。     

追踪寻源“摇头丸”

解析“摇头丸”截止到2003年3月16日,武汉市共查获各种各样的“摇头丸”21065片(粒),按照不同的颜色、形状、图案和标记以及不同成分划分,计有105个品种。通过对其成分(组分)的GC/MS分析,结合我国现行法律对毒品分类处罚和“不按纯度折算”的原则。可以将查获的“摇头丸”分成三大类: 以甲基苯丙胺为主和含有甲基苯丙胺成分的“摇头丸”应称为“冰毒片”根据我国刑法规定,对海洛因和甲基苯丙胺(冰毒)处理最重。而且在357条中规定:“以查证属实的毒品数量计算,不以纯度折算。”那么,以甲基苯丙胺(冰毒)制成和含有这一成分的“摇头丸”,按从重处理原则,都应归入这一类。准确称呼应为“冰毒片”。从1999年至今,我们共     

模式翻转视诱发电位P100与视敏度的相关性

目的 通过研究不同程度视敏度障碍者模式翻转视诱发电位(pattern reversal visual evoked potentials,PRVEP)P100的特征,分析不同视角光刺激下与视敏度之间的相关性.方法 选用视敏度分别为0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0志愿者共100只眼,采用不同空间频率(8°到7.5＇...     

陈述语气中第二人称主语与动词谓语的选择性研究

第二人称主语是陈述句的有标记主语.各类动词谓语与该主语共现时表现出不同的选择性:或整个类别受到高度限制,如自主动词等;或类别倾向于受限制,如状态动词等;或类别内部不同个体受限制情况不同,如变化动词等;或同一动词在不同语境中受限制情况不同,如某些关系动词.限制原因主要来自两个方面:违反陈述语气的语用要求或者组合构成其它语气.     

GC polymorphism detected in human urine by isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting

Genetic polymorphism of GC (vitamin D-binding protein) in human urine was revealed by isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting on thin-layer polyacrylamide gels containing 2 M urea. Urine samples from 530 unrelated Japanese from the Fukui district, being only 1-2 ml of original urine, were examined, and correct GC typing was achieved by comparison with the results of direct grouping using plasma. Six common and twelve rare phenotypes were observed. The frequencies of the genes were 0.473 for GC*1F, 0.241 for GC*1S, 0.254 for GC*2, and 0.032 for the total of six rare alleles.     

GC/MS研究海洛因代谢物在吸毒者体内的分布

应用GC／MS－SIM测定了海洛因代谢物吗啡在两例海洛因延缓死亡者的体内分布,并分析了收集到的7例案子的毛发（头发、腋毛和阴毛）中6-单乙酰吗啡和吗啡含量。生物检材和毛发经酸水解、提取、醋酸酐或双（三甲基硅基）三氟乙酰胺（BSTFA）衍生化,然后进行GC／MS-SIM分析。结果表明尿、胆汁和肝脏是判定死者是否曾使用海洛因的最佳检材;毛发分析与生物检材相比有其独特的优点,可提供数月甚至数年的用药情况。为公安司法机关打击吸毒、惩治犯罪提供更可靠、有效的证据。     

Routine phenotyping of native and desialyzed alpha 2HS-glycoprotein from blood stains

The application of a polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing (PAGIEF) and immunoblotting procedure for the identification of native alpha 2HS-glycoprotein (AHSG) in routine casework blood stains has produced reportable results on 57.2% of samples. This reporting rate is lower than that for group specific component (GC) (83.8%) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM 1) (72.8%) phenotyping of the same samples. Blood stain samples were desialyzed with 1 U/ml neuraminidase, overnight at room temperature prior to PAGIEF in gels containing pharmalyte pH 5-6 and 2.5 M urea. Simple AHSG patterns were developed by immunoblotting. This procedure was five times as sensitive as the native AHSG method and desialyzation was reproducible over a range of incubation times and neuraminidase concentrations. The application of the desialyzed AHSG analysis to routine casework samples has resulted in a significant increase in the number of reportable results (762 reported out of 1027 samples). This reporting rate (74.2%) compares favourably with that for GC (79.1%) and PGH 1 (69.6%) phenotyping of the same samples. The three AHSG alleles (AHSG*1, 2 and 3) are clearly resolved after sample desialyzation and separation in gels containing pharmalyte pH 5-6 and 2.5 M urea. The sensitivity of desialyzed AHSG phenotyping approaches that of GC and this technique is worthy of inclusion in blood stain screening protocols of forensic laboratories in regions where the population has a limited range of rare AHSG alleles.     

