加强黑龙江省与俄罗斯的林业合作

俄罗斯、特别是西伯利亚与远东地区丰富的森林资源为黑龙江省与俄林业合作提供了可靠的资源保证。我国东北、内蒙林区又处在森林资源危机和经济危困的两难境地,许多林区已无成熟林可伐,中俄合作开发西伯利亚与远东的森林资源,不仅有利于资源的合理利用,还能够给中俄双方合作者带来巨大的经济效益。     

中俄林业合作的经验及存在的问题

中俄林业合作符合国际贸易中的资源禀赋理论。俄罗斯拥有丰富的森林资源，但劳动力缺乏、资金不足；中国因实施天然林保护工程，形成过剩的林业工人和闲置的采运机械设备。两国进行林业合作不仅是必要的，而且也是有可能的。     

中俄林业合作的经验及存在问题

中俄林业合作符合国际贸易中的资源禀赋理论。俄罗斯拥有丰富的森林资源 ,但劳动力缺乏、资金不足 ;中国因实施天然林保护工程 ,形成过剩的林业工人和闲置的采运机械设备。两国进行林业合作不仅是必要的 ,而且也是有可能的     

俄罗斯远东金刚石资源与开发

为探讨中俄合作开发远东金刚石资源的可行性，本文主要论述了战略物资金刚石在俄罗斯远东的资源储量、分布、开发、产量、国际市场走势及销售前景等问题，并提出了在哈尔滨开设中俄合资哈尔滨一萨哈钻石销售公司等经贸技术合作建议及结论。     

东北亚区域林业经贸合作发展战略的有效实施

东北亚区域林业经贸合作是区域内各国可以先行的和最有潜力的合作领域。东北亚区域林业经贸合作应当走“区域发展、梯度重点推进”的实施战略,要以中俄森林资源合作开发利用作为推动整个区域林业经贸合作的切入点,以林业直接投资合作的启动为现实起点,以中俄林业经贸合作作为整个东北亚区域林业经贸合作的突破口来带动东北亚区域林业经贸合作的发展。     

推进中俄林业投资合作的对策与建议

十几年来，中俄林业投资合作基本是单向的，即中国对俄罗斯林业进行投资。但尚未有俄方对中方林业进行投资的实例，这应该说是中俄林业投资合作中的遗憾与不足。推进中俄林产品贸易与投资一体化，是新时期加强中俄林业投资合作的有效途径。     

黑龙江省在俄罗斯远东建立蔬菜生产基地的设想

黑龙江省在资金、技术、劳动力方面有巨大优势,而远东有肥田沃野和丰富的热能资源,双方的互补性极强。黑龙江省在远东创办合资或独资蔬菜生产基地必将为中俄两国人民带来很大益处。     

中俄油气合作现状、前景和影响

中俄油气合作已经起步。合作规模巨大：覆盖从西西伯利亚、东西伯利亚、远东到萨哈林岛海域广阔的地域，包括从油气资源的勘探开发到管道的修建乃至油气的储存和利用。中俄油气合作虽是双边的，但却是开放性的。这一世纪性大项目的实施不仅有利于中俄两国，而且也惠及所有输入油气的国家和参与合作的外国公司。不仅会促进东北亚地区的繁荣，而且也有利于世界的和平与发展。     

黑龙江省与俄远东地区林业合作的原则、领域与方式

中俄林业合作应从中俄两国的共同利益出发,坚持互利互惠原则,以国内外市场为导向,依托林业资源开发和技术合作,实现生产要素的跨国优化组合,使黑龙江省与俄罗斯邻近地区的林业优势产业和特色经济得以迅速形成和发展,通过投资、技术、劳务和贸易的多边、多层次合作,提高黑龙江省与俄罗斯邻近地区的林业合作水平。     

俄罗斯远东的林业综合体开展对外合作的潜力

俄远东的林业综合体是在雄厚的森林资源基础上建立的。森林覆盖了远东大部分地区,可采伐的森林面积占远东面积的81.1%,达到5.042亿公顷,其中2.809亿公顷的木材蓄积量达到206亿立方米。目前远东林业综合体在两个方向上开展国际合作———木材贸易和投资合作。俄罗斯远东林业综合体自建立起便开始出口木材。在苏联时期,远东出口木材的高峰发生在1987年,出口量达到860万立方米。出口对象达到13个国家,其中最大的是日本,占远东木材出口总量的2/3。俄罗斯发生经济危机后,远东木材的年出口量减少到450万立方米。1998年卢布贬值后木材出口急剧增长…     

吉林省同俄罗斯林业合作研究

俄罗斯森林资源非常丰富 ,约占全球森林资源总量的 2 1%～ 2 2 % ,森林蓄积量达 819亿立方米。森林资源丰富的吉林省要实现林业强省的战略目标 ,必须利用地缘优势 ,加强与俄罗斯在林业领域的合作。目前 ,吉林省对俄林业合作还存在一些问题和制约因素 ,但是 ,只要双方在合作实践中采取合理对策 ,趋利避害 ,就能得到健康、有序的发展。     

