国有商业银行的现实风险与制度创新

金融业特别是四大国有商业银行共同存在六大现实风险。对国有商业银行的现实风险的防范,应着重在观念、技术、管理、服务和金融监管等方面进行制度创新。     

我国产权市场建设与国有商业银行制度创新

我国国有商业银行目前面临着不少严重的问题,这些问题的存在与国有商业银行的制度落后有关。表明国有商业银行进行制度创新已迫在眉睫。但是,国有商业银行的制度创新又离不开产权市场建设。一是国有商业银行不良债权的处置需要通过产权市场进行;二是国有商业银行股权结构的调整需要通过产权市场进行;三是国有商业银行经营模式的转换需要通过产权市场进行。虽然我国产权市场近年来发展很快,但也存在一些问题,表现在定位不准、市场主体行为不规范、体制不畅、立法滞后等,需要对产权市场进行合理定位,规范市场主体行为,理顺管理体制,扩大交易品种、增设专业产权市场比如金融产权市场,完善法律法规体系,加强宏观监管、防范金融风险。     

从金融风险看国有商业银行内部控制机制的改革

在我国金融业改革和金融创新步伐不断加快的进程中,国有商业银行的金融风险也逐渐暴露出来。要防范和化解金融风险,除了政府的宏观调控外,很重要的就是在商业银行建立有效的内部控制机制,即通过制定和实施一系列制度、程序和方法,对金融风险进行事前防范、事中控制和事后监督。     

加强内部控制防范金融风险提高国有商业银行内审监督服务水平

商业银行内部审计监督如何有效发挥保驾护航作用,推动国有商业银行在竞争中立于不败之地,如何加强内部控制,防范金融风险,提高国有商业银行内部监督服务水平,是商业银行稳步发展的重要保障.     

国有商业银行综合改革研究

本文结合国有商业银行情况,借鉴国外商业银行改革的先进经验,对国有商业银行综合改革问题,特别是有关产权制度改革,金融创新和相关配套改革措施进行了较深入、系统的研究,以期为深化国有商业银行综合改革作一些有益的探索。     

国务院办公厅转发人民银行、财政部、证监会关于组建中国信达资产管理公司意见的通知

各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府,国务院各部委、各直属机构:人民银行、财政部、证监会《关于组建中国信达资产管理公司的意见》已经国务院同意,现转发给你们,请认真贯彻执行。组建资产管理公司,是我国金融体制改革的一项重要举措,对于防范和化解金融风险,依法处置国有商业银行的不良资产,改善银行资产结构,加强对国有商业银行的考     

国有商业银行监管的经济学分析

在国有商业银行股改全面推进之时,如何防范金融机构的腐败问题,如何完善国有商业银行的监管,已成为社会关注的热点。中国银行业的改革是在传统计划经济向社会主义市场经济转轨的大背景下进行的,经历了长期的、阶段性的演变过程,有其自身的演变轨迹和发展规律。我国金融监管的一大问题是静态化、事后化、强调行政审批和管制,缺少动态的、预警的、以风险为导向的市场化处理方式。应该说,这是在转轨时期,中国金融领域存在的特有的体制现象。国有商业银行的监管,应建立一套有别于一般商业银行监管的体系。     

国有商业银行信贷产品创新研究

我国国有商业银行信贷产品同构性明显,导致了“实体经济层面资金紧缺、金融经济层面资金过剩”的普遍困境。创新信贷产品,扩大信贷边界对于实现实物经济和金融经济的对称运行意义重大。本文分析了国有商业银行的信贷产品体系及创新的现状,并从几个创新案例中引申出信贷业务创新的方向。     

浅析国有商业银行的股份制改造

我国国有商业银行进行股份制改造,将有利于国有商业银行产权的明晰,转换经营机制,提高经济效益。当务之急是构建股权多元化的产权制度,剥离不良资产,配套改革,创造外部条件,加大业务创新力度,提高经营业绩。     

我国国有商业银行股份化问题探讨

国有商业银行产权单一,所有权主体虚缺,是造成其经营效益低下、市场竞争乏力等诸多问题的症结所在。面对加入世贸后日趋激烈的国内外同行竞争的压力,从宏观上进行体制创新,着手进行国有商业银行市场取向的改革,实现其股份化改造,明晰产权,完善营运和监督机制,已势在必行。     

Implications of WTO Membership for China's State-owned Banks and the Management of Public Finances: Issues and strategies

WTO membership will dramatically change the environment within which China's financial institutions operate. It increases the urgency of many reforms, including the re-capitalization of state-owned commercial banks and the establishment of a healthy credit culture. The severe under-capitalization of state banks and many state enterprises is part of a growing domestic debt problem that cannot be solved through normal fiscal policy adjustments. It will require the sale or securitization of state assets on a much larger scale than has been undertaken so far. The approach that was taken by the government's four Asset Management Companies to non-performing loan clean-up in 1999 and 2000 was flawed and should not be repeated. State banks should play a larger role in absorbing their own accumulated losses. China should leverage its external financial strength for domestic financial clean up. If the balance of payments remains strong, a mild appreciation of the nominal exchange rate--when the risk of deflation has passed--may serve China's interest. A large and growing proportion of state assets is held in the form of non-tradable shares in partially privatized state companies. To protect state solvency, many of these shares will have to be made tradable and sold in the next 5-10 years. A further strengthening of the fiscal system, along with rapid development of domestic capital markets is essential. Breaking up some or all of the four large state-owned commercial banks into smaller units may facilitate their restructuring and eventual privatization.     

