元代司法检验论析

元朝司法检验在承继宋代基础上有所发展,仵作成为检尸的主要角色和官方正式职役。检验主体和内容有所扩大,体现出元朝检验精细化和对检验的重视。元政府对检验加以明确规制,检验更趋制度化、法制化。元代检验文书发展及检验中程序化操作的加强,促进了中外法医学进步,但司法实践中检验官吏舞弊现象影响了司法正常运作,造成消极影响。医学和检验的隔离,检验局限于人体表层,检验赋予没有医学和司法知识背景的仵作,同样阻碍了司法检验进步。总体上,元代司法检验论析,对于元代诉讼制度研究有重要意义。     

标的物检验制度的不足与完善

民法典的编纂涉及各方面的问题，在交易方式和交易关系日新月异的今天，标的物检验问题尚未得到足够的关注和研究，对于标的物检验制度存在的不足，需要在制定《中华人民共和国民法典?合同编》时进一步完善。本文结合典型案例，分析讨论了标的物检验主体与检验资质问题、检验依据问题、检验地点问题、检验结论的效力问题、第三方检验主体的责任问题等，提出了完善标的物检验制度的对策。     

对文件材料的检验标准几点思考

随着科学技术的发展和社会的进步,拓展了新的检验对象形字,也赋予了文件检验新的内涵。文件检验所涉及的内容非常丰富和广泛,文件材料的检验是文件检验的一个重要组成部分。     

以太网网络接口卡MAC永久地址与MAC当前地址的检验方法综述

本文综述了检验以太网网络接口卡MAC永久地址和MAC当前地址的方法,针对不同的检验客体提出了可行的检验方法。并提出了MAC在先检验的发展方向。     

第一讲 物证检验常用仪器

物证检验在刑事侦查中具有重要作用。在我国,物证检验尚属一个有待进一步开发的领域。为了借鉴外国物证检验方面的研究成果,促进我国物证检验工作的开展,本讲座编译了国外有关物证检验的内容。其中包括:物证检验常用仪器、玻璃检验、泥土检验、金属检验、涂料检验、纤维检验和有关法医物证检验等。本讲座侧重于基本原理和基本方法的系统介绍,这无论对于理论研究还是实际工作都有一定的参考价值。     

《法医临床检验规范》研制的基本构想

本文主要介绍了《法医临床检验规范》编制的基本原则、基本要求和基本特点.基本原则包括:规范检验的内容,旨在确保检验的系统性和完整性;规范检验的方法,旨在确保检验的一致性和可靠性;规范检验的技术,旨在确保检验方法的先进性和科学性;规范检验的过程,旨在确保检验的客观性和可重现性.基本要求包括:要符合临床医学的基本要求;要符合司法鉴定的实际需求;要符合技术标准的通用要求.基本特点包括:强调法医临床检验的重点内容;强调法医临床检验的特殊技术;强调肢体功能评定方法.     

《法医临床检验规范》研制的基本构想

本文主要介绍了《法医临床检验规范》编制的基本原则、基本要求和基本特点。基本原则包括：规范检验的内容,旨在确保检验的系统性和完整性;规范检验的方法,旨在确保检验的一致性和可靠性;规范检验的技术,旨在确保检验方法的先进性和科学性;规范检验的过程,旨在确保检验的客观性和可重现性。基本要求包括：要符合临床医学的基本要求;要符合司法鉴定的实际需求;要符合技术标准的通用要求。基本特点包括：强调法医临床检验的重点内容;强调法医临床检验的特殊技术;强调肢体功能评定方法。     

化学成像检验技术新发展

化学成像检验技术已经成为物证鉴定学科研究的重点和热点课题。化学成像检验技术结合了成像检验。光谱分析。图像处理等技术方法，能够为检验鉴定同时提供定量定性定位的准确信息。本文参考大量文献。总结归纳了化学成像检验的定义。介绍了化学成像检验技术应用于法庭科学研究现状与未来发展趋势。     

电子物证检验

目的阐述电子物证检验技术的专业内容和组成,以及开展电子物证检验的作用和重要意义;方法研究美国、欧洲和国内电子证据及其检验鉴定的数据资料,结合国内物证检验技术发展现状和需求,论证电子物证检验技术;结果提出了电子物证检验定义、检验对象、技术方法、特点作用以及尽快在国内建立电子物证检验专业等观点;结论电子物证检验是关于识别、发现、提取、保存、恢复、展示、分析和鉴定电子设备中存在的电子信息(电子证据)的科学技术,其检验结果可以作案件侦查线索或法庭证据。开展电子物证检验可以有效提高犯罪侦查效率。     