俄远东地区投资环境与黑龙江省对俄投资策略

远东地区是俄罗斯的"聚宝盆",蕴藏着丰富的燃料动力资源、森林资源、水力资源和矿物资源。在世界各国对自然资源需求不断增加的今天,许多投资者都把资源开发的目光投向了这一地区。黑龙江省应该充分利用与俄远东地区相邻和经济互补的优势,把握对俄投资的最佳机遇,制定对俄投资策略。     

Assessment of non-timber forest products in Phnom Kok community forest, Cambodia

Our study focused on the potential revenues of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in the Phnom Kok forest community in Cambodia. Questionnaires were administered at the beginning of 2007, and results showed that people collected plant- and animal-based NTFPs seasonally. Plant-based NTFPs collected included fodder, food, medicines, resin, construction materials, and ingredients for cosmetics. Animal-based NTFPs collected included honey and beeswax, live animals, bushmeat, medicines, and hides (skins). NTFPs are important economic and natural resources in community forests, and they are used for both family consumption and commercial trade. Resin products represented the largest source of income, followed by honey and beeswax and live animals. Overexploitation of NTFPs, forest degradation, and anarchic forest clearing through fire pose great threats to the continued production of NTFPs. Therefore, sustainable management techniques must be implemented and harvesting should be regulated. Local residents and leaders need to be educated about the long-term benefits of the forest and NTFPs in preserving the environment.     

The role of non-timber forest products in poverty reduction in India: prospects and problems

The vast natural resources of India's forests, including non-timber forest products (NTFPs), such as medicinal and aromatic plants, leaves, fruits, seeds, resins, gums, bamboos, and canes, offer employment that provides up to half the income of about 25 per cent of the country's rural labour force. However, poor harvesting practices and over-exploitation in the face of increasing market demand are threatening the sustainability of these resources, and thus the livelihoods of forest-dependent tribal communities. This article analyses the role of NTFPs in livelihoods-improvement initiatives and considers recent initiatives intended to enhance their conservation and sustainable management. It recommends policies to optimise the potential of NTFPs, both to support rural livelihoods and to contribute to India's social, economic, and environmental well-being.     

黑龙江省走向俄罗斯市场的对策研究

对俄经贸合作在黑龙江省对外贸易合作中占十分重要的地位 ,对黑龙江省开放型经济的发展具有较强的牵动作用。从黑龙江省的产业结构特点、地缘优势及对俄经贸合作的实际出发 ,走向俄罗斯应是黑龙江省实施“走出去”战略的首选方向。主要合作领域应是石油天然气资源、森林资源的联合开发及农业合作。增加对俄投资、扩大承包工程和劳务输出规模、鼓励个体私营企业赴俄开展合作是今后一个时期黑龙江省走向俄罗斯的重要举措     

Left out but not backing down: exploring women’s voices against large-scale agro-plantations in Cameroon

This article examines the situation of women around agro-plantations which have taken over their farmlands in the South-West Region of Cameroon through large-scale land acquisitions, and how they have sought popular redress. Based on a survey and focus group discussion among affected women, the findings revealed that women are generally left out of large-scale land acquisition processes. They complained of displacement from their farms and traditional forest resources, which has negative effects on their livelihoods and lifestyles. Despite women’s constrained situation, they have risen collectively against marginalisation, failed promises, and injustices through protests and defiance, achieving some successes in their demands for recognition and compensation.     

Gender and the environment: Traps and opportunities

A growing debate about gender and the environment highlights women's roles in the use and management of natural resources, opening up important opportunities for development analysis and action. But there are traps in conceiving of women's roles in relation to the environment in a partial, narrow, or static way; of isolating them from men's roles; and of assuming a close link between women and ‘nature?s. An alternative approach examines dynamic gender-differentiated activities, rights, and responsibilities in the processes of natural resource management. A case study from the Gola forest, Sierra Leone shows how this approach can help to ensure sustainability and equity in the design of projects concerned with the environment.     

Sustainable rural livelihoods approach for climate change adaptation in Western Odisha,Eastern India

The economy of Odisha is primarily agrarian. Over 80% of the population of Odisha live in rural areas, where levels of poverty are higher than in the state's towns and cities. They depend for their livelihoods on farming and collecting forest products. During the dry season, many migrate elsewhere in Odisha and nearby states in search of temporary work as labourers. Odisha has the highest proportion of inhabitants from scheduled tribes and scheduled castes of all the states in India (39.9% compared to 24% nationally). These groups are marginalised and experience high rates of poverty, low levels of education and poor health. They are highly vulnerable to climate change, due to poverty and dependence on climate-sensitive livelihoods in a vulnerable region. The Western Odisha Rural Livelihoods Project sought to reduce poverty by improving communities' water resources, agriculture, and incomes. Communities were involved throughout and are now better able to respond to climate variability (both droughts and heavy rains). The Government of Odisha took full ownership of the project and state and national governments subsequently adopted approaches used by WORLP.