Prison privatization: a perspective on core governmental functions

Prison privatization in the US illustrates the challenge of privatization to the traditional state monopoly over “inherently governmental” functions. From a perspective on core governmental functions, this paper provides a new logical explanation of this phenomenon and argues that prison privatization demonstrates the political rationality of governments. Conservative social control and economic neoliberalism were two major political reasons for prison privatization in the US. These factors aggravated the instrumental problems of the public prison system and reinforced the urgency to address them. This logic is applied to explain the variation in the magnitude of prison privatization in the 50 states. Drawing on the results of a Tobit analysis, this paper confirms that both political factors and instrumental factors significantly influence the preference of state governments for prison privatization.     

证明妨害论——以德国法为中心的考察

证明妨害乃指不负证明责任的一方当事人,基于故意或过失,以作为或不作为,妨害负证明责任的当事人之证明使其对要证事实之证明陷于不能,该妨害证明之人将被课以一定的不利益之法理。在制度层面上,证明妨害为德国、日本等大陆法系国家或地区民事诉讼立法所明定,在其适用要件及法律效果上,学说、判例往往持不同见解,而这又缘于对证明妨害之法理基础的不同认识。本文以德国法为中心,对证明妨害之法理基础、构成要件、法律效果等作了全方位的考察,并对今后我国民事诉讼法修正时如何增设证明妨害制度提出了建议。     

面向未来发展的中国共产党与创建青春之党——解读党的十八大报告对青年人的关注与召唤

青年是祖国的未来、民族的希望,是创建青春之党的中流砥柱,党和国家的前途命运系于青年。因此,全党都要关注关心关爱青年,特别是要关注青年成长、关心青年就业、关爱青年身心。广大青年更要红心向党建功立业,自觉地爱党爱祖国爱人民、坚定理想信念、增长知识本领、锤炼品德意志,努力成长为对党和人民有用的栋梁之才。     

严疏结合疏密有致 --论和谐社会中的刑事法网结构

当前,党中央明确提出了“构建和谐社会”的目标。作为国家治理社会的手段之一,犯罪网结构的设置理应遵循这一目标的要求。所以,应克服盲目求“严”而适当求“疏”,真正做到刑事法网的严疏有致,力求和谐统一,为和谐社会的构建提供刑法保障。     

Hukou and land: market reform and rural displacement in China

Scholarship about the Chinese hukou (household registration) system has focused on the advantages and entitlements associated with urban hukou. This paper shifts attention to the key entitlement provided by rural hukou – village land. While early hukou reforms were mainly designed to open up urban labor markets to rural migrants, recent reforms have also begun to open up rural land markets, by replacing hukou-based land rights with market-based rights. These reforms are designed to facilitate land concentration and the transfer of land to outside developers and agribusiness companies, which has been hindered by hukou-based land rights. Underlying the reforms is the government's agenda of promoting large-scale agriculture and urbanization, both of which require the removal of a large portion of the rural population from the land. By focusing on land rights rather than urban benefits, this paper provides a new perspective on the evolution of the hukou system, and highlights the negative implications of recent reforms for livelihood security in the countryside.     

Embedded Government Control and Nonprofit Revenue Growth

This research combines insights from resource dependence and institutional theories to examine the growth of Chinese nonprofit revenues. The authors propose the concept of embedded government control (EGC) to capture the complexity of the government–nonprofit relationship along two dimensions: government regulation of nonprofits’ public fund‐raising qualifications and the political embeddedness of nonprofits with the government. Using a data set of 2,159 Chinese philanthropic foundations for the period 2005–12, the authors test hypotheses about the implications of EGC for nonprofit revenues in China following two major external shocks: the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and the Guo Meimei scandal in 2011. The empirical analysis shows that EGC can help philanthropic foundations obtain more government subsidies, donations, and market revenues. However, external shocks may either strengthen or weaken the enabling role of EGC in helping foundations acquire relatively more donations.     

探索集团总部经费分摊之路——集团公司党建信息化工作经费分摊工作实践纪实

适应形势发展的要求,中国石油天然气集团有限公司建立了石油党建信息平台,初步实现了党组织建设在网上、党员连在线上的目标。平台建立之初,集团总部承担了全部的开发及运维费用。本着"谁受益、谁承担"的原则,集团财务部于2019年2月牵头组织了以党建信息化平台费用分摊为试点的总部费用分摊工作。目前试点工作已圆满结束。在试点工作开展期间,集团财务部进行了大量艰苦细致的探索性研究和实践,为总部费用分摊积累了宝贵的经验。     

论为他人提供“翻墙”工具行为的定性

出于对互联网的管控需求,我国通过技术手段屏蔽了部分境外网站。但是,网民对境外网站的访问需求是客观存在,人们会尝试通过技术手段突破封锁,这些行为俗称为"翻墙"。"翻墙"的实现需要技术及资金支持,所以互联网长期存在提供"翻墙"软件工具以谋取利润行为。司法实践一直将其提供"翻墙"工具的行为定性为提供侵入、非法控制计算机信息系统程序、工具罪,但是,"翻墙"工具的技术原理是通过设立虚拟专用网的方式绕过我国网络监管部门的技术封锁,并未对计算机信息安全造成破坏,不宜定为计算机犯罪。但是,该行为实际是违反国家规定,未经许可擅自经营电信业务的行为,是对市场准入秩序的破坏,与非法经营罪所保护的法益与其构成要件更加接近。