比例原则与监听刍议--兼论监听立法之完善

监听是一种秘密侦查手段,在实践中已为侦查机关广泛采用,但迄今为止我国没有任何一部法律对之做出规制,导致司法实践中侵犯公民权利的现象时有发生,从而迫切需要立法予以完善.比例原则在西方许多国家和地区是其公法领域的一项基本原则,其基本价值所在就是保障人权、防止权力的滥用.因此,比例原则与监听有着天然的密切联系,她可以作为设计监听立法的指导原则和操作标准,以此防止国家侦查权的滥用和保护公民的基本人权.     

The China–asean Free Trade Agreement And Taiwan

While China's move toward a FTA with ASEAN reflects Beijing's most recent foreign economic policy adjustment and represents a new stage in the nation's open-door policy, it inevitably produces significant impact on cross-Taiwan Straits relations. This recent development in China's foreign economic relations brings not only substantial psychological and real effects and pressure on Taiwan for its possible isolation and marginalization from the ongoing process of regional integration in East Asia, but also growing pressure exerted by the island's business community that fears being pushed into a disadvantageous position in competition with ASEAN companies in the ever expanding and lucrative market of the mainland. For strategic, diplomatic, and economic considerations in the face of this new challenge, Taiwan is pursuing counter-measures by searching for its own FTAs with other countries within and beyond the region.     

“数字金砖”的机遇与挑战

作为国际社会中颇具影响力的多边机制,金砖国家是中国实施网络强国战略的重要平台。"数字金砖"是指关于金砖国家网络安全与信息化合作的构想,它既由金砖国家在整个国际体系数字市场中的份额及重要性所致,也缘于全球经济发展数字化的需要,更是"棱镜"等美国绝密监控项目被披露、网络空间能力和治理机制失衡以及"金砖褪色论"频频出现等背景下的必然。然而,由于各国对"数字金砖"态度各异和"数字金砖"本身的性质,这一构想也面临着诸如各方价值观的差异、参与意愿与利益诉求各不相同、成本分摊和资金筹措困难、关于何方主导考量、整合度有限、美国的态度等一系列挑战。     

Estimating Size of Drug Users in Macau: an Open Population Capture-Recapture Model with Data Augmentation Using Public Registration Data

Successful drug intervention policies rely on timely assessment of size of drug users and close monitoring of trend regarding drug abuse. Taking advantage of data collected by the Central Registration System for Drug Abusers of Macau (CRSDAM), this study applied open population capture-recapture models with data augmentation techniques to estimate the size of drug users and to identify influential factors on capture and survival probabilities from 2009 to 2014. In particular, the data augmentation technique was used to address missing data issues. The estimated size of drug users has been slowly declining from 2442 (95% Bayesian credible interval [BCI] 2042–2914) in 2009 to 807 (95% BCI 654–1000) in 2014 with a small fluctuation of 2251 (95% BIC 1950–2599) in 2011, and the estimated cumulative size of drug users is 6199 (95% BCI 5651–6873), which is correspondent to a prevalence rate of 1.20% of the current population aged 15 to 54. Although the estimated sizes of total, narcotic, and other drug users were declining, the size of stimulant users might be increasing. People who used narcotics as their first drug and who were reported by governmental agencies were more likely to stay in the registration system, while those who used needle injection were less likely to stay. Governmental agencies, higher education, and using needle injection were negatively associated with the probability of capture over time, while using narcotics as the first drug was positively associated with it.     

“十二五”规划与澳门产业政策对接的法治思考

国家规划从原先不将港澳经济社会发展纳入其中,到对港澳经济社会发展的方向和定位作出原则性规定,反映了“一国两制”实践的深化.“十二五”规划支持澳门建设世界旅游休闲中心,推动澳门经济适度多元化,这是“一国”层面上的筹划;但就“两制”而言,中央与澳门并不存在直接的监管与被监管关系,所以国家规划在澳门特区无法直接转化为细则性的政策法规或措施.“十二五”规划在澳门的落实,有赖于澳门与国家在政治上的契合,在此基础上澳门特区政府的能动施政,与内地地方和中央部委的协商、合作,以及中央政府必要时的统筹协调.为此也需要澳门特区政府积极引导,通过各方互动在澳门夯实相关民意基础.     

