法医学视角下精神损伤的认定与赔偿问题

我国精神损伤的研究起步较晚,目前尚无成文法规,而相关法律规定又比较原则,因此,在精神损伤的鉴定与赔偿中有关评定方法、赔偿原则、赔偿标准以及因果关系的考证等问题上,长期存在着理解不一致,适用法律不统一的现象,这势必影响到司法公正和司法价值目标的实现。本文试图通过法医学理论对精神损伤的研究和探讨,阐明精神损伤在鉴定中的相关问题以及精神损伤赔偿中因果关系的考证与伪装性精神损伤的识别,以期为审判实践有关精神损伤的认定与赔偿提供借鉴与参考,从而实现其向法律精神回归的最终目的。     

试论精神损害与精神损伤

精神损害的实质就是精神利益的损害,对自然人而言,损害结果表现为内心的痛苦;对法人而言,损害结果表现为社会心理评价的降低,精神损害是一个法学概念,而精神损伤是一个医学概念。如何从法学角度去评价医学中的精神损伤,从医学角度去定位法学中的精神损害,对确定合理赔偿是有意义的。作者认为,精神损害不包含精神损伤,前者仅指内心痛苦局限于正常心理范围内,未达到精神障碍的程度犤１犦;后者则达到了属于精神病学范畴的精神障碍的程度。正因为两者在精神反应的程度上有着质的区别,其特征和意义是不同的,主要区别有以下几方面。…     

英美国家关于精神损伤的评估

本文概述了作为英美国家精神损伤赔偿主要法律依据的劳工赔偿法和侵权法.诉讼活动中精神损伤概念的外延大于创伤后应激障碍的范围.精神损伤可分为:躯体创伤所致的精神损伤;精神刺激所致的躯体损伤;精神刺激所致的精神损伤.介绍了临床评估精神损伤的方法、重点和难点.供国内同道参考.     

试论精神损害赔偿数额标准化

从整体上来说,我国法律以及司法解释对精神损害赔偿数额没有规定赔偿标准。在本文中,文章说明了我国法律及司法解释关于精神损害赔偿数额的确定情况,分析了我国关于精神损害赔偿数额确定存在的弊端。接着文章论述了我国确立精神损害赔偿数额标准的可行性。在此基础上,文章提出了确定精神损害赔偿数额标准途径。     

精神损伤程度评定的三维模型

精神损伤程度的评定是司法精神病学鉴定中经常遇到的问题,近年来已经引起司法精神病学界的广泛重视,第六届全国司法精神病学学术会议期间,各地专家曾提出若干评定标准的建议,但是由于精神损伤判定的复杂性,迄今尚未能形成统一的意见和方案。笔者提出一些设想,与同道探讨。 1精神损伤的概念界定 　　精神损伤是指由于各种理化因素及社会心理因素作用于人体,所引起的精神障碍 [1]。笔者认为精神损伤概念应包含以下三个要素。 1.1精神障碍的存在与程度 　　在损伤事件前,个体的精神活动是正常的,损伤事件后,出现各种精神症状及由此所…     

精神损伤的研究现状

关于精神损伤的法医精神病学鉴定争议较大,相关研究成为法医精神病学界的热点。为此,我们对精神损伤的相关概念、法律依据、鉴定中的几个难点问题进行了简要的综述,特别提到颅脑外伤后精神损伤的鉴定,希望能为精神损伤的研究提供一些思路。     

躯体损伤与精神损伤

躯体损伤与精神损伤作为人体相对应的损伤类型,具有不同的医学和法学特征,同时两者又保持着相互依存和相互转化的关系。躯体损伤与精神损伤不仅在分类上保持了各自的特点,在评定的具体依据上也存在较大的差异。     

论法人的精神损害赔偿

法人与自然人一样 ,有权请求精神损害赔偿 ,其精神损害赔偿的范围应从两个角度进行探讨 ,即从侵权行为所侵害的民事权利角度来看 ,法人的精神损害赔偿应适用于对法人的一切人格权的侵害和部分身份权的侵害 ;从损害利益的角度来看 ,法人的精神损害赔偿范围应该是精神利益的赔偿     