生物检材中巴比妥类药物固相萃取及分析方法

目的建立生物检材中巴比妥类药物的提取净化和定性定量分析方法；方法应用固相萃取法提取生物检材中巴比妥类药物，比较了巴比妥类药物固相萃取的最佳pH值、固相吸附柱等提取条件；结果确定了巴比妥类药物的GC／NPD线性范围和GC／MS检出限；结论该方法实用，提取率高，杂质干扰少，为实际案件中巴比妥类药物的提取净化和定性定量分析提供了方法和依据。     

用等电聚焦酶免疫分析法检测人类精斑GC表现型

本文用IEF结合使用过氧化物酶标记第二抗体的酶免疫分析法检测了17名键康成年男性的精液(斑)和唾液斑及10名健康成年女性的阴道分泌液中的GC表现型。结果发现17份人类精斑均可测出三种GC蛋白普通表现型。在10份阴道液中测出一份样本的GC表现型,3份样本有不甚清楚的GC带,不能定型,其他样本均无GC带。17份唾液斑未测出GC。本法的灵敏度(0.675ng)比文献报道的用过氧化物酶标记第二抗体的酶免疫分析(5.6ng)高。     

An analytical method for the rapid screening of organophosphate pesticides in human biological samples and foodstuffs

Gas chromatography with nitrogen/phosphorus sensitive detection (GC/PND) and electron impact mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with selected ion monitoring provides a simple, rapid and sensitive method for the determination of organophosphate pesticides (OPs). A selective single-step extraction of 23 different OPs in urine, blood, serum and food samples (baby food, soft drinks and instant soups suspected of contamination from a blackmailing scare) is described. The OPs were extracted with 1ml toluene (with and without addition of mevinphos as internal standard), using a 0.7ml aliquot of urine, blood or serum sample. Food samples (0.2g) were homogenised with water (0.5ml) before extraction. An amount of 1microl of the toluene phase (extraction supernatant) was analysed directly by GC/PND and GC/MS.The method was validated using spiked human serum. The OPs were mixed with serum containing 10mg/ml disodium ethane diamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA disodium salt) and stored up to 10 days at 4 and -20 degrees C, respectively. The recovery rates of OPs in freshly spiked human plasma ranged between 50% (dimethoate) and 133% (dialifos). OPs in plasma proved to be stable at -20 degrees C. Their levels decreased only slightly after storage at 4 degrees C.     

GC和GC/MS技术在毒品来源推断中的应用

目的应用气相色谱(GC)和气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)技术,定性、定量分析毒品案例,推断毒品来源。方法采用GC/MS法定性分析毒品样品中的主成分、痕量杂质、掺假剂和稀释剂,并选择GC/FID和外标法定量分析上述各组分,通过定性和定量数据的统计比对,并用SPSS10.0数据统计分析软件对分组结果进行验证,推断毒品样品之间来源的区别与联系。结果用GC/MS定性分析、GC/FID定量分析和SPSS10.0数据统计分析软件将12个案件的毒品按来源分成7组,其中1、6、7、11号样品和10A、10B样品分成两组,2、3、5、9号样品各成一组,4号和8号样品分成一组。上述12起案件的毒品来源分析和比对结果,经送检部门反馈的破案信息证明,与案件的真实情况十分吻合。结论应用GC/MS、GC/FID技术分析毒品,可准确推断毒品来源。     

Hair analysis for delta(9)-THC,delta(9)-THC-COOH,CBN and CBD,by GC/MS-EI. Comparison with GC/MS-NCI for delta(9)-THC-COOH