MARKET WATCH

The manufacturing industry shows signs of a turnaround,with the purchasing managers index staging a comeback in August. China’s"big four" state-owned commercial banks are generating windfall profits,though risks still loom large. Fund management companies are swimming in red ink, receiving cues from flagging stock markets. Industrial enterprises experience slowed profit growth. Chinese shipping giant COSCO falters because of tepid demands and overcapacity woes.     

我国商业银行并购中的政府角色错位与重新定位

商业银行的国有产权性质以及银行并购法律体系不完善等原因,导致我国长期以来出现政府居于主导者地位但却忽视常规审查者、垄断审查者职责等错位现象。而政府角色错位必然产生并购效率低下、削弱优势银行竞争实力等弊端,难以适应经济全球化和我国金融业对外全面开放的新形势。因此,应通过改革银行产权制度和完善银行并购法律体系等途径以淡化政府对银行并购的直接干预,赋予政府在银行并购中监管者和服务者的角色定位,同时合理调整其救济者角色。     

行政性事业单位体制改革与行政性国有资产的法律问题

我国一直十分重视国有企业中的国有资产管理,而行政事业单位中的国有资产管理未得到应有的关注。在行政性事业单位的体制改革进程中,应当借鉴发达国家财政管理的成功经验,建立与公共财政制度相适应的行政性国有资产管理机构,同时强化行政性国有资产管理的法制建设。     

关于增设“串通竞买罪”的立法建议

国有土地使用权出让的招标、拍卖、挂牌及国有、集体资产拍卖是我国在总结国有土地使用权拍卖和招投标实践基础上的拓展和创新,而串通竞买行为就是在挂牌出让等过程中竞买人相互串通竞买报价,用串通的方式对抗、减少竞争,以相对低价取得国有土地使用权,最终损害出让人即国家的利益。而现行《刑法》对串通投标罪的规定,难以涵盖和规制日益翻新的危害行为。因此,有必要从遵循刑法内在规律和严密刑事法网的角度出发,对刑法条文予以创新构造,以期对打击与防范国有土地和国有资产转让中的犯罪行为有所裨益。     

行政事业单位国有资产管理中存在的问题及对策

目前,在我国行政事业单位国有资产管理中存在诸多问题。本文在分析其原因的基础上,提出必须加快行政事业单位国有资产管理体制的改革,建立完备的资产清查,加强预算管理等,以防止国有资产流失,提高其管理效率。     

从经济周期变化视角看信贷风险防范

经济决定金融,金融对经济有巨大的反作用。经济周期是经济发展的基本变化轨迹,同时对商业银行信贷质量具有非常明显的传递效应。商业银行要有效地防范信贷风险,除了要加强内部管理外,更重要的是要从经济周期的运动变化规律中找出防范风险的战略思路。     

Commercialization of Banks in China: Institutional changes and effects on listed enterprises

To meet the continuing growth of the socialist market economy, the latest focus on China's banking reforms is to transform the 100% state-owned commercial banks into independent, market-oriented commercial banks. This paper will show that listed enterprises in China have generally perceived that institutional changes leading to improvement over the legal and business environment are important for the success of the bank commercialization process (BCP). The effects of BCP on them are positive. Recognizing how poorly managed banking systems in East Asia have suffered in the financial crisis, the Chinese government has quickened the pace of the banking reforms in China.     

金融危机下中国银行业流动性风险的防范——以资产市场价格波动为视角

2007年以来，源于美国次贷市场的金融危机迅速深化和蔓延，造成欧美大批金融机构严重亏损，一些欧美的商业银行和国际投资银行因流动性问题已经或即将面临倒闭风险，而资产价格泡沫破灭是导致这场银行业流动性危机的根源。由次贷危机引起的金融危机对银行业流动性风险管理提出了新的挑战，该文从资产市场价格波动的角度来进行探讨，加强对中国银行业流动性风险的防范。     

The Privatization of Urban Housing in China and its Contribution to Financial System Development

The privatization of urban housing and the subsequent development of a mortgage market have played a major role in the development of China's financial system. This paper explores the history and development of China's urban housing market, its impact on the financial system, and the government's efforts to grapple with new issues that have surfaced alongside these reforms. This paper concludes that although housing privatization has helped strengthen the financial standing of state-owned enterprises, urban residents, and commercial banks alike, systematic weaknesses must be addressed in order to promote sustainable economic growth.