整合儿童健康与儿童福利：重构中国现代儿童福利政策框架

儿童身心健康成长关系家庭生活幸福美满、中华民族复兴强盛、国家繁荣富强、培育社会栋梁与社会发展前景等一系列重大的战略议题。儿童生活状况反映国家发展状况。中国儿童福利服务体系呈现高度分隔状态,儿童健康照顾缺乏儿童福利的理念与价值基础,儿童福利服务发展严重滞后,社会结构转型与社会现代化、贯彻落实科学发展观和构建和谐社会,迫切需要重构整合性、全国性、普及性、综合性、连续性和生活化的儿童福利政策框架。     

社会转型期儿童福利的理论框架与政策框架

儿童与国家关系既是个经典的理论议题,又是重大的现实问题和政策问题。在社会结构转型和社会现代化背景下,中国困境儿童群体和儿童福利理论、政策框架议题成为社会政策议程的优先议题,本文首次概要建构儿童福利的理论框架与政策框架,探讨理论框架与政策框架的现实意义和社会意义,为亿万少年儿童身心健康成长指明未来发展方向。     

中国儿童福利权实现的路径

儿童福利权是儿童在生存、发展的过程中,因儿童之为人的尊严而从国家和社会获得的保障或服务,以满足其基本生存、提高生活质量之需要的基本权利。中国传统以家庭照顾为基本形式的实现路径既无法破除儿童福利权实现之城乡、区域(省际)以及福利机构与原生家庭的多重二元结构制约,也难以尊重和满足儿童生存和发展之福利需求,因而亟待变革。经研究发现,注重立法、行政和司法等手段的协同与国家、社会和家庭等主体的协作是中国儿童福利权实现路径的最佳选择。     

中国儿童福利研究综述

本文对中国儿童福利研究进行了综述,主要综述了以下四个方面的内容:儿童福利的定义,儿童福利需求及服务,目前我国儿童福利政策方面存在的问题及对策,近几年来我国儿童福利研究的热点问题。     

日本儿童福利政策的特色与发展变革

在国际上,日本被作为极其富有特色的福利国家来研究.本文重点考察日本儿童福利政策的特色与理念、发展与变革、实践与问题;阐明了其以家庭为中心、多元化供给主体和旨在帮助儿童个人自立的典型特征.以期对我国儿童福利制度的建设提供有效的参考和借鉴.     

中国儿童福利的现状分析与对策思考

本文从政策体系、组织机构和儿童发展指标三方面分析了我国儿童福利的现状,深入剖析了当前我国儿童福利政策存在的问题,提出对我国儿童福利发展的政策建议.     

日本儿童福利法律制度及其对我国的启示

发展市场经济必须建立和健全社会保障制度,尤其是儿童保障制度。而我国儿童福利体系的建立还处于起步阶段,其发展不仅要有对传统福利制度的创新,同时也应有对国外已有模式的借鉴与学习。日本是国际上明确定义的＂日本型福利社会＂,且与我国有着相似的历史文化传统,其儿童福利法律的特色、理念、法规及运作模式已日臻完善,对我国极具参考价值。日本儿童福利法是以第二次世界大战前制定的防治虐待儿童法、少年教养法、母子保护法、救护法以及其他相关的法律为基础,根据其本国《宪法》第25条生存权的理念制定的关于儿童福利制度的综合性基本法。对日本儿童福利法律进行剖析研究,可以为我国社会保障法律制度的完善提供颇有价值的启示。     

儿童福利面面观

<正>"对儿童,我们不能说明天,她的名字叫今天。"——诺贝尔文学奖得主、智利诗人米斯特拉尔关于什么是儿童福利,1959年联合国《儿童权利宣言》曾下过一个定义,认为"凡是以促进儿童身心健康全面发展与正常生活为目的的各种努力、事业及制度等均称其为儿童福利。"这是一个从内容到对象都十分宽泛的概念。它以全体儿童为对象,以保障儿童基本需要、促进儿童全面健康发展为目标,包含政策、行动、制度等各种要素,涉及儿童生存发展各个方面。由于政治制度和经济发展水平的不同,也由于社会发展阶段和儿童理念的差异,对儿童福利的定义也不尽相同。除广义的儿童福利     

韩国儿童福利法律制度的历史发展与特色

韩国《儿童福利法》是上世纪60年代初制定的十多部社会保障法律之一，它历经50年，经过了“补缺型”儿童福利法律制度的形成、发展和“普惠型”儿童福利法律制度的确立、完善共四个时期，目前已形成为健全完善的儿童福利法律体系。韩国儿童福利法律制度以“稳固家庭基盘”为儿童福利基本政策，以“自立为导向”为儿童福利理念，以“全面发展”为儿童福利终极目标，并明确划分国家、社会、家庭的儿童福利责任。     

美国儿童福利政策的最新变革与评价

本文介绍了美国儿童福利政策的整体框架、特点以及最近所进行的改革.美国的儿童福利具有明显的残补性、分权和立法先行的特点,社会服务也很发达.上个世纪90年代从AFDC向TANF的改革被认为是美国对其<社会保障法>最重要的调整.本文对TANF和AFDC进行了比较,并分析了福利改革的成效和不足.     

