东北亚区域林业经贸合作发展战略的有效实施

东北亚区域林业经贸合作是区域内各国可以先行的和最有潜力的合作领域。东北亚区域林业经贸合作应当走“区域发展、梯度重点推进”的实施战略,要以中俄森林资源合作开发利用作为推动整个区域林业经贸合作的切入点,以林业直接投资合作的启动为现实起点,以中俄林业经贸合作作为整个东北亚区域林业经贸合作的突破口来带动东北亚区域林业经贸合作的发展。     

推进中俄林业投资合作的对策与建议

十几年来，中俄林业投资合作基本是单向的，即中国对俄罗斯林业进行投资。但尚未有俄方对中方林业进行投资的实例，这应该说是中俄林业投资合作中的遗憾与不足。推进中俄林产品贸易与投资一体化，是新时期加强中俄林业投资合作的有效途径。     

中俄林业经贸合作的政策基础与发展趋势

一、中俄林业经贸合作政策基础中俄林业经贸合作是两国经贸合作的一个重要组成部分,其实际运行受两国政治、经济关系的影响颇深。20世纪末,中俄两国领导人将两国关系定位于战略协作伙伴关系,将森林工业列入最有潜力的合作领域之一。近年来两国政府一直都不断发布有利于中俄林业合作的政策性条文。与此同时,俄罗斯一些州区的优惠政策也为中俄林业合作提供了便利条件。总之,中俄两国良好的政治关系为两国林业合作提供了宝贵机遇。1.中方在对俄林业合作中表现的积极态度中国是木材需求大国,自实施“天保”工程后,大幅度削减采伐量,年木材缺口达…     

黑龙江省与俄远东地区林业合作的原则、领域与方式

中俄林业合作应从中俄两国的共同利益出发,坚持互利互惠原则,以国内外市场为导向,依托林业资源开发和技术合作,实现生产要素的跨国优化组合,使黑龙江省与俄罗斯邻近地区的林业优势产业和特色经济得以迅速形成和发展,通过投资、技术、劳务和贸易的多边、多层次合作,提高黑龙江省与俄罗斯邻近地区的林业合作水平。     

黑龙江省对俄林业经贸合作战略升级研究

对俄林业经贸合作是黑龙江省可以先行的和最有发展潜力的合作领域。未来黑龙江省对俄林业经贸合作将呈现良好的发展态势,实行跨国经营、加强两国地区间和企业间合作,采取灵活多样的形式与策略等,都是保障黑龙江省对俄林业经贸合作真正富有成效的可行途径。     

中俄林业合作的经验及存在的问题

中俄林业合作符合国际贸易中的资源禀赋理论。俄罗斯拥有丰富的森林资源，但劳动力缺乏、资金不足；中国因实施天然林保护工程，形成过剩的林业工人和闲置的采运机械设备。两国进行林业合作不仅是必要的，而且也是有可能的。     

中俄林业科技合作产业化的环境研究

目前,中俄关系进入了一个崭新的历史阶段,努力实现中俄林业科技合作的产业化必将有力地巩固和充实这种战略协作伙伴关系。构建中俄林业科技合作运行机制,选择适宜的合作模式,还要创造良好的外部环境,包括体制环境、政策环境、政治环境、生态环境、舆论环境和市场环境,从而促进中俄林业科技合作产业化的顺利进行。     

吉林省同俄罗斯林业合作研究

俄罗斯森林资源非常丰富 ,约占全球森林资源总量的 2 1%～ 2 2 % ,森林蓄积量达 819亿立方米。森林资源丰富的吉林省要实现林业强省的战略目标 ,必须利用地缘优势 ,加强与俄罗斯在林业领域的合作。目前 ,吉林省对俄林业合作还存在一些问题和制约因素 ,但是 ,只要双方在合作实践中采取合理对策 ,趋利避害 ,就能得到健康、有序的发展。     

黑龙江省与俄罗斯远东地区林业合作分析

黑龙江省与俄远东林业合作一直稳定发展.2009年之前主要是俄远东单方面向黑龙江省出口原木,自从俄罗斯提高原木出口关税、限制未加工木材出口后,黑龙江省自俄远东原木进口下降,赴俄投资办厂企业增多,合作领域逐渐拓宽.在双方共同努力下,在互利双赢基础上,黑龙江省与俄远东林业合作形式不断增多、领域不断扩大.     

