Reflections on New China＇s Diplomacy in the Past 60 Years

On October 1, 1949, the People＇s Republic of China was found-ed, thus opening up a new era in the historical development of the Chinese nation and initiating the glorious and spectacular historic course of New China＇s diplomacy. In the past 60 years, the theory and practice of China＇s diplomacy, transcending the state-centered perspective and the Western traditional diplomatic concepts of ＂equilibrium＂, ＂power＂, ＂containment＂,＂interference＂, ＂alliance＂, ＂geopolitics＂ and ＂sphere of influence＂, have adhered to the scientific spirit, grasped the trends of the times and embodied the common aspirations of mankind.     

中国特色大国外交的全面推进之年（英文）

正As 2015,a year of great importance to both China and the world,is drawing to an end,it is time for me to review the progress made in China’s diplomacy.The year 2015 is a crucial one in the advance of human history.Seventy years ago,the United Nations was established following the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War.Countries around the world have held commemorations on that part of history which reshaped the future     

Classical Public Diplomacy and Chinese Characteristics

In recent years, countries around the world have attached
increasing importance to public diplomacy. The United States has made public diplomacy a constant subject in foreign policy making. And the promotion of U.S. values and ideas throughout the world has become one of the two pillars of the Strategic Plan of the U.S. Department of State. In Germany,     

China's Grand Strategy Seen from the Report to the CPC 18th National Congress

Clash of Opinions
Opinions vary over the question： ＂Does Beijing have a strategy. Both affirmative and negative answers have been heard. Witness the arguments for and against. The pros point to Mao Zedong＇s Ping-Pong diplomacy that shook the world by moving a big ball with a small one; Deng Xiaoping＇s Theory on reform and opening up, as well as his Three-Stage Development Strategy; and China＇s adherence to the path of peaceful development. Any one of these can be regarded as a grand strategy. On the con side, however, comes this sarcastic retort.＇ Just look at how the Middle Kingdom is kept constantly on the run responding to emergencies in foreign affairs without any internal coordination to speak of or any systemic approach to turn to. Is this not an eloquent testimony to the lack of a grand strategy？ Echoing this view, the former Australian prime minister, Kevin Rudd, in his recent article,     

欧盟＼北美自由贸易区的发展及其对中国-东盟自由贸易区的启示

Regional economic integration and economic globalization have been a unavoidable trend in the world economic development. Being one of the great regional economic integration, forty years of EU‘ s development experience and ten years of NAFFA‘ s successful operation and their attitudes, theories and measures solving problems have positive influence to the recently established CHINA- ASEAN FREE TRADE AREA. in conquering difficulties and winning victories in the cource of operation.     

“中国债务陷阱外交论”的发展及其谬误

In recent years,China has gained fruitful achievements in investment and infrastructure construction cooperation with countries along the proposed Belt and Road routes.At the same time,the West has begun to attack the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)with fallacies,of which“China’s debt-trap diplomacy”is a typical example.By putting the blame for the debt crisis of some developing countries on China,it tarnishes China’s international image and creates obstacles for the BRI.Therefore,it is particularly necessary to have a thorough understanding of the cause and effect of the“China’s debttrap diplomacy”narrative,to refute its erroneous nature and reveal the real root causes of the current debt crisis in many developing countries.     

Thoughts on Japan＇s Big Power Strategy

More than 20 years have elapsed since Japan put forth the slogan of marching toward a ＂political power＂ from an economic one in the mid-1980s. People find that not only Japan＇s economic bubble has burst but its ＂political power＂ strategy is also quite feeble. The mettle Japan held in those years to ＂lead the world together with the United States＂ has long become grievance at the current state of affair and reminiscence of the good old days.     

Japan＇s Diplomacy in Central Asia

Japan＇s diplomacy in Central Asia started in the wake of the disintegration of the Soviet Union. After years of efforts, Japan＇s strategy on Asia was formed and its diplomacy in Central Asia entered a stage of steady growth. Though having scored some achievements, Japan still has some marked limitations as far as its Central Asia diplomacy is concerned. In the foreseeable future, Japan will still find it hard to become a main player on the stage of Central Asia diplomacy.     

