Corporate crime: State-owned enterprises in China

Conclusion A decade ago, the Chinese leadership frankly acknowledged that the model of a fully planned economy, with its system of state-owned and state-run enterprises, was what Lenin had called a bureaucratic dream. 86 Today, state-owned enterprises are enjoying far more freedom to operate, and the state is trying to control them with more law and fewer plans. The use of criminal law to confront corporate crime is part of the effort to import advanced management methods from the West. Nonetheless, in the context of state ownership and Party leadership, the appropriateness of this approach is questionable.The Company Law is a new instrument to bring about fundamental changes in China's system of business organizations. These changes will help determine the scope and limits of criminal law, as applied to corporate enterprises, in the next decade. In this context, I would suggest replacing the concept ofdanwei crime with the concept of corporate or company (gongsi) crime; distinguishing thosefaren that can independently bear criminal liability from those that cannot; and clearly defining the elements of corporate offenses. Corporate criminal liability is a concept applicable when the corporation not only commits the crime but also has the legal capacity to be liable in its own right. Individual liability is still the sole principle applicable to a government agency, even if the crime is collectively committed.Given the historic context of China's socioeconomic reform, criminal law reform can advance only gradually. To insure that Western concepts fit the Chinese setting, lawmakers must make certain that every new criminal statute or regulation is enforceable even where enterprises remain closely interconnected with the state and decision-makers in publicly owned enterprises are mainly appointees of the state.I gratefully acknowledge the invitation of Daniel Prefontaine, Director of the International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and of the Hon. Josiah Wood of the British Columbia Court of Appeal, to present an earlier version of this essay at the eighth international conference of the Society for the Reform of Criminal Law, Hong Kong, December 4–8, 1994. Thanks are also due to Madeleine Sann, Director of Publication,Criminal Law Forum, for her excellent editorial comments.Postgraduate Diploma of Legal Studies, ECIPSL 1984, LL.M., Shanghai Academy of Social Science 1985; Ph.D. candidate, Simon Fraser University.     

关于治安拘留与罚款执行中相关问题的思考

治安拘留与罚款是治安管理处罚中经常适用的两种处罚方式,如何执行该两种处罚,已成为当前公安工作的一个重大问题。为了确保拘留与罚款的执行,应当深刻理会有关法律和司法解释的规定精神,充分考虑被处罚对象的实际情况,尊重和保护被处罚对象应当享有的权利,同时对有关法律、规章进行修改。     

拉康与法国女性主义

本文在介绍精神分析同女性主义关系渊源的基础上,分析拉康的精神分析学对法国女性主义的影响,及法国女性主义者对拉康精神分析学的批评与接受,重点突出拉康同三位法国女性代表的关系,她们是克里斯蒂娃、艾瑞格瑞和西苏。     

试论案件侦查中的“习惯“

侦查人员要善于了解、掌握习惯的特性及种类,并为侦查活动所用。本文主要从习惯的特性、种类及意义三个方面对习惯进行了研究,对侦查实践具有一定的理论指导价值。     

试论我国行政法院制度建构

行政法院制度起源于西方大陆法系国家并在这些国家得到了发展完善,其中以法国行政法院和德国行政法院为代表。我国引进行政法院制度,有利于建设法治国家体系、保证行政审判独立和高效解决行政纠纷。为此目的,基于国情,我国行政法院制度的建构既将有别于法国模式和德国模式,也将有别于我国普通法院制度。     

论农村土地制度的变迁

注重经济政策的调整而忽视农村土地制度的创新 ,可能是我国农业不能长期稳定增长的症结所在。文章先提出一个产权分析框架 ,揭示产权的基本内涵、主要功能以及产权制度的变迁 ;然后用这一框架分析我国农村土地制度的具体特征 ;最后 ,提出农民拥有自由转让的土地产权与坚持农村土地集体所有制是不矛盾的 ;土地规模经营的实现只能建立在产权流转的基础之上 ,当前应努力为土地产权流转创造有利条件。     

中国TBT法律体系构建与完善研究

TBT是当今国际贸易中最隐蔽、最难突破的一种贸易壁垒,已成为继配额、原产地和反倾销措施之后,影响中国对外贸易的又一项重要的非关税壁垒。中国作为WTO的成员国,应从WTO相关规则出发,提出构建与完善中国TBT法律体系的理论思考与现实探寻。     

日本的交番制度对我国社区警务建设的启示

日本的交番制度经过一百多年的发展,已具有较成熟的经验。目前我国推行社区警务建设,可以借鉴日本的成功经验,合理设置和规范社区警务室,明确社区民警的主要职责,加强对社区民警的教育、培训工作,建立派出所工作信息系统。     

脑力智宝对老年性痴呆大鼠神经细胞凋亡的影响

目的：研究老年性痴呆大鼠海马和额叶皮质细胞凋亡相关基因缸bcl-2表达及脑力智宝对其的影响。方法：复制老年性痴呆大鼠模型，治疗组在复制模型后每天灌服脑力智宝至实验结束。应用流式细胞仪测定细胞群中细胞凋亡的比例和Bcl-2蛋白的含量，并观察其组织学改变。结果：组织学可见凋亡早期的形态学改变。模型组大鼠海马、额叶神经细胞凋亡及Bcl-2蛋白含量较正常组为高；脑力智宝治疗后凋亡细胞减少，但海马区仍高于正常组，Bcl-2蛋白水平有所下调，接近正常组。结论：老年性痴呆与细胞凋亡有关，脑力智宝对其有一定的治疗作用。     

论十六大的主旨与宪政的发展

十六大所确立的主题和基本内容 ,为建设以民主政治为核心的宪政国家指引了方向。十六大报告的主旨将在六个方面对宪政的发展产生影响 :小康社会初步奠定宪政的社会基础 ;扩大基层民主是宪政建设的立足点 ;完善财产制是对宪政经济基础的巩固 ;对权力的制约和监督以及推进司法体制改革是宪政必备的两个要素 ;解决“三农”问题和深化分配制度改革是宪政实施的社会环境保障。