东北亚区域林业经济合作问题研究

<正> 中国东北及内蒙国有林区怎样有效地参与东北亚林业经济合作,并在这个区域的合作中得到发展,是我们非常关心的问题。近几年来,随着世界性的森林资源的减少,世界范围内的木材采伐量正日益趋近于可能维持供应的极限,木材供需矛盾日益加大,致使各国都十分关注世界最后一块尚未全面开发的森林资源——俄罗斯联邦西伯利亚和远东地区森林资源的利用状况。目前,东北亚区域各国对林业经济合作十分重视,特别是对森林资源的开发与利用尤为关注,但是在开发与利用这片森林资源的过程中遇到许多理论与实际问题。     

加快黑龙江省对俄林业合作的思考

近年,黑龙江省对俄木材贸易发展迅速,占全国对俄木材贸易总量的1/3以上。从贸易数量上看,黑龙江省对俄木材贸易取得较大发展。但从贸易质量上看,总体质量不高,主要是进口俄原木。但2006年以来俄罗斯不断提高原木出口关税来限制原木出口,使黑龙江省对俄木材贸易与合作受到很大影响。2008年金融危机进一步影响了黑龙江省对俄木材贸易的发展。黑龙江省对俄罗斯林业资源合作优势明显,潜力巨大,也存在一些亟待解决的问题。     

俄罗斯森林工业国际竞争力分析

俄森林面积居世界第一,拥有全球25%的森林储备。但从目前状况来看,俄森林工业在国内与其他工业部门相比没有竞争力,在国际上,同林业发达国家相比竞争力也比较弱。目前,提高森林工业国际竞争力已经成为俄罗斯政府与森工企业的重要努力方向。     

中俄林业合作前景广阔

俄罗斯丰富的森林资源为中俄林业合作提供了可靠的资源保证。我国林区有一大批业务过硬的林业技术人员和过剩的劳动力资源。在森林采伐、木材加工、人造板生产、家具制造等方面有较丰富的经验，加之远东，西伯利亚地区与我们在地域上相邻，运输路途短，气候相宜，是俄方开发该地区森林资源较理想的合作伙伴。中俄合作开发西伯利亚与远东的森林资源，不仅有利于资源的合理利用，还能够给中俄双方合作者带来巨大的经济效益。     

东北亚区域森林资源状况与区域木材供求前景分析

目前,东北亚区域森林资源十分丰富。该区域的森林资源主要集中在俄罗斯远东西伯利亚地区,中国东北地区、日本、韩国、朝鲜和蒙古等国家和地区的森林蓄积量也很大。区域内各国和地区对森林资源需求旺盛,特别是中、日、韩3国已经是世界上重要的木材消费大国和进口大国。随着经济的发展与环保压力的增加,该区域森林资源利用方面在未来将呈现旺盛的发展势头,中国和俄罗斯在未来的东北亚区域森林资源合作开发中应发挥重要作用。     

Strengthening the rule of law in Indonesia: the EU and the combat against illegal logging

Indonesia is an emerging power, but one problem particular taints the success story: corruption. While corruption affects all public policies, its disastrous effects are most visible in forestry. Indonesia is still home to the third largest rainforests in the world, but the country is losing its forests fast. One main driver of deforestation is illegal logging. The strengthening of the rule of law is therefore a key to stop or at least to slow down Indonesia’s deforestation rate. The European Union has been keen to support the Indonesian government in its fight against illegal logging in accordance with the European Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade Policy (FLEGT). In September 2013, Brussels and Jakarta have signed a FLEGT Voluntary Partnership Agreement (a FELGT-VPA, more commonly known as “Timber Pact”). Under the Timber Pact, Jakarta promises an overhaul of its forest governance. This reform of forest governance is costly to the Indonesian government, in financial and political terms. After all, many actors profited from the old system. The question arises why the Indonesian government agreed to the Timber Pact. In the first part of the analysis, a rationalist perspective is taken to answer this question, focusing on the political and economical gains for the decision-makers. The second part looks at the issue from a constructivist angle and shows how the norm “fight illegal logging” fitted into the normative framework of Indonesian politics. By combining a rationalist and a constructivist perspective, a broad picture of successful EU norm diffusion is painted.     

Assessment of non-timber forest products in Phnom Kok community forest, Cambodia

Our study focused on the potential revenues of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in the Phnom Kok forest community in Cambodia. Questionnaires were administered at the beginning of 2007, and results showed that people collected plant- and animal-based NTFPs seasonally. Plant-based NTFPs collected included fodder, food, medicines, resin, construction materials, and ingredients for cosmetics. Animal-based NTFPs collected included honey and beeswax, live animals, bushmeat, medicines, and hides (skins). NTFPs are important economic and natural resources in community forests, and they are used for both family consumption and commercial trade. Resin products represented the largest source of income, followed by honey and beeswax and live animals. Overexploitation of NTFPs, forest degradation, and anarchic forest clearing through fire pose great threats to the continued production of NTFPs. Therefore, sustainable management techniques must be implemented and harvesting should be regulated. Local residents and leaders need to be educated about the long-term benefits of the forest and NTFPs in preserving the environment.     

The production and marketing of sustainable forest products: chewing gum in Mexico

Natural chewing gum (chicle) represents just 3.5 per cent of the total chewing-gum market, which is dominated by synthetic chewing gum made from hydrocarbons. However, recent interest in sustainable livelihood strategies has opened up opportunities for enlarging chicle commercialisation for what is still a small, niche market. The production of chicle can serve to strengthen forest conservation and provide regular employment to those dependent on forest products, as part of a range of sustainable forest activities. However, the production and marketing of natural chewing gum have faced several serious problems: producers in Mexico have been organised in ways that enabled them to be exploited by both intermediaries and state institutions, and the processes of certification for organics and fair trade are unwieldy and expensive. This article suggests a number of ways of addressing these problems.