英国刑事法律援助质量控制体系及启示

英国几百年刑事法律援助的传统和巨额的政府财政支持,培育了很多先进的法律援助质量控制理念和方法,值得我们在刑事法律援助工作中加以学习和借鉴。本文认为,确立刑事及死刑辩护法律援助的优先地位,提高刑事法律援助律师办案的意愿和积极性,保证刑事及死刑辩护法律援助律师胜任办案的必要能力,建立刑事法律援助早期介入机制,细化工作程序和完善质量保证措施,建立系统化的质量保证体系,将刑事辩护法律援助办案费用支出纳入财政预算,等等,都是建立中国刑事法律援助质量控制体系需要参考借鉴的重要方面。     

亚甲基双氧甲基苯丙胺中毒检验方法的研究

详细讨论了亚甲基双氧甲基苯丙胺中毒后生物体内的提取、净化和检验方法,得出了生物体内亚甲基双氧甲基苯丙胺的提取最佳条件,净化方法和GC/FID定量分析方法,为类似毒品中毒的体内定性定量检验提供了参考.     

Apprenticeship and the transfer of technical know-how

This paper is based on a study of apprenticeship, a long renowned institution for transferring technical know-how. Case studies of apprenticeship led us to define know-how as: a commercially viable integration of proficient technique gained by practicing the work process of an expert and contextual knowledge gained by observing and questioning other workers. One implication of this definition is its stress on know-how transfer teams that consist of work process designers, practice tutors, and transfer manager. A second implication calls for explicit planning of know-how adaptation when new technology makes work processes obsolete. A final implication for researchers in technology transfer stresses the integration of individual know-how into community systems that put technology to work.     

浅论法律援助的“社会需求”

司法部关于法律援助事业“十一五”时期发展规划将逐步扩大法律援助覆盖面，保证符合规定的困难公民都能获得必要的法律援助作为“十一五”时期法律援助事业发展的一个主要目标，完全顺应了党的十七大提出的关注民生、促进社会和谐，实现社会各项事业协调发展的基本要求，是当前和今后一段时间全国法律援助工作必须努力实现的一个重要战略任务。     

The end of police prosecutions: Symptom of changing values in english criminal justice

This article contrasts the traditional English prosecutorial system, and its underlying values, with the new Crown Prosecution Service and the related values which have emerged from five years of official study and planning of prosecutorial reform. The traditional system reflected the English ideal of the amateur generalist. Under this system the police, acting as citizens, undertook most prosecutions, hiring legal assistance as needed. Ower the last twenty years, about three-quarters of the English police forces set up prosecuting solicitors departments. While these institutions give professional legal assistance to many police, they were purely local arrangements without statutory basis and legally similar to the traditional ad hoc arrangements. In 1986 the Crown Prosecution Service will be initiated. This is the product of a process of development which includes a Royal Commission, two governmental working parties, a white paper, a bill, and a managerial study. The result is a hierarchical structure of legal professionals independent of the police who will handle virtually all prosecutions. This prosecutorial structure exhibits the characteristics and values of modern rationalistic bureaucracy described by Max Weber. The adoption of these values in English criminal justice indicates the likelihood of change in other aspects of the system which rest on the conflicting traditional values.