伤害引起的精神损伤程度评定

就精神损伤的概念、精神损伤的评定原则从精神医学和法学两个不同角度出发，结合我国的司法精神病鉴定和司法实践，探讨精神损伤程度评定的分级标准．     

损伤导致精神损伤程度评定标准的研究

目的探讨损伤导致精神障碍损伤程度评定标准。方法受理的297例损伤导致精神障碍损伤程度的法医学鉴定资料进行回顾性研究。结果297例中,重伤91例,轻伤93例,轻微伤44例,伤病关系评定69例。结论通过对297例精神损伤程度司法鉴定的分析,提出了具体的可操作性强的评定标准,以期在实践中进一步完善。     

Mental Health Review Tribunals

This paper is concerned with the operation of the Mental Health Review Tribunal system and summarizes the findings of an empirical investigation of tribunal decision making. The tribunals constitute an independent body which reviews the necessity for the continued compulsory detention of patients in psychiatric hospitals. The research focuses on the interpretation and application of mental health legislation by individual tribunal members and the manner in which these individual approaches are qualified in the group context. The study comprises three stages: a self-report questionnaire, a national statistical analysis of decisions, and a simulation study of decision making using a videotape of a hypothetical case. The research establishes considerable inconsistency in tribunal decision making at both an individual and group level and attributes some of this inconsistency to individually based factors isolated by the research. The findings further indicate that these factors remain influential within the group decision-making context.     

Self-Awareness and Mental Perception

The purpose of this paper is to clarify Prajñākaragupta’s view of mental perception (mānasapratyak?a), with special emphasis on the relationship between mental perception and self-awareness. Dignāga, in his PS 1.6ab, says: “mental [perception] (mānasa) is [of two kinds:] a cognition of an [external] object and awareness of one’s own mental states such as passion.” According to his commentator Jinendrabuddhi, a cognition of an external object and awareness of an internal object such as passion are here equally called ‘mental perception’ in that neither depends on any of the five external sense organs. Dharmakīrti, on the other hand, considers mental perception to be a cognition which arises after sensory perception, and does not call self-awareness ‘mental perception’. According to Prajñākaragupta, mental perception is the cognition which determines an object as ‘this’ (idam iti jñānam). Unlike Dharmakīrti, he holds that the mental perception follows not only after the sensory perception of an external object, but also after the awareness of an internal object. The self-awareness which Dignāga calls ‘mental perception’ is for Prajñākaragupta the cognition which determines as ‘this’ an internal object, or an object which consists in a cognition; it is to be differentiated from the cognition which cognizes cognition itself, that is, self-awareness in its original sense.     

立足实际 统筹规划 扬长避短 稳步推进

自十堰市被公安部、科技部确定为全国科技强警示范城市后，十堰市公安局积极争取地方党委、政府的支持，在认真分析当前我市公安科技建设与发展存在的主要问题和薄弱环节的基础上，紧紧结合本地的实际情况，并着眼未来的发展方向和目标，统筹规划，扬长避短，扎实有效的推进科技强警示范城市建设，取得了一定的成绩，下面就我市前段工作及主要做法汇报如下：     

Legal Concepts as Mental Representations

Although much ink has been spilled on different aspects of legal concepts, the approach based on the developments of cognitive science is a still neglected area of study. The “mental” and cognitive aspect of these concepts, i.e., their features as mental constructs and cognitive tools, especially in the light of the developments of the cognitive sciences, is discussed quite rarely. The argument made by this paper is that legal concepts are best understood as mental representations. The piece explains what mental representations are and why this view matters. The explanation of legal concepts, understood as mental representations is one of (at least) three levels of explanation within legal philosophy, but—as will be argued—it is the most fundamental level. This paper analyzes the consequences of such understanding of concepts used in the field of legal philosophy. Special emphasis is put on the current debate on the analogical or amodal nature of concepts.