A sensitive analytical method was developed for quantitative analysis of delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta(9)-THC), 11-nor-delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-carboxylic acid (delta(9)-THC-COOH), cannabinol (CBN) and cannabidiol (CBD) in human hair. The identification of delta(9)-THC-COOH in hair would document Cannabis use more effectively than the detection of parent drug (delta(9)-THC) which might have come from environmental exposure. Ketamine was added to hair samples as internal standard for CBN and CBD. Ketoprofen was added to hair samples as internal standard for the other compounds. Samples were hydrolyzed with beta-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase for 2h at 40 degrees C. After cooling, samples were extracted with a liquid-liquid extraction procedure (with chloroform/isopropyl alcohol, after alkalinization, and n-hexane/ethyl acetate, after acidification), which was developed in our laboratory. The extracts were analysed before and after derivatization with pentafluoropropionic anhydride (PFPA) and pentafluoropropanol (PFPOH) using a Hewlett Packard gas chromatographer/mass spectrometer detector, in electron impact mode (GC/MS-EI). Derivatized delta(9)-THC-COOH was also analysed using a Hewlett Packard gas chromatographer/mass spectrometer detector, in negative ion chemical ionization mode (GC/MS-NCI) using methane as the reagent gas. Responses were linear ranging from 0.10 to 5.00 ng/mg hair for delta(9)-THC and CBN, 0.10-10.00 ng/mg hair for CBD, 0.01-5.00 ng/mg for delta(9)-THC-COOH (r(2)>0.99). The intra-assay precisions ranged from <0.01 to 12.40%. Extraction recoveries ranged from 80.9 to 104.0% for delta(9)-THC, 85.9-100.0% for delta(9)-THC-COOH, 76.7-95.8% for CBN and 71.0-94.0% for CBD. The analytical method was applied to 87 human hair samples, obtained from individuals who testified in court of having committed drug related crimes. Quantification of delta(9)-THC-COOH using GC/MS-NCI was found to be more convenient than GC/MS-EI. The latter may give rise to false negatives due to the detection limit.     

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC x GC-TOFMS) for drug screening and confirmation

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) is applied to analysis of drug standard mixtures containing 78 drugs of interest in forensic samples. For this study, underivatised drugs were employed. While several of the drugs were not detected at the low concentrations employed in the samples, most could be satisfactorily assigned their first and second dimension retentions in the GC x GC retention plane. For this study, time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) detection was used. The enhanced separation possible in GC x GC is demonstrated, and typical linearity and apparatus precision are shown for tramadol, diazepam, olanzapine and desipramine using selected qualifier ions. Mass spectral library search quality for the detection of drugs in a selection of authentic forensic cases, along with retention position in the 2D retention plane, is used to support positive identification of the presence of the drugs. The analysis of 'difficult' drugs paracetamol and phenytoin is shown to produce anomalous chromatographic peak shape in the 2D plane, whereas most drugs gave acceptable peak shapes. The GC x GC technique was applied to screening drugs in forensic samples, with either flame ionisation (FID) or TOFMS detection, and compared favourably with conventional single column GC-MS analysis when tested for diazepam in an authentic forensic study.     

GC法和GC/MS法在地区毒品情报分析中的应用

目的探讨气相色谱法(GC)和气相色谱/质谱联用法(GC/MS)在地区毒品情报分析中的应用,并用于实际样品分析。方法采用GC/MS法定性分析毒品样品中的主成分、痕量杂质、掺假剂和稀释剂,并选择GC/FID法和内标标准曲线法定量分析上述各组分,通过定性和定量数据的统计和分析,推断该地区的毒品状况。结果用GC/MS定性分析、GC/FID定量分析,和数据的统计比对,获得了某省某年27起海洛因毒品大案样品主成分、痕量杂质、掺假剂和稀释剂组成及含量的特征,发现该省缴获的大宗海洛因毒品主要以掺假和稀释后的产品出现,且咖啡因和扑热息痛为两种主要的掺假剂和稀释剂。结论GC/MS和GC/FID法在地区毒品情报分析和打击毒品犯罪中可以发挥重要作用。