谁有资格发布商品质量检验公报

商品质量检验所涉及的主要问题是检验主体资格、检验程序和检验结果的发布权限。 就这些问题,2000年7月8日九届全国人大常委会第十六次会议通过的新《产品质量法》有了较为具体的规定。 商品质量检验机构是惟一的合法主体 商品质量检验机构是依法设立的独立执行商品质量检验的社会中介机构,它与行政机关及其他国家机关不存在任何隶属关系和其他利益关系。商品质量检验机构必须具备     

17 STR data (AmpF/STR Identifiler and Powerplex 16 System) from Cabinda (Angola)

Allele frequencies for seventeen STRs included in the AmpF/STR Identifiler (CSF1PO, D2S1338, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D19S433, D21S11, FGA, TH01, TPOX, and VWA) and Powerplex 16 System (CSF1PO, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D21S11, FGA, Penta D, Penta E, TH01, TPOX, and VWA) were estimated from a sample of 110 unrelated individuals from Cabinda, Angola. Comparative analyses between our population data and other African databases, namely Promega's African-Americans, AB Applied Biosystems African-Americans and five other population samples gathered from the literature are also presented.     

Educación jurídica,investigación y derechos humanos inteligentes

The recent studies on the genes, the neurons and the information, are influencing the form to know us and to know the reality. The opportunity is had, for this reason, to improve the formation of the professor and the students of the Right, to happen of an education of repetitions to one of new features, discovery, diversion, that is to say, investigation. One is to avoid “to transmit” information, but to explore it, to construct it, only to invent it, working in equipment, professor and students, inside and outside the hall classes. The contents to investigate can be placed in the past, the present or in the future, like the human rights. Thus, it is tried that the well-known or effective human rights, the products of the legal rationalism, are extended to protect the emotional human dignity: the respect, the confidence, the tolerance, the responsibility, the happiness, desire, the pleasure. Human intelligence is multiple, for that reason the human rights must be intelligent, that protect and develop the intellect, the affectivity, the corporal one, the energy, the environment and its cosmovisión.     

盐酸曲马多在大鼠体内的分布特点

目的观察盐酸曲马多在大鼠体内的分布及其特点。方法大鼠以3倍和6倍LD50228mg/kg剂量盐酸曲马多灌胃染毒致死,取材,薄层色谱法检测其心、肺、肝、脾、肾、大脑和血内盐酸曲马多的浓度。结果3倍LD50剂量组大鼠肾、肺、血、肝、大脑、脾和心组织盐酸曲马多的浓度分别为112±15、59±17、53±31、32±19.7、22±11.5、20±20、16.7±8.3μg/g或μg/ml;6倍LD50剂量组大鼠血、肺、肝、心、肾、大脑和脾中盐酸曲马多的浓度分别为107.6±7.2、26.3±20、11.7±6.6、11.2±7.2、10.3±3.6、6.38±0.2、6.1±0.3μg/g或μg/ml。结论3倍LD50剂量组大鼠,肾、肺、血内盐酸曲马多浓度最高;6倍LD50剂量组大鼠血、肺、肝中盐酸曲马多的浓度最高。盐酸曲马多中毒时,血、肝、肺和肾可以作为法医毒物分析的检材。     

溴敌隆及其代谢物-苄叉丙酮在犬体内的死后分布

目的研究溴敌隆及其代谢物-苄叉丙酮在中毒致死犬体内死后分布规律,为溴敌隆中毒检材的采取提供实验依据。方法分别经口给予犬2倍和4倍LD_(50)溴敌隆,待其死亡后迅速解剖取材,气相色谱-质谱联用法测定心血、外周血、尿、胆汁、心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑、左下肢肌、膀胱、胃、胃内容、胰等脏器和体液中溴敌隆和代谢物-苄叉丙酮的含量。结果犬经2倍和4倍LD_(50)溴敌隆灌胃染毒后3d开始出现出血症状,(178.40±20.94)h后死亡。溴敌隆和代谢物-苄叉丙酮在各组织脏器及体液中的死后分布为:溴敌隆2LD_(50)组溴敌隆:胆汁尿、肝、心、肾心血、外周血、脾、肺等;苄叉丙酮:胆汁、尿、心血、外周血、肺、胃内容中含量高于其他脏器。溴敌隆4LD_(50)组溴敌隆:胆汁、尿肝、外周血心血、胃内容物等脏器。苄叉丙酮:胆汁、尿、肺浓度高于其他脏器。结论溴敌隆及其代谢物-苄叉丙酮在中毒致死犬体内死后分布不均匀,溴敌隆在胆汁、尿、肝脏、心血和外周血含量较高,代谢物-苄叉丙酮在胆汁、尿、肺较高。胆汁、尿、肝脏、心血、外周血可作为疑似溴敌隆中毒毒物分析的检材。     

