Gender,nationalism and the colonial jail: a study of women activists in Uttar Pradesh

Abstract

An important aspect of Indian women's political participation in the nationalist struggle against colonial rule was their imprisonment and confinement within the walls of the prison. To counter the difficulty and monotony of their prison existence, women developed strong solidarity networks which not only helped them to adjust to the temporary upheaval in their lives but also resulted in their becoming strong and determined individuals with a nationalist consciousness. These women resisted colonial rule through imprisonment and activities in the jail (such as writing poetry) just as they did through nationalist activities within the domestic sphere (such as spinning and weaving). The jail became a site where identities were continuously shaped and restructured. Feelings of pride, resentment, honour and humiliation were all experienced by women prisoners and were continuously sharpened. Women's entry into male dominated spaces dispelled the British stereotypes about Indian women as subordinate, weak and docile. Women were also aware that by endangering their womanhood on the streets and putting their bodies under risk of attack, they proved that they could share common experiences with their fellow men in the public sphere.     

Quality of democracy in unrecognized states: lessons from Northern Cyprus

Scholars have recently debated whether non-recognition is a blessing or a curse for democracy. Some suggest that lack of recognition forces political elites to democratize and acquire internal legitimacy to compensate for the lack of external legitimacy. Others suggest that democratization is used as a strategy by which to acquire international recognition. Still others claim that non-recognition obliges unrecognized states to rely on a patron state which, in turn, hinders the quality of democracy. To contribute to this discussion, we have conducted an in-depth case study. Focusing on democratic quality in Northern Cyprus from 2010 to 2016, it is observed that reliance on a patron state leads to dynamics of tutelage, in turn hindering the quality of democracy.     

Science Parks,talent attraction and stakeholder involvement: an international study

The Journal of Technology Transfer - One aspect of Science Parks development that has come into focus is the attraction of talent, which could include attracting specific expertise, making it...     

Shame and Guilt and its Relation to Direct and Indirect Experience of Trauma in Adolescence,a Brief Report

Exposure to different kinds of traumatic events is common among adolescents. This brief report study examined whether shame proneness and guilt proneness were associated with direct and indirect experience of potentially traumatic events (PTEs). We investigated the relationship between gender, PTEs, shame, and guilt among adolescents (n?=?314, age?=?15–20 years). We hypothesized that shame proneness and guilt proneness would be associated with direct experience of interpersonal and sexual PTEs, that both direct and indirect experience of potentially traumatic sexual event/s would correlate with female gender, and that potentially traumatic direct and indirect interpersonal event/s would correlate with male gender. Shame was positively associated with having experienced direct sexual trauma and with female gender. Girls had more often experienced potentially traumatic direct sexual events and boys had more often experienced potentially traumatic direct interpersonal events. Indirect experiences of traumatic events were not related to either gender or shame. We conclude that the relation between shame, PTEs, and gender is complex with both types of traumas and gender interact with shame. This study found that shame and direct experience of sexual traumatic events were associated among adolescent girls. Gender and what type of traumatic events adolescents’ direct experience is most likely related but not gender and what type of indirect experienced trauma.

     

Courting the Voters? Policy Implications of Party Competition for the Reform Output of the Second Merkel Government

Understanding party competition as a ‘political market’, we explore its characteristics during the second Merkel government, 2009–13. On the demand side, analysing opinion polls and the Länder election results, we find that the outcome of the next Bundestag election was uncertain. Thus, electoral competition was likely to be intense. On the supply side, opposition parties presented credible alternatives to government policies with regard to social as well as environmental policy. Regarding the Euro crisis, however, a consensus across the established parties existed. Studying three of the most salient policy issues, we identify party competition as a crucial determinant of decision-making. While the debate on minimum wages was substantially shaped by party competition, resulting in ‘anticipatory obedience’, nuclear energy only became affected by electoral considerations after the ‘Fukushima shock’ which resulted in a major policy shift. Regarding the response to the Euro crisis, however, party competition was essentially suspended.     

Folgen der Unterlassung der Anmeldung einer (titulierten) Forderung im Schuldenregulierungsverfahren

§ 197 Abs 1 KO hat gegenüber § 156 KO Vorrang und schr?nkt den Anspruch des Gl?ubigers, der seine Forderung im Konkurs nicht angemeldet hat, auf die Quote ein: Der Gl?ubiger hat nur insoweit Anspruch auf die nach dem Zahlungsplan zu zahlende Quote, als dies der Einkommens- und Verm?genslage des Schuldners entspricht. Die Voraussetzungen des § 197 Abs 1 KO sind nicht nur über Antrag im Verfahren nach § 197 Abs 2 KO vom Konkursgericht, sondern auch im Oppositionsverfahren zu prüfen. Die Abh?ngigkeit der Quotenforderung von der Einkommens- und Verm?genslage des Schuldners ist die Rechtsfolge der Nichtanmeldung der Forderung und unabh?ngig von einer vorhergehenden Beschlussfassung nach § 197 Abs 2 KO. Das Nichtwiederaufleben der Forderung nach § 197 Abs 1 KO iVm § 156 KO kann vom Schuldner mit Oppositionsklage geltend gemacht werden.     

Rückforderung bereits entstandener Provisionen nach dem HVertrG

Die Rückforderung bereits entstandener Provisionen durch den Unternehmer ist nach der relativ zwingenden Beweislastregel des § 9 Abs 3 HVertrG dem echten Untervertreter gegenüber nur zul?ssig, wenn der Unternehmer (Hauptvertreter) nachweist, dass die Nichtausführung des Gesch?fts (zB Zahlungsverzug des Kunden; Stornogrund) nicht der Sph?re der Produktgesellschaft zuzurechnen ist. Eine Rückforderung ist insoweit ausgeschlossen, als der Unternehmer selbst die Provision aus dem entsprechenden Gesch?ft nicht an seine Partnergesellschaft zurückgezahlt hat. Vor Entstehen des Provisionsanspruchs handelt es sich bei Provisionsbuchungen um echte Vorschüsse, die im Fall einer Vereinbarung mit negativen Salden aus der Provisionsabrechnung gegenverrechnet werden dürfen.