Some Thoughts on Deepening Economic Diplomacy

Since the founding of the People＇s Republic of China, the nation has paid a great deal of attention to economic diplomacy. In particular, since the launch of the reform and opening-up policy and its accession to the World Trade Organization, China has made great achievements in economic diplomacy, which has grown and improved in terms of patterns, objectives and contents. In the 21st century, globalization offers both opportunities and challenges, and international economic cooperation and competition have played an important role in foreign relations. Economic diplomacy has been increasingly important in terms of diplomacy. As we encounter new problems and face new challenges, we urgently require new breakthroughs in economic diplomacy.     

Prospects for U.S. Foreign Policy and Sino-U.S. Relations Following Obama’s Re-election

The focus of Obama’s second term diplomacy will continue to be the acceleration of the U.S. global strategic shift eastward to Asia. With increasing competition and more competitive factors emerging over the next four years, the existing competitive and cooperative political structure in Sino-U.S. relations should continue to help keep bilateral political relations stable.     

A Comparative Analysis of Abe＇s and Fukuda＇s Asia Diplomacy

As Abe was replaced by Fukuda, Japan＇s domestic and foreign policies were also amended. Abe＇s ＂proactive diplomacy＂ has been replaced by Fukuda＇s ＂synergy diplomacy＂ which emphasizes strengthening the Japan-U.S. alliance and Japan＇s ties with Asia. Abe＇s diplomacy toward Asia was characterized by ＂value oriented diplomacy＂, whereas Fukuda seeks to carry out ＂active diplomacy toward Asia＂ after his cabinet was formed. The changes in foreign policy of the Abe and Fukuda cabinets show that Japan＇s nationalist foreign policy is evolving in twists and turns from being radical to being more rational against the backdrop of domestic and international political reality. To explore this change and its causes is conducive to the better understanding of some features of Japan＇s diplomacy toward Asia.     

Thirty Years of China＇s Diplomacy： Trajectory and Challenges Ahead

The 60 years since the birth of New China can be divided into two equal parts with the second 30 years of Chinese diplomacy reflecting tremendous changes in the country and its society. And its central task in this period boils down to building a peaceful external environment for the domestic modernization drive. In the process, based on independence and the world-known Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence, taking shape is a diplomatic strategy that is both all-directional in scope and rich in Chinese characteristics. Since the advent of the 21st century, the country has defined four areas of focus in its diplomacy and put forward the watchword of ＂peaceful development.＂ Looking ahead, China is facing new challenges in its diplomacy of how to preserve harmonious relations with the outside world and set up a Chinese model reflecting its own core values, thereby investing with it greater international appeal and value of universal application.     

Thoughts on Building China-Japan Strategic Relations of Mutual Benefit

In the recent two years, leaders of China and Japan have successively exchanged visits dubbed respectively as ＂ice-breaking＂, ＂ice-melting＂ and ＂spring herald＂ tours, and have decided to develop strategic relations of mutual benefit. To develop this relationship requires a thorough understanding of bilateral strategic and mutual interests in the international context as well as the inertia factors in China-Japan relations. Such efforts require a long-term plan as well as actions in solving specific problems in the bilateral relations. It also requires the overall consideration by the leaders of the two countries as well as the social bases of friendship between the two peoples.     

People-to-people Diplomacy towards South Asia: Status-quo,Problems and Countermeasures

Certain effects have been achieved in the China-South Asia people-to-people diplomacy,demonstrated by increasingly active events,better environment for development,a big leap in economic and trade cooperation,further openingup of the people-to-people and cultural exchanges and growing importance of the academic and think-tank dialogues.Still,inadequacies of people-to-people diplomacy towards South Asia remain,manifested by unbalanced exchange pattern and rather weak social influence awaits further enhancement.In order to make up the inadequacies,the authors contend that the following measures need to be adopted:1)to fully play the government’s role and break the existing bottleneck in people-to-people diplomacy;2)to list media exchange and study-abroad program as key areas of the agenda;3)to give a trial of conducting people-to-people diplomacy in cases of Bhutan and Maldives,exploring comparative advantages to official diplomacy.These proposals may vary,however,the aim to expand the optimal reach of China-South Asia people-to-people diplomacy with creative forms,leaves unchanged.In China’s overall diplomatic agenda,South Asia owns quadri-categories,which are major powers,neighboring and developing countries and multilateral regions.Undoubtedly,South Asia is entitled to status and importance because of these characteristics,covering 8 sovereignty countries of great differences,namely India,Pakistan,Nepal and Maldives etc.Throughout history,China and South Asia have witnessed long-standing cultural exchanges,gradual deepening of economic and social contacts,closer intimacy among peoples’interactions and prosperous development of public diplomacy.Despite of all these,problems remain unsolved that need further consideration and solution in response.     