Juvenile Criminal Justice Reform Regarding to Children＇s Welfare

Juvenile criminal justice is a reflection of the new approach to children and criminal penalty. The juvenile justice reform is onginated from the changes in criminal penalty and the approach to children. When criminal penalty is no longer pure revenge, education and individualization dominate criminal penalty; when children are regarded as being different from adults and should be treated differently, the new approach to children is taking shape and made more scientific. The orientation of juvenile criminal justice reform is to differentiate the juvenile crimes from adult crimes, set up case heating organizations, methods and treatment measures that are appropriate with the psychology of children. This paper will give an analysis of the current reform of the juvenile criminal justice in conjunction with the development of juvenile justice systems of other countries and probe into the orientation and development trend of the reform of China＇s juvenile criminal justice.     

From Welfare State to Welfare Society

Summary

Within the area of health and social welfare the Danish state has recently made a new approach to prevention and problem-solving. The goal was to promote innovation and social inventions on a local and citizen-oriented level through public funds. In this paper we will focus on a special program called “Social Development Program” (SUM), running from 1988 until the end of 1991. The program can be seen as a new trend in Danish welfare policy turning from an almost solely welfare state policy to a welfare society policy involving municipalities, voluntary organizations, and the users themselves. Another trend is the emergence of a voluntary initiative started on a citizen basis-self-help groups. They have had great impact on the way of viewing the preventive capacity and the helping ability among lay people.     

Developmental Disabilities in Children Involved with Child Welfare: Correlates of Referrals for Service Provision

Using data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW), this study explores the characteristics of child welfare involvement for children (N = 639; aged 3–17.5 years) with at least one developmental disability. In addition, a central focus of this exploration was to examine respective differences in how caregivers and caseworkers initiated referrals for services for children with disabilities. The sample was divided into three exclusive groups based on type of developmental disability: learning disability (weighted percentage 70.3%); Mental Retardation (now referred to as Intellectual Disability), Downs Syndrome, or; developmental delay (weighted percentage 1.8%); and presence of multiple types of disabilities, including autism (weighted percentage 27.9%). Results from the logistic regression analyses indicate children in this population who are placed in out-of-home care receive more referrals than those residing in-home with biological caregivers; older children and children with multiple disabilities are also more apt to obtain referrals to formal assessments. On the other hand, children who were considered in the “other” race category (includes children who identify as: multi-racial; Asian; Pacific Islander; Native American) were significantly less likely to be referred for a formal assessment. Regarding the association between specific maltreatment type and assessment referrals, children with reports of emotional maltreatment had significantly higher odds of being referred for formal assessments.     

中国青少年研究典范的战略转变与儿童福利政策框架的战略思考

本文从中外比较青少年政策研究与儿童福利政策角度,深入探讨中国青少年研究典范战略转移问题,以期为观察目前日趋严峻和严重困扰社会各界的青少年问题提供崭新的理论视角。     

Early Care and Education for Children in the Child Welfare System: Evaluations of Two Training Programs

Despite evidence that early care and education services benefit at-risk children, they remain underutilized by families in the child welfare system. This article describes two training programs developed to educate child welfare and childcare/preschool staff about the importance of early care and education for maltreated children and how to access these services. A combined total of 274 trainees completed knowledge tests about this topic and significant pre- to post-training improvements indicate that both training programs effectively increased participants' knowledge about this important topic. In addition, improvement in self-assessed competency was observed for participants in one program, and positive changes in attitudes and anticipated practice behavior regarding childcare for foster children were observed among participants in the other.     

中国儿童福利制度之缺失——四川地震孤残儿童收养与保护政策分析

在四川地震孤残儿童的收养过程中,收养家庭、孤残儿童和社区可能面临角色不调的风险.虽然政府在孤残儿童安置前和安置后都采取了一系列的措施,但孤残儿童在安全、永久、福利和尊严需要满足方面仍存在一些问题.本文建议政府以四川地震孤残儿童的安置为契机,建立和完善中国儿童福利制度.     

Animal Welfare Struggle

Groups advocating protection of dogs are facing legal and financial difficulty A rescue mission of a number of dogs two years ago has now become a court case over compensation.The China Small Animal Protection Association(CSAPA),the first association of its kind in the nation,was ordered to pay 10 veterinary clinics 480,000 yuan($78,768)by the Beijing No.1 Intermediate People’s Court on     

妇女与福利:女性主义福利理论评介

本文主要从女性主义福利理论的思想渊源、代表性人物、国家角色、市场作用、家庭功能、社会观念,以及女性主义者对福利与福利国家态度等方面,全面评介女性主义的福利理论。女性主义福利理论说明,妇女与福利是当代社会涉及面广和影响大的核心社会政策议题。更为重要的是,女性主义福利理论为我们理解妇女与福利议题提供了独特和有用的视角。     

Shanghai Welfare Lottery

THE Shanghai Welfare Lottery was set up in July 1987. Annual ticket sales have shot up from a few million yuan in the first yearto billions. Its total and per capita sales were the highest of all China welfare lotteries for five consecutive years.     

简论我国社会保障制度中的法律问题及其完善

本文就我国社会保障制度法律建设中存在的问题提出了自己的看法,明确了创建我国社会保障法律体系的重要意义,以及建立健全保障法律的原则.