从“大政府”到“精明政府”:中国政府职能转变的逻辑——交易成本政治学的视角

论文利用整合的交易成本政治学框架,分析了中国政府职能转变的核心机制。整体而言,中国政府职能转变的过程是由政府自身利益驱动的,但经济社会组织也会就政府在经济社会事务治理中的边界进行再协商。其中,经济社会组织的相对议价能力确定了经济社会组织与政府进行政治交易的可能性,政治契约被治理的可能性也影响了再协商的结果。如是,政府职能转变的过程是一个政府利益最大化,经济社会组织与政府之间政治交易达成的可能性以及相对议价能力三者互动的结果。与此同时,政府职能转变也嵌入在特定经济社会环境之中的。在不同的经济社会事务领域内,政府的收益、经济社会组织与政府之间相对议价能力和政治交易治理机制的系统性差异,使得不同经济社会事务领域之内政府职能转型的速度、路径和结果呈现出系统性差异。以国有企业、社会组织和农村治理三个领域的差异为基础,论文界定了三种不同的政府权力转移机制:建构性放权、吸纳型放权和隔离型放权,说明了在不同经济社会事务领域内,政府职能转变逻辑的差异。     

行政审批与权利转让合同的效力

在合同效力与合同履行相区分的制度平台上,行政审批的法律意义与权利转让合同的效力并非绝对绑定。实现国家管控权利变动的政策目标,存在行政审批与合同效力绑定、行政审批与合同效力区分两条进路。相较于二者绑定的现实选择,依循二者区分的进路,行政审批的法律意义仅在于控制相关合同的履行,由此权利转让合同即使未获审批,亦为有效合同。这便于助推合同机制的运作,相符于比例原则,且有利于合理分配因权利转让合同而产生之风险与负担,防范当事方的机会主义行为,为立法论层面的应然选择。在解释论层面,亦应厘清合同效力的长成逻辑,并采用目的论限缩的解释方法,尽量对现行立法做出权利转让合同效力与行政审批无涉的解释结论。     

Relaxing the constraints from above: Politics of privatising public enterprises in China

This paper addresses the factors that caused widespread privatisation in China in the late 1990s. It argues that the relaxation of constraints by the central government made local governments less worried about the political risks of privatisation such as resistance from workers and the banks. This relaxation based on the policies of the 15th Party Congress, together with the economic rationale of reforming inefficient public enterprises, became a strong incentive for local governments to carry out this reform. As local governments regarded such reform as an opportunity to show their loyalty to the central government and to evade debts, a number of problems emerged in the reform process that affected the interests of both the central government and the workers.     

法治层次观照下的法律语言发展完善

法律语言与法律文化的关系密不可分。法律语言的完善程度是法律文化是否成熟的重要标志。法治是有层次的，法律语言必须具有多种特征才能与之相适应。法律语言需要进一步发展完善，立法语言应在准确、严谨的基础上，尽量简明、平实；司法文书写作风格要多样化并增强其内容的说理性；法制宣传要关注民众需求，注重宣传的实效。这是法治层次论对法律语言发展完善的客观要求。     

公用事业特许经营绩效评估法律制度研究

作为一种中度的政府管制手段，绩效评估已经在我国当下公用事业特许经营后续监管中得到了局部运用，并为我国中央和地方特许经营立法初步认可。法律文本可操作性的匮乏、公众参与机制的不足和评估结果处理的偏颇，使得绩效评估的功效尚未彰显。为了实现绩效评估制度的有效实施．应当从厘定评估目标、明晰评估指标体系的形成机制、健全多元评估主体的参与机制、确立评估结果的回应机制、设定评估制度的运作程序及配备评估结果的异议解决机制等方面进行努力，并避免评估走过场和评估过度化两种不良倾向的出现。