On the Basis of Sino-U.S.Cooperation

The thirty years＇ reform and open door policies in China have injected elements of capitalism into the Chinese economy. These capitalist factors have had a huge impact on China＇s domestic and foreign policies; economically speaking, China and the United States have become quite similar. The ideological differences which made them enemies in the first thirty years after the founding of the PRC have lessened considerably, and the two now interact as commercially competitive partners. This current similarity, according to the author, is the foundation which guarantees the future success of Sino-U.S. cooperation.     

Gains and Losses of Obama Diplomacy

After a year＇s perfection and evolution, the Obama Administra- tion＇s New Deal in foreign policy has taken shape. A distinctive feature of the Obama diplomacy is that to maintain the leadership status in the world, the United States should use its ＂mart power＂ to achieve its foreign policy goals through multilateral cooperation and in a soft and pragmatic way.     

China＇ s Maritime Security and Its Choices

Over recent years,China’s maritime security and associated issues have become a focus of international interest.What are the major factors in China’s maritime situation? How should we perceive the challenges that the situation poses to China’s national interests? What is likely to be     

An Analysis of China's Power Status and International Standing

Many Chinese scholars have described China as the world＇s second biggest power after the U.S.. This is based on two facts. First, China overtook Japan in total economic output measured by GDP in 2010 to become the world＇s second biggest economy. Some scholars argue that China still lags behind the U.S. in comprehensive national power and in this sense it is also ranked second） The other is that Sino-U.S. relations are frequently described as the rise and fall of big powers, especially when referring to the Asia-Pacific region. It is the latest example of how relations between a rising power and one struggling to maintain its status have been so complex in the long history of international relations. While many people talk about the possibility that China will overtake the U.S. in the future, others talk about a G2.2 If we look closely at global trends and changes to China＇ s international environment, if we examine what exactly we mean by power status, we will have a much deeper understanding of China＇ s current power status from which we can build a solid foundation for this country＇ s foreign strategy and diplomacy.     

Japan＇s UN Diplomacy and Its Prospects

Japan＇s diplomacy related to the United Nations can be traced back to 1956 when it formally joined the United Nations. After raising the goal of becoming a ＂political power＂ in the 1980s, Japan, in order to boost its international status, has spared no efforts on enforcing its diplomacy toward the United Nations. Boasting the world＇s second largest economy, Japan, after the end of the Cold War, openly declared its pursuance of permanent membership of the UN Security Council and competed for a permanent seat on the Council respectively during the 50th and 60th Sessions of the UN General Assembly held in 1995 and 2005. Besides, by rallying G4, Japan also aligned with Germany, India and Brazil in jointly claiming permanent seats on the UN Security Council. Though suffering repeated setbacks, Japan has never given up its attempt in this regard.     

Characteristics of ＂East Turkistan＂ Terrorism and Future Prospects

The continuing threat of terrorism around the world has intensified interest in the perpetrators＇ characteristics to see whether a profile or type can be drawn from individual majority of today＇s terrorists features. Research has shown that a are young-to-middle-aged, male, psychological immature, insufficiently educated, and have a family of origin in which a religious atmosphere prevails. If motivations are studied, the studies find that individuals who commit extremist or violent terrorist acts are dissatisfied with the current situation but also convinced it can be successfully altered through their personal capability. Besides these factors of age, gender, education, and religion, a mastery of computers and the internet has been found to be a basic feature common to modern terrorists.1 The ＂East Turkistan＂ terrorists who instigated terrorist activities in recent years in Xinjiang and inland China closely resemble those of their international contemporaries. With access to the three sets of reports from the Ministry of Public Security of China and information from cases tried by national courts in 2013, this article analyzes the relationship between common individual features and terrorist activities, and estimates developments of ＂East Turkistan＂ terrorism.