A micromethod for the isolation of drugs from blood using amberlite XAD-2

The extraction of drugs from small blood samples (1 ml or less) for subsequent quantitative determination is described. Isolation was carried out by adsorption of the drugs to Amberlite XAD-2 resin utilizing a batch procedure that enabled the simultaneous extraction of up to 200 samples in approx. 5 hours. A new desorption technique yielded extracts of high purity that could be used directly for gas chromatographic or radioimmunological determinations, even if hemolyzed or putrid blood was to be examined. The following 26 substances were quantitated after addition to postmortem blood speciments at concentrations of 1-10 microgram/ml: tilidine, diphenhydramine, dibenzepine, imipramine, chlorpromazine, amphetamine, pentazocine, phenacetin, methaqualone, meprobamate, parathion, diazepam, digoxin, beta-methyldigoxin, carbromal, glutethimide, amobarbital, pentobarbital, cyclobarbital, phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin, carbutamide, tolbutamide, glycodiazin, tolazamide and chlorpropamide. Thereby recoveries of 60-100% could be achieved. The reproducibility of the procedure was satisfactory as demonstrated by coefficients of variation of 3.7-8%.     

Law,Morality, and the Existence of Human Rights*

In the debate between positivism and non‐positivism the argument from relativism plays a pivotal role. The argument from relativism, as put forward, for instance, by Hans Kelsen, says, first, that a necessary connection between law and morality presupposes the existence of absolute, objective, or necessary moral elements, and, second, that no such absolute, objective, or necessary moral elements exist. My reply to this is that absolute, objective, or necessary moral elements do exist, for human rights exist, and human rights exist because they are justifiable.     

The detection of abortion agents in biological material]

Methods of extraction and detection of ascorbic acid, ergot alkaloids, cotarnine, microfollin, tinctures of marigold, peony, sage-brush, iodine, benzestrol, pachycarpine, hexestrol, folliculin, quinine, ethoxydiaminoacridine lactate were developed. Detection limits are 0.1-1 mg/100 g of object. Methods of manganese, iodine and soap detection are developed. Detection limits are 0.05-2 mg/100 g of object.     

Interpersonal violent crime in Ghana: The case of assault in Accra

This study examined the trends, patterns, and socio-spatial conditions and factors that foster assaultive incidents and behaviors in Accra, Ghana. Specifically, the study examined how much assaults occurred over time, background characteristics of the victims and offenders, victim-offender relationships, and the housing units that recorded the most assaults. Among the triggers of assaults were females in familial settings and neighborhood propinquity, that is, disputants related through kinship, residential proximity, and contractual obligations. Arguments, drunkenness name-calling, jokes, funerals, inheritance, property, festivals, chieftaincy, communal living and sharing, such spatial factors as transient populations and routine activities were among the remote and immediate causes of the assaultive incidents. Among the housing units, the compound houses recorded the highest assaults. The majority of the victims and suspects were young males, between eighteen and thirty-four years, unemployed or in low paying blue-collar jobs. The majority of the assaults occurred in Accra Central, the precinct with the most compound homes and lower-class neighborhoods, followed by Nima, Kaneshie, and Kpeshie. Most assault incidents occurred in the morning, between 6:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. and in the afternoon, between 5:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m.     

Contribution for an African autosomic STR database (AmpF/STR Identifiler and Powerplex 16 System) and a report on genotypic variations

Allele frequencies, together with some parameters of forensic interest, for 17 STRs included in the AmpF/STR Identifiler (CSF1PO, D2S1338, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D19S433, D21S11, FGA, TH01, TPO and VWA) and Powerplex 16 System (CSF1PO, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D21S11, FGA, Penta D, Penta E, TH01, TPO and VWA) were estimated from a sample of 135-144 unrelated individuals from Mozambique. No deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed with the exception of the FGA locus (using the Bonferroni correction for the number of loci analysed, the departure observed at this locus was not significant). Comparative analyses between our population data and other African databases, namely Promega's African-Americans, AB Applied Biosystems African-Americans and two other population samples from Mozambique and Guiné Bissau, are presented and discussed. Genotype inconsistencies between both commercial kits (for D16S539 and D8S1179) and other genotypic variations (three-banded allele patterns for TPO) are also reported.     

Emotions,reason, and character

Utilizing a contractualist framework for understanding the basis and limits for the use of force by police, this article offers five limiting principles—respect for status as moral agents, proportionality, minimum force necessary, ends likely to be accomplished, and appropriate motivation—and then discusses uses of force that violate or risk violating those principles. These include, but are not limited to, unseemly invasions, strip searches, perp walks, handcuffing practices, post-chase apprehensions, contempt-of-cop arrests, overuse of intermediate force measures, coerced confessions, profiling, stop and frisk practices, and the administration of street justice.